keeps up - definition of keeps up by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.

keep (k

v. kept, keep·ing, keeps

v.tr.

1. To retain possession of: kept the change; must keep your composure.

2. To have as a supply: keep an ax in the shed.

a. To provide (a family, for example) with maintenance and support: "There's little to earn and many to keep" (Charles Kingsley).

b. To support (a mistress or lover) financially.

4. To put customarily; store: Where do you keep your saw?

a. To supply with room and board for a charge: keep boarders.

b. To raise: keep chickens.

6. To maintain for use or service: an urbanite who didn't keep a car.

7. To manage, tend, or have charge of: Keep the shop while I'm away.

8. To preserve (food).

9. To cause to continue in a state, condition, or course of action: tried to keep the patient calm.

10.

a. To maintain records in: keep a yearly diary.

b. To enter (data) in a book: keep financial records.

11.

a. To detain: was kept after school.

b. To restrain: kept the child away from the stove; kept the crowd back with barriers.

c. To prevent or deter: tried to keep the ice from melting.

d. To refrain from divulging: keep a secret.

e. To save; reserve: keep extra money for emergencies.

12. To adhere or conform to; follow: keep late hours.

13. To be faithful to; fulfill: keep one's word.

14. To celebrate; observe.

v.intr.

1. To remain in a state or condition; stay: keep in line; keep quiet; kept well.

2. To continue to do: keep on talking; keep guessing.

3. To remain fresh or unspoiled: The dessert won't keep.

4. To restrain oneself; hold oneself back: I couldn't keep from eavesdropping.

1. Care; charge: The child is in my keep for the day.

2. The means by which one is supported: earn one's keep.

a. The stronghold of a castle.

b. A jail.

Phrasal Verbs:

keep at

To persevere in work or an action.

keep down

1. To prevent from growing, accomplishing, or succeeding: keep the revolutionaries down.

2. To hold under control or at a reduced level: Keep your voice down.

3. To refrain from vomiting: Although seasick, I managed to keep my food down.

keep off

To stay away from.

keep to

To adhere to: keep to the original purpose.

keep up

1. To maintain in good condition: kept up the property.

a. To persevere in; carry on: We asked her to stop talking, but she kept it up.

b. To preserve or sustain: kept up the appearance of friendship.

3. To continue at the same level or pace: The snow kept up all day.

4. To continue to pay off (a financial obligation).

5. To match one's competitors, colleagues, or neighbors in success or lifestyle: couldn't keep up with his friends who went into business.

6. To remain adequately informed: loved to keep up on the gossip.

Idioms:

for keeps

1. For an indefinitely long period: gave the ring to me for keeps.

2. Seriously and permanently: We're separating for keeps.

keep an eye on

1. To watch over attentively; mind.

2. To watch closely or carefully: keep your eye on the ball.

keep an eye out

To be watchful.

keep a stiff upper lip

To be courageous or stoic in the face of adversity.

keep company

1. To carry on a courtship: a couple who kept company but never married.

2. To socialize or associate: keeps company with some tough thugs.

keep (one's) chin up

To be stalwart, courageous, or optimistic in the face of difficulty.

keep (one's) eyes open/peeled

To be on the lookout.

keep (one's) nose clean Informal

To stay out of trouble.

keep pace

To stay even with others, as in a contest.

keep (someone) company

To accompany or remain with.

keep the wolf from the door

To avoid the privation and suffering resulting from a lack of money: Both spouses had to work in order to keep the wolf from the door.

keep time

1. To indicate the correct time.

2. Music To maintain the tempo or rhythm.

keep to (oneself)

1. To shun the company of others: She kept to herself all morning.

2. To refrain from divulging: He kept the news to himself.

[Middle English kepen, from Old English cpan, to observe, seize.]

Synonyms: keep, retain, withhold, reserve
These verbs mean to have and maintain in one's possession or control. Keep is the most general: We received a few offers but decided to keep the house.
Retain means to continue to hold, especially in the face of possible loss: Though unhappy, he retained his sense of humor.
Withhold implies reluctance or refusal to give, grant, or allow: The tenant withheld his rent until the owner fixed the boiler.
To reserve is to hold back for the future or for a special purpose: The farmer reserved two acres for an orchard. See Also Synonyms at observe.

keep [kiːp]

vb keeps, keeping, kept [kɛpt]

1. (tr) to have or retain possession of

2. (tr) to have temporary possession or charge of keep my watch for me during the game

3. (tr) to store in a customary place I keep my books in the desk

4. to remain or cause to remain in a specified state or condition keep the dog quiet keep ready

5. to continue or cause to continue keep the beat keep in step

6. (tr) to have or take charge or care of keep the shop for me till I return

7. (tr) to look after or maintain for use, pleasure, etc. to keep chickens keep two cars

8. (tr) to provide for the upkeep or livelihood of

9. (tr) to support financially, esp in return for sexual favours he keeps a mistress in the country

10. to confine or detain or be confined or detained

11. to withhold or reserve or admit of withholding or reserving your news will keep till later

12. (tr) to refrain from divulging or violating to keep a secret keep one's word

13. to preserve or admit of preservation

14. (tr; sometimes foll by up) to observe with due rites or ceremonies to keep Christmas

15. (tr) to maintain by writing regular records in to keep a diary

16. (when intr, foll by in, on, to, etc.) to stay in, on, or at (a place or position) please keep your seats keep to the path

17. (tr) to associate with (esp in the phrase keep bad company)

18. (tr) to maintain in existence to keep court in the palace

19. (tr) Chiefly Brit to have habitually in stock this shop keeps all kinds of wool

how are you keeping? how are you?

keep tabs on Informal to keep a watchful eye on

keep track of See track [15]

keep time See time [42]

(Team Sports / Cricket)

keep wicket to play as wicketkeeper in the game of cricket

you can keep it Informal I have no interest in what you are offering

1. living or support he must work for his keep

2. Archaic charge or care

3. (Fine Arts & Visual Arts / Architecture) Also called dungeon donjon the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress

4. Informal

a. completely; permanently

b. for the winner or possessor to keep permanently See also keep at, keep away, keep back, keep down, keep from, keep in, keep off, keep on, keep out, keep to, keep under, keep up

[Old English cēpan to observe; compare Old Saxon kapōn to look, Old Norse kōpa to stare]

ThesaurusLegend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms

Noun	1.	keep - the financial means whereby one lives; "each child was expected to pay for their keep"; "he applied to the state for support"; "he could no longer earn his own livelihood" bread and butter, livelihood, sustenance, living, support resource - available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed amenities, comforts, conveniences, creature comforts - things that make you comfortable and at ease; "all the comforts of home" maintenance - means of maintenance of a family or group meal ticket - a source of income or livelihood subsistence - minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting; "social security provided only a bare subsistence"
	2.	keep - the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress donjon, dungeon castle - a large building formerly occupied by a ruler and fortified against attack stronghold, fastness - a strongly fortified defensive structure
	3.	keep - a cell in a jail or prison hold jail cell, prison cell, cell - a room where a prisoner is kept
Verb	1.	keep - keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., "keep clean"; "hold in place"; "She always held herself as a lady"; "The students keep me on my toes" hold, maintain pressurise, pressurize - maintain a certain pressure; "the airplane cabin is pressurized"; "pressurize a space suit" preserve, uphold, carry on, continue, bear on - keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last; "preserve the peace in the family"; "continue the family tradition"; "Carry on the old traditions" hold over - keep in a position or state from an earlier period of time conserve - keep constant through physical or chemical reactions or evolutionary change; "Energy is conserved in this process" preserve - keep undisturbed for personal or private use for hunting, shooting, or fishing; "preserve the forest and the lakes" distance - keep at a distance; "we have to distance ourselves from these events in order to continue living" housekeep - maintain a household; take care of all business related to a household keep down, number - place a limit on the number of keep apart, sequestrate, set apart, isolate, sequester - set apart from others; "The dentist sequesters the tooth he is working on" stay off, keep off - refrain from entering or walking onto; "keep off the grass"; "stay off the premises" keep up - maintain a required pace or level; "He could not keep up and dropped out of the race" keep off, avoid - refrain from certain foods or beverages; "I keep off drugs"; "During Ramadan, Muslims avoid tobacco during the day" keep out, shut out, exclude, shut - prevent from entering; shut out; "The trees were shutting out all sunlight"; "This policy excludes people who have a criminal record from entering the country" keep in - cause to stay indoors sustain, keep up, prolong - lengthen or extend in duration or space; "We sustained the diplomatic negotiations as long as possible"; "prolong the treatment of the patient"; "keep up the good work"
	2.	keep - continue a certain state, condition, or activity; "Keep on working!"; "We continued to work into the night"; "Keep smiling"; "We went on working until well past midnight" continue, go on, go along, proceed act, move - perform an action, or work out or perform (an action); "think before you act"; "We must move quickly"; "The governor should act on the new energy bill"; "The nanny acted quickly by grabbing the toddler and covering him with a wet towel" preserve, uphold, carry on, continue, bear on - keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last; "preserve the peace in the family"; "continue the family tradition"; "Carry on the old traditions" hold - remain in a certain state, position, or condition; "The weather held"; "They held on the road and kept marching" keep going, run on - continue uninterrupted; "The disease will run on unchecked"; "The party kept going until 4 A.M." ride - continue undisturbed and without interference; "Let it ride" continue - continue after an interruption; "The demonstration continued after a break for lunch"
	3.	keep - retain possession of; "Can I keep my old stuffed animals?"; "She kept her maiden name after she married" hold on hold over, carry over - hold over goods to be sold for the next season have, have got, hold - have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; "She has $1,000 in the bank"; "He has got two beautiful daughters"; "She holds a Master's degree from Harvard" deny, refuse - refuse to let have; "She denies me every pleasure"; "he denies her her weekly allowance" deduct, withhold, recoup - retain and refrain from disbursing; of payments; "My employer is withholding taxes" save, preserve - to keep up and reserve for personal or special use; "She saved the old family photographs in a drawer" salt away, stack away, stash away, store, hive away, lay in, put in - keep or lay aside for future use; "store grain for the winter"; "The bear stores fat for the period of hibernation when he doesn't eat" store - find a place for and put away for storage; "where should we stow the vegetables?"; "I couldn't store all the books in the attic so I sold some" keep back, retain, hold back, hold - secure and keep for possible future use or application; "The landlord retained the security deposit"; "I reserve the right to disagree" hold open, keep open, save, keep - retain rights to; "keep my job for me while I give birth"; "keep my seat, please"; "keep open the possibility of a merger" harbour, harbor - keep in one's possession; of animals withhold, keep back - hold back; refuse to hand over or share; "The father is withholding the allowance until the son cleans his room" keep back, retain, hold back, hold - secure and keep for possible future use or application; "The landlord retained the security deposit"; "I reserve the right to disagree" lose - fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense; "She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat"
	4.	keep - stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state; "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"; "Keep the child from eating the marbles" prevent defend - be on the defensive; act against an attack keep - hold and prevent from leaving; "The student was kept after school" keep out, shut out, exclude, shut - prevent from entering; shut out; "The trees were shutting out all sunlight"; "This policy excludes people who have a criminal record from entering the country" hold - keep from departing; "Hold the taxi"; "Hold the horse" keep away - prevent from coming close; "I tried to keep the child away from the pool" blank - keep the opposing (baseball) team from winning hinder, impede - be a hindrance or obstacle to; "She is impeding the progress of our project" rain out, wash out - prevent or interrupt due to rain; "The storm had washed out the game"
	5.	keep - conform one's action or practice to; "keep appointments"; "she never keeps her promises"; "We kept to the original conditions of the contract" observe make good - act as promised; "make good on promises" breach, infract, transgress, violate, go against, offend, break - act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; "offend all laws of humanity"; "violate the basic laws or human civilization"; "break a law"; "break a promise"
	6.	keep - stick to correctly or closely; "The pianist kept time with the metronome"; "keep count"; "I cannot keep track of all my employees" observe, maintain
	7.	keep - look after; be the keeper of; have charge of; "He keeps the shop when I am gone" have, have got, hold - have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; "She has $1,000 in the bank"; "He has got two beautiful daughters"; "She holds a Master's degree from Harvard" conserve, maintain, preserve, keep up - keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction; "We preserve these archeological findings"; "The old lady could not keep up the building"; "children must be taught to conserve our national heritage"; "The museum curator conserved the ancient manuscripts" preserve, keep - maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger; "May God keep you"
	8.	keep - maintain by writing regular records; "keep a diary"; "maintain a record"; "keep notes" maintain record, enter, put down - make a record of; set down in permanent form
	9.	keep - supply with room and board; "He is keeping three women in the guest cottage"; "keep boarders" lodge, accommodate - provide housing for; "We are lodging three foreign students this semester"
	10.	keep - allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature; "We cannot continue several servants any longer"; "She retains a lawyer"; "The family's fortune waned and they could not keep their household staff"; "Our grant has run out and we cannot keep you on"; "We kept the work going as long as we could"; "She retained her composure"; "this garment retains its shape even after many washings" keep on, retain, continue sustain, keep up, prolong - lengthen or extend in duration or space; "We sustained the diplomatic negotiations as long as possible"; "prolong the treatment of the patient"; "keep up the good work" persist in, continue - do something repeatedly and showing no intention to stop; "We continued our research into the cause of the illness"; "The landlord persists in asking us to move"
	11.	keep - supply with necessities and support; "She alone sustained her family"; "The money will sustain our good cause"; "There's little to earn and many to keep" maintain, sustain patronage - support by being a patron of reseed - maintain by seeding without human intervention; "Some plants reseed themselves indefinitely" have, have got, hold - have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; "She has $1,000 in the bank"; "He has got two beautiful daughters"; "She holds a Master's degree from Harvard" carry - keep up with financial support; "The Federal Government carried the province for many years"
	12.	keep - fail to spoil or rot; "These potatoes keep for a long time" stay fresh remain, stay, rest - stay the same; remain in a certain state; "The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it"; "rest assured"; "stay alone"; "He remained unmoved by her tears"; "The bad weather continued for another week" preserve, keep - prevent (food) from rotting; "preserved meats"; "keep potatoes fresh"
	13.	keep - behave as expected during of holidays or rites; "Keep the commandments"; "celebrate Christmas"; "Observe Yom Kippur" celebrate, observe commemorate, mark - mark by some ceremony or observation; "The citizens mark the anniversary of the revolution with a march and a parade" mourn - observe the customs of mourning after the death of a loved one solemnise, solemnize - observe or perform with dignity or gravity; "The King solemnized this day of morning"
	14.	keep - keep under control; keep in check; "suppress a smile"; "Keep your temper"; "keep your cool" keep back, restrain, hold back hold - keep from exhaling or expelling; "hold your breath" confine - prevent from leaving or from being removed bottle up, suppress, inhibit - control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior curb, hold in, control, moderate, contain, check, hold - lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger"
	15.	keep - maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger; "May God keep you" preserve protect - shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage; "Weatherbeater protects your roof from the rain" keep - look after; be the keeper of; have charge of; "He keeps the shop when I am gone"
	16.	keep - raise; "She keeps a few chickens in the yard"; "he keeps bees" farm, produce, raise, grow - cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" herd - keep, move, or drive animals; "Who will be herding the cattle when the cowboy dies?"
	17.	keep - retain rights to; "keep my job for me while I give birth"; "keep my seat, please"; "keep open the possibility of a merger" hold open, keep open, save keep, hold on - retain possession of; "Can I keep my old stuffed animals?"; "She kept her maiden name after she married" book, reserve, hold - arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance; "reserve me a seat on a flight"; "The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family"; "please hold a table at Maxim's"
	18.	keep - store or keep customarily; "Where do you keep your gardening tools?" keep - have as a supply; "I always keep batteries in the freezer"; "keep food for a week in the pantry"; "She keeps a sixpack and a week's worth of supplies in the refrigerator" store - find a place for and put away for storage; "where should we stow the vegetables?"; "I couldn't store all the books in the attic so I sold some"
	19.	keep - have as a supply; "I always keep batteries in the freezer"; "keep food for a week in the pantry"; "She keeps a sixpack and a week's worth of supplies in the refrigerator" have, have got, hold - have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; "She has $1,000 in the bank"; "He has got two beautiful daughters"; "She holds a Master's degree from Harvard" keep - store or keep customarily; "Where do you keep your gardening tools?"
	20.	keep - maintain for use and service; "I keep a car in the countryside"; "She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips" maintain have, have got, hold - have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; "She has $1,000 in the bank"; "He has got two beautiful daughters"; "She holds a Master's degree from Harvard"
	21.	keep - hold and prevent from leaving; "The student was kept after school" prevent, keep - stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state; "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"; "Keep the child from eating the marbles" detain, confine - deprive of freedom; take into confinement
	22.	keep - prevent (food) from rotting; "preserved meats"; "keep potatoes fresh" preserve freeze-dry - preserve by rapid freezing and subsequently drying in a vacuum; "freeze-dry the strawberries" conserve - preserve with sugar; "Mom always conserved the strawberries we grew in the backyard" dehydrate, desiccate - preserve by removing all water and liquids from; "carry dehydrated food on your camping trip" pickle - preserve in a pickling liquid salt - preserve with salt; "people used to salt meats on ships" can, tin, put up - preserve in a can or tin; "tinned foods are not very tasty" refrigerate - preserve by chilling; "many foods must be refrigerated or else they will spoil" cure - prepare by drying, salting, or chemical processing in order to preserve; "cure meats"; "cure pickles"; "cure hay" corn - preserve with salt; "corned beef" ready, prepare, cook, fix, make - prepare for eating by applying heat; "Cook me dinner, please"; "can you make me an omelette?"; "fix breakfast for the guests, please" stay fresh, keep - fail to spoil or rot; "These potatoes keep for a long time"

keep¹

verb

1. remain, stay, continue to be, go on being, carry on being Keeping cool out here requires cold drinks plus a hat.

2. (usually with from) prevent, hold back, deter, inhibit, block, stall, restrain, hamstring, hamper, withhold, hinder, retard, impede, shackle, keep back Embarrassment has kept me from doing all sorts of things.

3. (sometimes with on) continue, go on, carry on, persist in, persevere in, remain I turned back after a while, but he kept walking.

4. hold on to, maintain, retain, keep possession of, save, preserve, nurture, cherish, conserve We want to keep as many players as we can.
hold on to retain, lose, give up, abandon, discard

5. store, put, place, house, hold, deposit, pile, stack, heap, amass, stow She kept her money under the mattress.

6. carry, stock, have, hold, sell, supply, handle, trade in, deal in The shop keeps specialised books on various aspects of the collection.

7. comply with, carry out, honour, fulfil, hold, follow, mind, respect, observe, respond to, embrace, execute, obey, heed, conform to, adhere to, abide by, act upon I'm hoping you'll keep your promise to come for a long visit.
comply with ignore, disregard

8. record, report, write, document, log, chronicle, take down, set down Eleanor began to keep a diary.

9. support, maintain, sustain, provide for, mind, fund, board, finance, feed, look after, foster, shelter, care for, take care of, nurture, safeguard, cherish, nourish, subsidize She could just about afford to keep her five kids.

10. raise, own, maintain, tend, farm, breed, look after, rear, care for, bring up, nurture, nourish This mad writer kept a lobster as a pet.

11. manage, run, administer, be in charge (of), rule, direct, handle, govern, oversee, supervise, preside over, superintend His father kept a village shop.

12. delay, detain, hinder, impede, stop, limit, check, arrest, curb, constrain, obstruct, retard, set back `Sorry to keep you, Jack.'
delay detain, free, release, liberate

13. stay fresh, be suitable, be safe to eat, remain flavoursome Whatever is left over will keep for 2-3 weeks.

14. associate with, mix with, mingle with, hang out with (informal), hang with (informal, chiefly U.S.), be friends with, consort with, run around with (informal), hobnob with, socialize with, hang about with, fraternize with I don't like the company you keep.

15. honour, mark, respect, celebrate, observe, acknowledge, recognize, commemorate, ritualize, solemnize, perform My father never kept the Sabbath and I never did either.

noun

1. board, food, maintenance, upkeep, means, living, support, nurture, livelihood, subsistence, kai (N.Z. informal), nourishment, sustenance I need to give my parents money for my keep.

for keeps (Informal) forever, permanent, for all time, for always, for evermore, for good and all (informal), till the cows come home (informal), till the end of time, till Doomsday Whatever you gain now will be for keeps.

keep at it persist with it, continue, carry on, keep going, stick with it, stay with it, be steadfast, grind it out, persevere with it, remain with it `Keep at it!' Thade encouraged me.

keep away stay away, hold back, stand back, rest away, wait away Keep away from the doors while the train is moving.

keep off something avoid, steer clear of, dodge, get away from, shun, eschew, sidestep, shirk from I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods.

keep on about something go on about, go on and on about, ramble on about, rant on about, talk constantly about He kept on about me being `defensive'.

keep on at someone nag, badger, pester, hassle (informal), harry, provoke, plague, harass, berate, bend someone's ear (informal), be on your back (slang), henpeck She kept on at him to get some qualifications.

keep someone down oppress, burden, depress, harass, dispirit, take the heart out of No matter what a woman tries to do, there is some barrier to keep her down.

keep something back

1. hold back, hold, save, set aside, husband, store, retain, preserve, withhold, hang on to, conserve, stockpile, hoard, lay up, put by Roughly chop the vegetables, and keep back a few for decoration.

2. suppress, hide, reserve, conceal, restrain, cover up, withhold, stifle, censor, repress, smother, muffle, muzzle, keep something under your hat Neither of them is telling the whole truth. They're both keeping something back.

3. restrain, control, limit, check, delay, restrict, curb, prohibit, withhold, hold back, constrain, retard, keep a tight rein on I can no longer keep back my tears.

keep something down restrict, limit, check, curb, fix, specify, restrain, demarcate, delimit The prime aim is to keep inflation down.

keep something from someone hide something, keep someone in the dark, conceal something, mask something, keep something secret, obscure something She knew that Gabriel was keeping something from her.

keep something up

1. continue, make, maintain, carry on, persist in, persevere with They can no longer keep up the repayments.

2. maintain, sustain, uphold, perpetuate, retain, preserve, prolong keeping up the pressure against the government

keep to something observe, follow, obey, stick to, respect, honour, mind, comply with, heed, conform to, adhere to, abide by Keep to the speed limit.

keep up keep pace, match, compete, contend, emulate, persevere Things are changing so fast, it's hard to keep up.

keep²

noun tower, castle, stronghold, dungeon, citadel, fastness, donjon the parts of the keep open to visitors

Translations

keep [kiːp] (kept (vb: pt, pp))

A. TRANSITIVE VERB

When keep is part of a set combination, eg to keep an appointment. to keep a promise, to keep one's seat, look up the noun.

1. (= retain) [+ change, copy] → quedarse con; [+ receipt] → guardar; [+ business, customer, colour] → conservar
you must keep the receipt → debe guardar el recibo
you can keep the change → quédese con la vuelta or (LAm) el vuelto
is this jacket worth keeping? → ¿merece la pena guardar esta chaqueta?
he is to keep his job in spite of the incident → va a mantener or conservar el trabajo a pesar del incidente
this material will keep its colour/softness → este material conservará su color/suavidad
to keep sth for o.s → quedarse con algo
if this is fashion, you can keep it! → ¡si esto es moda no la quiero ni regalada!

2. (= save, put aside) → guardar, reservar
I'm keeping this wine in case we have visitors → voy a guardar or reservar este vino por si tenemos visitas
ask the shop to keep you one → pide en la tienda que te reserven uno
I was keeping it for you → lo guardaba para ti

3. (= have ready) I always keep a torch in the car → siempre tengo una linterna en el coche
keep this by you in case of emergencies → guárdate eso para un caso de emergencia

4. (= store, put) (gen) → guardar; (in museum) → conservar
where do you keep the sugar? → ¿dónde guardas el azúcar?
keep it somewhere safe → guárdalo en un sitio seguro
you must keep it in a cold place → debes conservarlo en un sitio fresco

5. (= house) the puppies were kept in cramped conditions → tenían a los cachorros hacinados
the tarantulas were kept in cages → las tarántulas estaban metidas en jaulas
the prisoners were kept in a dark room → los prisioneros estaban encerrados en una habitación oscura
he keeps his wives in separate houses → tiene a sus mujeres alojadas en casas separadas

6. (= detain) → tener
keep him in bed for a couple of days → tenlo en cama un par de días
to keep sb in prison → tener a algn preso
he was kept in hospital over night → lo tuvieron una noche en el hospital, le hicieron pasar la noche en el hospital
illness kept her at home → la enfermedad no le permitió salir de casa
to keep sb doing sth → tener a algn haciendo algo

7. (= delay) → entretener
I mustn't keep you → no quiero entretenerte
don't let me keep you → no le entretengo más
what kept you? → ¿por qué te has retrasado?
am I keeping you from your work? → quizá tienes trabajo y yo te estoy entreteniendo

8. (= have) [+ shop, hotel, house, servant] → tener; [+ pigs, bees, chickens] → criar
he keeps a good cellar → tiene una buena bodega

9. (= stock) → tener
we don't keep that model any more → ya no tenemos ese modelo

10. (= support) [+ family, mistress] → mantener
to keep o.s → mantenerse
the extra money keeps me in beer and cigarettes → el dinero extra me da para(comprar)cerveza y cigarrillos
our garden keeps us in vegetables all summer → el huerto nos da suficientes verduras para todo el verano

11. (= fulfil, observe) [+ promise, agreement, obligation] → cumplir; [+ law, rule] → observar; [+ appointment] → acudir a, ir a; [+ feast day] → observar
to keep the Sabbath → observar el sábado judío

12. (= not divulge)
to keep sth from sb → ocultar algo a algn
keep it quiet → de esto no digas ni una palabra
keep it to yourself → no se lo digas a nadie
but he kept the news to himself → pero se guardó la noticia, pero no comunicó la noticia a nadie

13. (= maintain)

13.1. [+ accounts] → llevar; [+ diary] → escribir
to keep a record of sth → llevar nota de algo

13.2. WITH ADJECTIVE → mantener; (less formal) → tener
"keep Britain tidy" → mantenga limpia Gran Bretaña
to keep sth clean → conservar or mantener algo limpio; (less formal) → tener algo limpio
she always keeps the house very clean → tiene la casa siempre muy limpia
to keep o.s. clean → no ensuciarse, mantenerse limpio
cats keep themselves clean → los gatos son muy limpios
exercise keeps you fit → haciendo ejercicio te mantienes en forma
keep the sauce hot (in recipe book) → mantener la salsa caliente
I'll keep your supper hot → te guardaré la comida caliente
to keep inflation as low as possible → mantener la inflación tan baja como sea posible
to keep sth safe → guardar algo bien, guardar algo en un lugar seguro
try to keep your head still → intenta no mover la cabeza
to keep sth warm → mantener algo caliente
the garden is well kept → el jardín está muy bien cuidado
see also fixed A3
see also happy A3
see also post B4

13.3. + -ING to keep the engine running → dejar el motor en marcha
to keep sb talking → entretener a algn hablando
keep him talking while I → entretenlo hablando mientras yo ...
to keep sb waiting → hacer esperar a algn
he kept them working all night → los tuvo trabajando toda la noche
see also go A24

14. (= hold)
to keep sb at it → obligar a algn a seguir trabajando
I'll keep you to your promise → haré que cumplas tu promesa
see also counsel A1

15. (= prevent)
to keep sb from doing sth → impedir que algn haga algo
what can we do to keep it from happening again → ¿qué podemos hacer para evitar que se repita?
to keep o.s. from doing sth → contener las ganas de hacer algo, aguantarse de hacer algo

16. (o.f.) (= guard, protect) → guardar
God keep you! → ¡Dios te guarde!

17. to keep o.s. to o.s. → guardar las distancias

B. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1. (= remain)

1.1. WITH ADJECTIVE
try to keep calm → intenta mantener la calma
to keep fit → mantenerse en forma
it will keep fresh for weeks → se conservará fresco durante semanas
to keep healthy → mantenerse sano
keep very quiet → no hagas nada de ruido
you must keep still → tienes que estarte or quedarte muy quieto
to keep together → no separarse
he was jumping up and down to keep warm → estaba dando saltos para mantener el calor

1.2. WITH PREPOSITION/ADVERB keep in the left lane → sigue por el carril de la izquierda
she kept inside for three days → no salió en tres días

2. to keep doing sth

2.1. (= continue) → seguir haciendo algo
he kept walking → siguió caminando
I keep hoping she'll come back → sigo esperando que vuelva
you must keep moving → no pares
keep smiling! → ¡no te desanimes!
keep going! → ¡no pares!

2.2. (= do repeatedly) → no hacer más que hacer algo
he keeps mentioning his uncle → no hace más que mencionar a su tío
I keep thinking I'll wake up in a minute → no hago más que pensar que es todo un sueño
she keeps bursting into tears → está todo el tiempo echándose a llorar
he kept interrupting us → no paraba de interrumpirnos
I keep forgetting to pay the gas bill → siempre se me olvida pagar la factura del gas
you mustn't keep looking at your watch → no debes estar todo el tiempo mirando al reloj

3. (in directions) (= continue) → seguir
to keep straight on → seguir todo recto or derecho
keep due north until you come to → siga en dirección norte hasta que llegue a ...
"keep left" → circule por la izquierda

4. (= not go off) [food] → conservarse fresco, conservarse bien
fish doesn't keep very well → el pescado no se conserva muy bien
an apple that keeps → una manzana que se conserva bien

5. (= wait) → esperar
the news will keep till I see you → la noticia puede esperar hasta que nos veamos
it can keep → puede esperar

6. (talking about health) how are you keeping? → ¿qué tal(estás)?(Sp) , ¿como or qué tal te va?, ¿cómo sigues?(LAm) , ¿qué hubo?(Mex, Chile)
he's not keeping very well → no está muy bien de salud
she's keeping better → está mejor, se encuentra mejor

7. (= avoid)
to keep from doing sth → evitar hacer algo; (= abstain from) → abstenerse de hacer algo

C. NOUN

1. (= livelihood, food) I got £30 a week and my keep → me daban 30 libras a la semana y comida y cama
I pay £50 a week for my keep → la pensión me cuesta 50 libras a la semana
to earn one's keep → ganarse el sustento (fig) → justificar el gasto
in a poem every word must earn its keep → en un poema cada palabra debe estar justificada

2. (Archit) → torreón m, torre f del homenaje

3. (= permanently) for keeps → para siempre

keep ahead VI + ADV (in market) → mantenerse al frente; (in race) → mantenerse en cabeza
to keep ahead of sb (in market, race) → mantenerse por delante de algn

keep at

A. VI + PREP

1. to keep at sth (= persevere with) → perseverar en algo
despite his problems he kept at his studies → a pesar de sus problemas siguió perseverando en los estudios
keep at it! → ¡ánimo!, ¡no te aflojes!(LAm)

2. to keep at sb: she kept at him until she got an interview (= pester) → no paró hasta que le concedió una entrevista
I kept at them until they paid → seguí insistiendo hasta que me pagaron

B. VT + PREP he wanted to rest but I kept him at it until he had run an extra 100 metres → quería parar a descansar pero seguí animándole y corrió otros 100 metros

keep away

A. VT + ADV → mantener alejado, mantener a distancia
the police kept the crowds away → la policía mantuvo a la multitud alejada or a distancia
keep him away! → ¡que no se acerque!
vitamin C helps keep colds away → la vitamina C ayuda a no pillar resfriados
to keep sb away from sb/sth → mantener a algn alejado de algn/algo
they kept him away from school (= stopped him going) → no le dejaron ir al colegio; (because ill) → no lo llevaron al colegio, lo tuvieron en casa
keep medicines away from children → mantener los medicamentos fuera del alcance de los niños

B. VI + ADV → no acercarse
keep away! → ¡no te acerques!
keep away from the fire → no te acerques al fuego
he promised to keep away from drink → prometió no tocar la bebida
he seems to be keeping away from me → parece que me evita
you keep away from my daughter! → ¡no te vuelvas a acercar a mi hija!
he can't keep away from the subject → siempre vuelve al mismo tema

keep back

A. VT + ADV

1. (= contain) [+ crowds] → contener; [+ enemy] → no dejar avanzar, tener a raya

2. (= withhold) [+ part of sth given] → guardar, quedarse con
keep back some of the parsley to garnish → guárdate parte del perejil para adornar

3. (= restrain) [+ tears] → contener, reprimir

4. (= conceal) [+ names of victims] → no comunicar
to keep sth back from sb → ocultar algo a algn
I'm sure he's keeping sth back → estoy segura de que oculta algo

5. (= delay) [+ person] → retrasar
I don't want to keep you back → no quiero retrasarte
he had been kept back after school → le habían hecho quedarse después del colegio

B. VI + ADV keep back, please! → ¡no se acerquen, por favor!
keep well back from the bonfire → no te acerques a la fogata
I kept well back → me mantuve bien alejado

keep down

A. VT + ADV

1. (= not raise) she kept her eyes down → no levantó los ojos
keep your head down or you'll get shot → no levantes la cabeza o te dispararán
you'll have to keep your head down for 48 hours (fig) → tendrás que mantener al margen durante 48 horas
see also head A1, A2

2. (= control) [+ anger, rebellion] → contener, reprimir; [+ weeds] → no dejar crecer; [+ dog] → sujetar

3. (= limit) [+ prices, spending, temperature] → mantener bajo; [+ costs, inflation] → mantener al mismo nivel
could you keep the noise down? → ¿puedes hacer menos ruido?
you must try to keep your weight down → tienes que intentar no subir de peso

4. (= hold back)

4.1. → oprimir
it's just a way to keep women down → es sólo una forma de oprimir a las mujeres
you can't keep a good man down → los buenos siempre vuelven

4.2. (Scol) he was kept down another year → tuvo que repetir(año)

5. (= oppress) [+ spirits] → oprimir

6. (= retain) [+ food] he can't keep anything down → lo devuelve or vomita todo

B. VI + ADV → seguir agachado, no levantar la cabeza

keep in

A. VT + ADV

1. (= prevent from going out) → impedir que salga, no dejar salir
to keep a child in after school → dejar a un niño castigado después de las clases

2. (= hold in) [+ stomach] → meter; [+ elbows] → pegar al cuerpo; [+ anger] → contener
keep your tummy in! → ¡mete estómago!

3. (= keep alight) [+ fire] → mantener encendido
see also hand A10

B. VI + ADV

1. [fire] → mantenerse encendido

2. to keep in with sb → mantener buenas relaciones con algn

keep off

A. VT + ADV (= keep distant, repel) put a cloth over it to keep the flies off → pon un trapo encima para que no se posen las moscas
he kept his hat off → no se puso el sombrero
keep your hands off! → ¡no toques!

B. VT + PREP

1. (= keep away from) keep your dog off my lawn → no deje que el perro me pise el césped
keep your feet off the grass → no pises la hierba
keep your hands off my daughter → no toques a mi hija
they want to keep young people off the streets → quieren evitar que los jóvenes pierdan el tiempo vagabundeando por las calles
measures to keep people off the unemployment register → medidas para que la gente no entre en las listas del paro
he couldn't keep his eyes off her → no podía apartar los ojos de ella

2. (= prevent from consuming) I've been told to keep him off processed foods → me han dicho que no le de alimentos procesados
keep her off cheese for the next 10 days → que no tome queso durante los próximos 10 días

3. (= steer away from) to keep sb off a subject → evitar que algn toque un tema
try to keep him off the subject of budgets → intenta que no toque el tema de los presupuestos

C. VI + PREP

1. (= stay away from) keep off my land! → ¡fuera de mi propiedad!
"keep off the grass" → prohibido pisar el césped

2. (fig) [+ food, subject] → evitar
keep off politics! → ¡no hables de política!

D. VI + ADV if the rain keeps off → si no llueve

keep on

A. VT + ADV

1. (= not take off) [+ hat, coat, gloves] → no quitarse

2. (= not turn off) [+ light] → dejar encendido, dejar prendido(LAm)

3. (= retain) [+ house] → conservar

4. (= continue employing) they kept him on for years → siguieron empleándole durante muchos años
see also hair A1

B. VT + PREP (= restrict to) keep him on light foods for the next few days → que sólo tome alimentos ligeros en los próximos días
he was kept on bread and water for three days → durante tres días sólo le dieron pan y agua, le tuvieron a pan y agua durante tres días

C. VI + ADV

1. (= continue) → seguir, continuar
to keep on doing sth (ceaselessly) → seguir or continuar haciendo algo; (repeatedly) → no dejar de hacer algo
he keeps on hoping → no pierde la esperanza → sigue teniendo esperanzas
keep on along this road until → siga por esta carretera hasta ...
he keeps on ringing me up → no deja de llamarme por teléfono
she keeps on having migraines → tiene contínuos ataques de migraña

2. (= talk) she does keep on → no para de hablar
she keeps on about how much money they've got → no hace mas que hablar or siempre está hablando de todo el dinero que tienen
he keeps on about her being stupid → no hace más que decir que es una estúpida

3. (= nag) she does keep on → es muy machacona
he kept on about me being selfish → siguió dale que te pego con que soy egoísta
she keeps on at me about my cheap clothes → siempre me está dando la lata con que llevo ropa barata
I kept on at him about the leaking tap → le dije una y otra vez lo del grifo que perdía agua
she keeps on at him to look for a job → le está siempre insistiendo que busque un trabajo

keep out

A. VT + ADV (= exclude) [+ person, dog] → no dejar entrar
we were kept out of the room → no nos dejaron entrar en la habitación
to keep sb out of trouble → evitar que algn se meta en líos
to keep sb out of the way → sacar a algn de en medio
this coat should keep out the cold → este abrigo tiene que proteger del frío
have some brandy to keep out the cold → tómate un coñac para entrar en calor
let's keep my mother's behaviour out of this! → no metamos lo del comportamiento de mi madre en esto
let's try to keep lawyers out of this → no nos metamos con abogados

B. VI + ADV (= not enter) → no entrar, quedarse fuera
please keep out of the hall until further notice → por favor no entren en el hall hasta nuevo aviso
"keep out" → prohibida la entrada
to keep out of trouble → no meterse en líos
to keep out of sb's way (= avoid) → evitar encontrarse con algn; (= try not to annoy) → procurar no molestar a algn
you keep out of this! → ¡no te metas en esto!

keep to

A. VI + PREP [+ promise] → cumplir con; [+ subject, schedule, text] → ceñirse a
to keep to the left/right → circular por la izquierda/derecha, mantenerse por la izquierda/derecha
to keep to the main roads → no salir de las carreteras principales
to keep to one's room → no salir de su habitación
to keep to one's bed → guardar cama
to keep to one's diet → no salirse de la dieta
they keep to themselves → guardan las distancias

B. VT + PREP
see keep A14

keep together

A. VT + ADV [+ team] → mantener unido; [+ papers, photographs] → mantener juntos
it has been hard to keep the team together → ha sido difícil mantener al equipo unido → ha sido difícil hacer que el equipo siguiese junto
we try to keep families together → intentamos mantener a las familias unidas

B. VI + ADV → no separarse
keep together, children → no os separéis, niños

keep under VT + ADV

1. (= oppress) [+ people, race] → mantener sometido

2. (= keep anaesthetized) [+ patient] → tener anestesiado

keep up

A. VT + ADV

1. (= hold up) [+ shelf] → sostener, sujetar; [+ stocking, trousers] → sujetar
to keep one's spirits or morale up → mantener la moral alta

2. (= continue) [+ tradition] → mantener; [+ correspondence, subscription, standards, pressure] → mantener; [+ payments] → no retrasarse en
keep up the good work! → ¡bien hecho!, ¡sigue así!, ¡síguele dando!(LAm)
keep it up! → ¡sigue así!, ¡ánimo!
he'll never keep it up! → ¡no va a poder seguir así!, ¡no aguanta!(LAm)
it's difficult to keep up a relationship when you're far apart → es difícil mantener una relación cuando se está alejado uno del otro

3. (= maintain) [+ property] → cuidar, mantener(en buenas condiciones); [+ payments] → no retrasarse en
you must try to keep up your German → deberías intentar seguir con el alemán

4. (= keep out of bed) → tener despierto hasta muy tarde, tener en vela, tener desvelado(LAm)
I don't want to keep you up → no quiero entretenerte más

B. VI + ADV

1. (= continue) [weather] → seguir, mantenerse

2. (= maintain level) (in race etc) → mantener el ritmo, no quedarse atrás; (in comprehension) → seguir(el hilo)
share prices have kept up well → los precios de las acciones se han mantenido bien
to keep up with sb (in race) → seguirle el ritmo a algn; (in comprehension) → seguirle el hilo a algn
to keep up with the class (Scol, Univ) → mantenerse al nivel del resto de la clase
it's important to keep up with your languages → es importante que mantengas el nivel de los idiomas
to keep up with the times → ir con los tiempos, mantenerse al día
I try to keep up with the news/with current affairs → intento estar al día de las noticias/los temas de actualidad
to keep up with demand → responder a la demanda
wage increases have kept up with inflation → las subidas salariales se han mantenido al nivel de la inflación
to keep up with the Joneses → no ser menos que el vecino

keep [ˈkiːp]

vb [kept] (pt, pp)

(= retain) → conserver, garder
Make sure you always keep your receipts → Assurez-vous de toujours conserver vos reçus., Assurez-vous de toujours garder vos reçus.
She would probably not be able to keep her job → Elle ne parviendrait probablement pas à conserver son travail., Elle ne parviendrait probablement pas à garder son travail.
You can keep it → Tu peux le garder.

(= store) → ranger

[+ head, hand, foot, eyes] → garder
He kept his hands in his pockets → Il gardait ses mains dans ses poches.
I kept my eyes closed → Je gardais les yeux fermés.
I kept my eyes on the ground → Je gardais les yeux fixés sur le sol.

(= delay) → retenir
What kept you? → Qu'est-ce qui t'as retenu?

[+ shop] → tenir
My aunt kept a sweetshop → Ma tante tient une confiserie.

[+ diary] → tenir

to keep a record of sth → enregistrer qch
We keep a record of the totals → Nous enregistrons les totaux.

(= feed) [+ one's family] → faire vivre, assurer la subsistance de
He doesn't earn enough to keep his family → Il ne gagne pas assez pour faire vivre sa famille.
to keep o.s. → assurer sa propre subsistance
He earns just enough to keep himself and his children → Il gagne juste assez pour assurer sa propre subsistance et celle de ses enfants.

[+ promise] → tenir
I always keep my promises → je tiens toujours mes promesses
to keep one's word → tenir parole
I always keep my word → je tiens toujours parole

to keep an appointment → être présent à un rendez-vous, venir à un rendez-vous
I won't be able to keep my appointment for this afternoon → Je ne pourrai pas être présent à notre rendez-vous de cet après-midi., Je ne pourrai pas venir à notre rendez-vous de cet après-midi.

[+ secret] → garder
Can you keep a secret? → Peux-tu garder un secret?
to keep sth to o.s. → garder qch pour soi
Keep this to yourself → Garde ça pour toi.
Keep it to yourself, it's meant to be a surprise → Garde ça pour toi, c'est censé être une surprise.
to keep sth from sb → cacher qch à qn

to keep o.s. to o.s. (= isolate o.s.) [loner] → rechercher la solitude

[+ chickens, bees, pigs] → élever

(with adjectives) → maintenir
We must keep the cable taut → Nous devons maintenir le câble tendu.
Keep your back straight
BUT Tiens-toi droit.
to keep a place clean → maintenir un endroit propre
to keep a room tidy → maintenir une pièce en ordre
to keep sth to a minimum → réduire qch au minimum
Keep costs to a minimum → Réduisez les coûts au minimum., Maintenez les coûts au plus bas.
to keep sb happy (= please) → faire plaisir à qn

(with gerund) to keep sb waiting → faire attendre qn
Sorry to have kept you waiting → Désolé de vous avoir fait attendre.

(= prevent) to keep sb/sth from doing sth → empêcher qn/qch de faire qch
to keep sth from happening → empêcher que qch n'arrive, empêcher que qch arrive
to keep sth from happening again → empêcher que qch ne se reproduise, empêcher que qch se reproduise
Maybe that will help us to keep it from happening again → Voilà qui nous aidera peut-être à empêcher que cela ne se reproduise.

to keep good time [clock, watch] → être juste

[food] → se conserver

(= remain) (in a certain state or place) → rester
Keep still! → Reste tranquille!
Keep quiet!
BUT Tais-toi!.
to keep warm → se réchauffer
It's not always easy to keep warm → Ce n'est pas toujours facile de se réchauffer.
to keep busy → s'occuper
I prefer to keep busy → Je préfère m'occuper.

how are you keeping? (= how are you) → comment tu te portes?

to keep doing sth (= continue) → continuer à faire qch
Keep walking until you come to the bridge → Continuez à marcher jusqu'à ce que vous arriviez au pont. (= do time after time) → faire qch tout le temps
I keep forgetting my keys → J'oublie tout le temps mes clés.
I keep making the same mistake → Je fais tout le temps la même erreur. (= be unable to stop)
Since I read it, I keep thinking about it → Depuis que je l'ai lu, je n'arrête pas d'y penser.
to keep going (= persevere) → continuer à aller de l'avant
The only way you keep going is to develop the right frame of mind → La seule façon de continuer à aller de l'avant est d'adopter le bon état d'esprit.

to keep from doing sth (= prevent o.s.) → s'empêcher de faire qch
She bit her lip to keep from crying → Elle se mordit la lèvre pour s'empêcher de pleurer.

[castle] → donjon m

(= food) enough for his keep → assez pour (assurer) sa subsistance
I need to give my parents money for my keep → Je dois donner à mes parents une participation aux frais de nourriture.

keep at

vt
to keep at it (= continue trying) → persévérer
It may take a number of attempts, but it is worth keeping at it → Plusieurs tentatives seront peut-être nécessaires mais cela vaut la peine de persévérer.

keep away

[+ visitors, tourists] → faire fuir, éloigner
The rain is keeping visitors away → La pluie fait fuir les touristes.
to keep sb away from sth [+ place] → éloigner qn de qch
It's impossible to keep fans away from the flat → Il est impossible d'éloigner les fans de l'appartement.

[+ pest, danger] → éloigner, maintenir à l'écart
an electrical field to keep sharks away → un champ électrique pour éloigner les requins, un champ électrique pour maintenir les requins à l'écart
to keep sb away from sth [+ danger, drugs, temptation] → tenir qn à l'écart de qch
to keep sb away from sb [+ dangerous person] → tenir qn éloigné de qn
to keep sth away from sth [+ object] → tenir qch à l'écart de qch; [+ animals, pests] → maintenir à l'écart de qch
Keep animals away from the kitchen → Maintenez les animaux à l'écart de la cuisine.

vi (gen) → se tenir à l'écart; (from dangerous thing) → ne pas s'approcher, se tenir à distance
Keep away! → N'approchez pas!
to keep away from sth [+ place] → se tenir à distance de qch; [+ drugs, temptation] → se tenir à l'écart de qch; [+ fire, dangerous area] → se tenir à distance de qch
They kept away from the forest → Ils se tenaient à distance de la forêt.
Keep away from central London → Évitez le centre de Londres., Tenez vous à distance du centre de Londres.
to keep away from temptation → ne pas s'exposer à la tentation

keep back

(= hold back) [+ crowds, tears] → retenir

(= reserve) [+ money] → conserver, garder
Keep back enough juice to make the sauce → Conservez assez de jus pour pouvoir faire la sauce.

[+ information] → cacher
I can't help feeling he's keeping something back → Je ne peux m'empêcher de penser qu'il cache quelque chose.

vi → rester à distance
Keep back or I'll shoot → Restez à distance ou je tire.

keep down

(= control) [+ prices, spending, unemployment, inflation] → maintenir au plus bas; [+ noise] → maintenir à un niveau acceptable
We must try and keep costs down → Nous devons essayer de maintenir les coûts au plus bas.

(in stomach) [+ food] → garder

to keep one's head down → garder la tête basse

[person] → se baisser, rester baissé

keep in

(= keep in house) [+ invalid, child] → garder à la maison
They kept her in hospital overnight → Ils l'ont gardée à l'hôpital pour la nuit.

[+ schoolchild] (as punishment) → coller, consigner (old-fashioned)

to keep in with sb → rester en bons termes avec qn

keep off

(= protect from) [+ dust, insects] → protéger de; [+ rain] → abriter de
At least it will keep the rain off → Au moins, ça nous abritera de la pluie.
Cover them with plastic bags to keep the dust off → Couvre-les avec des sacs en plastique pour les abriter de la poussière.

keep your hands off! → bas les pattes!
"keep off the grass" → "pelouse interdite"
to keep sb/sth off sth [+ animal, child] → empêcher qn/qch d'aller quelque part
Keep your dog off my lawn! → Empêchez votre chien d'aller sur ma pelouse!
to keep sb off sth → interdire à qn l'accès à qch, empêcher qn d'aller quelque part
You have no right to keep people off your land → Vous n'avez aucun droit d'interdire aux gens l'accès à vos terres., Vous n'avez aucun droit d'empêcher les gens d'aller sur vos terres.

vi [rain]
Luckily the rain kept off → Par chance, la pluie n'a fait que menacer.

keep on

vi → continuer
to keep on doing sth (= continue to do) → continuer à faire qch
He kept on reading → Il a continué à lire. (= do time after time) → ne pas arrêter de faire quelque chose
The car keeps on breaking down → La voiture n'arrête pas de tomber en panne.

keep out

[+ intruders, terrorists] → empêcher d'entrer

[+ draughts, wind] → empêcher d'entrer

to keep out of trouble → rester dans le droit chemin

vi → rester en dehors
Keep out of this! → Reste en dehors de tout ça!
"keep out" → "défense d'entrer"

keep to

[+ agreement, rule, plan] → respecter
He didn't keep to our agreement → Il n'a pas respecté notre accord.
You've got to keep to the speed limit → Vous devez respecter la limitation de vitesse.

[+ path, road] → rester sur

keep up

(= match pace of walker, vehicle) → arriver à suivre
Matthew walks so fast I can't keep up → Matthew marche tellement vite que je n'arrive pas à suivre.
Wait for me. I can't keep up → Attends-moi, je n'arrive pas à suivre.
to keep up with sb (in race, when walking) → se maintenir à la hauteur de qn
She had to hurry to keep up with me → Elle devait se dépêcher pour se maintenir à ma hauteur.

[student] (in class) → suivre
to keep up with [+ classmates] → se maintenir au niveau de
I can't keep up with the rest of the class → Je n'arrive pas à me maintenir au niveau du reste de la classe.

[wages, pensions] → suivre
Inflation is high but our pensions aren't keeping up → L'inflation est élevée mais nos retraites ne suivent pas.
to keep up with sth (= match level of) → se maintenir au niveau de qch
to keep up with demand → faire face à la demande
Supermarkets can barely keep up with demand → Les supermarchés peuvent tout juste faire face à la demande.
to keep up with inflation [wages, pensions] → s'aligner sur l'inflation

to keep up with sth (= keep abreast of) [+ news, events] → se tenir au courant de qch

(= maintain) [+ standards] → conserver
It's important to keep up our standards → Il est important de conserver nos exigences de qualité.
to keep up appearances → sauver les apparences
They haven't so much money now but are desperately trying to keep up appearances → Ils n'ont plus beaucoup d'argent aujourd'hui mais ils essaient désespérément de sauver les apparences.

[+ payments] → continuer à s'acquitter de

(= prevent from going to bed) → tenir éveillé
We were kept up by the noise from next door → Le bruit dans l'appartement d'à côté nous a tenu éveillés.

Well done, keep it up! → C'est bien, continue!

keep vb: pret, ptp <kept>

When keep is part of a set combination, e.g. keep in mind, keep house, keep goal etc, look up the noun. For combinations of keep with adverbs and prepositions, e.g. keep in, keep on, keep up etc, see also the phrasal verbs section.

TRANSITIVE VERB

= retain → behalten; you can keep this book → du kannst dieses Buch behalten; I can’t keep that number in my head → ich kann die Nummer nicht behalten, ich kann mir die Nummer nicht merken; he wanted to keep the dog for another week → er wollte den Hund noch eine Woche (bei sich) behalten; to keep a place for somebody → einen Platz für jdn frei halten; to keep one’s place in a book → sich (dat) → die Stelle im Buch markieren; to keep a note of something → sich (dat) → etw notieren; to keep one’s temper → sich beherrschen; to keep a grip on something (fig) → etw unter Kontrolle halten; you can keep it! (inf) → das kannst du behalten or dir an den Hut stecken (inf)

= maintain in a certain state, place etc → halten; to keep somebody at work → jdn bei der Arbeit halten; he kept his hands in his pockets → er hat die Hände in der Tasche gelassen; to keep good health → sich guter Gesundheit erfreuen; the garden was well kept → der Garten war (gut) gepflegt
? to keep sb/sth doing sth to keep somebody waiting → jdn warten lassen; keep her thinking that … → lassen Sie sie in dem Glauben, dass …; can’t you keep him talking? → können Sie ihn nicht in ein Gespräch verwickeln?; to keep the traffic moving → den Verkehr in Fluss or am Fließen halten; to keep a machine running → eine Maschine laufen lassen; to keep the conversation going → das Gespräch in Gang halten; keep it going! (Brit) → leg dich ins Zeug! (inf), → gib alles! (inf)
? to keep sb/sth + ADJ to keep one’s dress clean → sein Kleid nicht schmutzig machen; to keep somebody quiet → zusehen or dafür sorgen, dass jd still ist; that’ll keep them quiet for a while → das wird für eine Weile Ruhe schaffen; just to keep her happy → damit sie zufrieden ist; to keep somebody alive → jdn am Leben halten; to keep oneself busy → sich selbst beschäftigen; to keep oneself warm → sich warm halten

= have in a certain place, look after → aufbewahren; where does he keep his money? → wo bewahrt er sein Geld auf?; where do you keep your spoons? → wo sind die Löffel?

= put aside → aufheben; I’ve been keeping it for you → ich habe es für Sie aufgehoben; I’m keeping the best ones for Christmas → die besten hebe ich für Weihnachten auf

= detain → aufhalten, zurückhalten; I mustn’t keep you → ich will Sie nicht aufhalten; what kept you? → wo waren Sie denn so lang?; what’s keeping him? → wo bleibt er denn?; to keep somebody prisoner → jdn gefangen halten; to keep somebody in prison → jdn in Haft halten; they kept him in hospital over night → sie haben ihn über Nacht im Krankenhaus behalten; it kept her in bed for a week → sie musste deswegen eine Woche im Bett bleiben

= have, look after shop, hotel, restaurant → haben, unterhalten, führen; bees, pigs etc → halten; to keep servants → sich (dat) → Diener halten; he keeps an excellent cellar → er hat einen ausgezeichneten Weinkeller
? to keep sb in sth to keep somebody in clothes (person) → für jds Kleidung sorgen; I couldn’t afford to keep you in drink → ich könnte deine Getränke nicht bezahlen

= support → versorgen, unterhalten; I earn enough to keep myself → ich verdiene genug für mich (selbst) zum Leben; I have six children to keep → ich habe sechs Kinder zu unterhalten; he keeps a mistress → er hält sich (dat) → eine Geliebte

= be faithful to, observe promise → halten; law, rule → einhalten, befolgen; treaty → einhalten; obligations → nachkommen (+dat), → erfüllen; appointment → einhalten; to keep a vow → einen Schwur halten, ein Gelübde erfüllen; to keep Lent/the Sabbath → das Fasten/die Sonntagsruhe or den Sabbat (ein)halten; to keep late hours → lange aufbleiben

= guard, protect → (be)hüten; sheep etc → hüten, aufpassen auf (+acc); God keep you! (old) → Gott befohlen! (old) ? keep from VT b

accounts, diary etc → führen (→ of über +acc)

Comm = stock → führen, (zu verkaufen) haben

US = continue to follow road, path → weitergehen or -fahren, folgen (+dat); direction → einhalten; to keep one’s course → (den) Kurs (ein)halten

US = remain in to keep one’s room → auf seinem Zimmer bleiben; to keep one’s seat → sitzen bleiben

INTRANSITIVE VERB

= continue in a specified direction to keep (to the) left/right → sich links/rechts halten; to keep to the left (Aut) → auf der linken Seite bleiben, links fahren; to keep to the middle of the road → immer in der Mitte der Straße fahren; keep on this road → bleiben Sie auf dieser Straße; keep north → gehen/fahren Sie immer Richtung Norden

= remain in a certain state, position → bleiben
? to keep + ADJ to keep fit → fit bleiben, sich in Form halten; to keep quiet → still sein; to keep silent → schweigen; to keep calm → ruhig bleiben, Ruhe bewahren
? to keep doing sth (= not stop) → etw weiter tun; (repeatedly) → etw immer wieder tun; (constantly) → etw dauernd tun; to keep walking → weitergehen; he kept lying to her → er hat sie immer wieder belogen; if you keep complaining → wenn Sie sich weiter beschweren; she keeps talking about you all the time → sie redet dauernd von Ihnen; keep going → machen Sie weiter; I keep hoping she’s still alive → ich hoffe immer noch, dass sie noch lebt; I keep thinking … → ich denke immer …

food etc → sich halten; that meat won’t keep → dieses Fleisch hält sich nicht or bleibt nicht gut

= be in a certain state of health how are you keeping? → wie geht es Ihnen so?; he’s not keeping too well → es geht ihm nicht besonders gut; he’s keeping better now → es geht ihm wieder besser

= wait that business can keep → das kann warten; will it keep? → kann das warten?

NOUN

= livelihood, food → Unterhalt m; I got £300 a week and my keep → ich bekam £ 300 pro Woche und freie Kost und Logis; to earn one’s keep → seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen; in a poem every word must earn its keep → in einem Gedicht muss jedes Wort seine Daseinsberechtigung haben

in castle → Bergfried m; (as prison) → Burgverlies nt

? for keeps (inf) → für immer; he’s playing for keeps → ihm ists ernst; it’s yours for keeps → das darfst du behalten

PHRASAL VERBS
? keep ahead vi → vorne bleiben; to keep ahead of one’s rivals → seinen Konkurrenten vorausbleiben vt sep to keep one step ahead of the others → den anderen einen Schritt voraus sein
? keep at vi +prep obj

(= continue with) → weitermachen mit; keep at it → machen Sie weiter so

(= nag) → herumnörgeln an (+dat); keep at him until he says yes → lass ihm so lange keine Ruhe, bis er ja sagt

vt +prep obj to keep somebody at a task → jdn nicht mit einer Arbeit aufhören lassen; to keep somebody (hard) at it → jdn hart rannehmen (inf), → jdn an der Kandare haben; they kept him at it all day → sie haben ihn den ganzen Tag hart rangenommen (inf)
? keep away vi (lit) → wegbleiben; (= not approach) → nicht näher herankommen (→ from an +acc); keep away! → nicht näher kommen!; keep away from that place → gehen Sie da nicht hin; he just can’t keep away from the pub → es zieht ihn immer wieder in die Wirtschaft; I just can’t keep away → es zieht mich immer wieder hin; keep away from him → lassen Sie die Finger von ihm; he just can’t keep away from her → er kann einfach nicht von ihr lassen vt (always separate) person, children, pet etc → fernhalten (from von); to keep something away from something → etw nicht an etw (acc) → kommen lassen; keep your hand away from the cutting edge → kommen Sie mit Ihrer Hand nicht an die Schneide; keep them away from each other → halten Sie sie auseinander; to keep somebody away from school → jdn nicht in die Schule (gehen) lassen; business kept him away for three months → er war aus geschäftlichen Gründen drei Monate weg; what’s been keeping you away? → wo waren Sie denn so lange?
? keep back vi → zurückbleiben, nicht näher kommen; keep back! → bleiben Sie, wo Sie sind!, treten Sie zurück!; please keep back from the edge → bitte gehen Sie nicht zu nahe an den Rand vt sep

(= hold back) person, hair, crowds, enemy → zurückhalten; water → stauen; tears → unterdrücken; to keep somebody/something back from somebody → jdn/etw von jdm abhalten

(= withhold) money, taxes → einbehalten; information, facts etc → verschweigen (from sb jdm); (from parent, husband etc) → verheimlichen, verschweigen (from sb jdm); I know you’re keeping something back → ich weiß, dass du mir etwas verheimlichst or verschweigst; they are keeping back the names of the victims → die Namen der Opfer werden nicht bekannt gegeben; keep some cheese back to sprinkle over the top → behalten Sie etwas Käse zum Darüberstreuen zurück

(= make late) → aufhalten; pupil → dabehalten; I don’t want to keep you back → ich möchte Sie nicht aufhalten

(= hold up, slow down) → behindern; being with the slower learners is keeping him back → weil er mit schwächeren Schülern zusammen ist, kommt er nicht so schnell voran

? keep down vi → unten bleiben; keep down! → duck dich!, bleib unten! vt sep

(lit) → unten lassen; (= hold down) → unten halten; head → ducken; eyes → gesenkt halten; keep your voices down → reden Sie leise or nicht so laut

people, revolt → unterdrücken; dog → bändigen; rebellious person → im Zaum or unter Kontrolle halten; rabbits, weeds etc → in Grenzen or unter Kontrolle halten; you can’t keep a good man down → der Tüchtige lässt sich nicht unterkriegen

taxes, rates, prices → niedrig halten; spending → einschränken; costs, wages → drücken; to keep numbers down → die Zahlen gering halten; to keep one’s weight down → nicht zunehmen

food, drink → bei sich behalten; she can’t keep anything down → sie kann nichts bei sich behalten

(Sch) → wiederholen lassen; he was kept down → er musste wiederholen

? keep from vt +prep obj

sb → hindern an (+dat); (from going, doing sth) → abhalten von, hindern an (+dat); I couldn’t keep him from doing it/going there → ich konnte ihn nicht daran hindern or davon abhalten, das zu tun/dort hinzugehen; to keep somebody from falling → jdn am Fallen hindern; to keep oneself from doing something → sich (davor) hüten, etw zu tun; shyness keeps him from making new friends → er ist zu schüchtern, um neue Freunde zu gewinnen; what can we do to keep it from happening again? → was können wir tun, damit es nicht noch einmal passiert?; the bells keep me from sleeping → die Glocken lassen mich nicht schlafen; keep them from getting wet → verhindern Sie es, dass sie nass werden; this will keep the water from freezing → das verhindert, dass das Wasser gefriert; you shouldn’t keep them from their work → Sie sollten sie nicht von der Arbeit abhalten

(= protect) to keep somebody from something → jdn vor etw (dat) → bewahren; to keep somebody from harm → jdn vor Schaden (dat) → bewahren

(= withhold) to keep something from somebody → jdm etw verschweigen; piece of news also → jdm etw vorenthalten; can you keep this from your mother? → können Sie das vor Ihrer Mutter geheim halten or verbergen?

vi +prep obj to keep from doing something → etw nicht tun; (= avoid doing also) → es vermeiden, etw zu tun; she bit her lip to keep from crying → sie biss sich (dat) → auf die Lippe, um nicht zu weinen; she couldn’t keep from laughing → sie musste einfach lachen
? keep in vt sep

schoolboy → nachsitzen lassen; I’ve been kept in! → ich musste nachsitzen!; his parents have kept him in → seine Eltern haben ihn nicht weggelassen or gehen lassen

feelings → zügeln

stomach→ einziehen

vi (= stay indoors) → drinnen bleiben
? keep in with vi +prep obj → sich gut stellen mit; he’s just trying to keep in with her → er will sich nur bei ihr lieb Kind machen
? keep off vi (person) → wegbleiben; if the rain keeps off → wenn es nicht regnet; “keep off!” → „Betreten verboten!“ vt sep

dog, person → fernhalten (prep obj von); one’s hands → wegnehmen, weglassen (prep obj von); to keep one’s mind off something → nicht an etw (acc) → denken; keep him off me → halten Sie ihn mir vom Leib; keep your hands off → Hände weg!; keep the dog off the couch → lassen Sie den Hund nicht aufs Sofa; to keep somebody off drugs → jdn von Drogen fernhalten; to keep somebody off the streets (fig) → jdn davon abhalten, auf der Straße zu landen

jacket etc → ausbehalten; hat → abbehalten

vi +prep obj → vermeiden; “keep off the grass” → „Betreten des Rasens verboten“; keep off the whisky → lassen Sie das Whiskytrinken
? keep on vi

(= continue) → weitermachen, nicht aufhören; to keep on doing something → etw weiter tun; (repeatedly) → etw immer wieder tun; (incessantly) → etw dauernd tun; he keeps on swearing → er flucht dauernd; keep on talking! → reden Sie weiter!; if you keep on like this → wenn du so weitermachst; keep on trying → versuchen Sie es weiter; I keep on telling you → ich sage dir ja immer; the rain kept on all night → es regnete die ganze Nacht durch; he kept on crying the whole night → er hat die ganze Nacht unaufhörlich geweint

(= keep going) → weitergehen/-fahren; keep on past the church → fahren Sie immer weiter an der Kirche vorbei; keep straight on → immer geradeaus

to keep on at somebody (inf) → dauernd an jdm herummeckern (inf); they kept on at him until he agreed → sie haben ihm so lange keine Ruhe gelassen, bis er zustimmte

to keep on about something (inf) → unaufhörlich von etw reden; there’s no need to keep on about it (inf) → es ist wirklich nicht nötig, ewig darauf herumzuhacken (inf); don’t keep on so! (inf) → hören Sie doch endlich auf damit!

vt sep

servant, employee → weiterbeschäftigen, behalten

coat etc → anbehalten; hat → aufbehalten

? keep out vi (of room, building) → draußen bleiben; (of property, land, area) → etw nicht betreten; keep out of my room! → geh/komm nicht in mein Zimmer; “keep out” → „Zutritt verboten“; to keep out of the rain/sun → nicht in den Regen/die Sonne gehen; to keep out of sight → sich nicht zeigen; (hiding) → in Deckung bleiben; to keep out of danger → Gefahr meiden; to keep out of debt → keine Schulden machen; that child can’t keep out of trouble → das Kind kommt immer in Schwierigkeiten; to keep out of somebody’s affairs → sich nicht in jds Angelegenheiten einmischen, sich aus jds Angelegenheiten heraushalten; you keep out of this! → halten Sie sich da or hier raus! vt sep

person → nicht hereinlassen (→ of in +acc); light, cold, rain, enemy etc → abhalten; this screen keeps the sun out of your eyes → diese Blende schützt Ihre Augen vor Sonne; how can I keep the rabbits out/out of my garden? → was kann ich tun, dass die Kaninchen nicht hereinkommen/nicht in meinen Garten kommen?

to keep somebody out of danger/harm’s way → jdn vor Gefahr/Gefahren schützen; I wanted to keep him out of this → ich wollte nicht, dass er da mit hereingezogen wurde; to keep somebody’s name out of the papers → jds Namen nicht in der Zeitung erwähnen; keep him out of my way → halte ihn mir vom Leib; they kept him out of their plans → sie haben ihn von ihren Plänen ausgeschlossen

? keep to vi +prep obj

to keep to one’s promise → sein Versprechen halten, zu seinem Wort stehen; to keep to one’s bed/one’s room → im Bett/in seinem Zimmer bleiben; keep to the main road → bleiben Sie auf der Hauptstraße; to keep to the schedule/plan → den Zeitplan einhalten, sich an den Zeitplan/Plan halten; to keep to the speed limit → sich an die Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung halten; to keep to the subject/point → bei der Sache or beim Thema bleiben; to keep to the script → sich an den Text halten, am Text bleiben

to keep (oneself) to oneself → nicht sehr gesellig sein, ein Einzelgänger sein; they keep (themselves) to themselves (as a group) → sie bleiben unter sich

vt +prep obj to keep somebody to his word/promise → jdn beim Wort nehmen; to keep something to a minimum → etw auf ein Minimum beschränken; to keep something to oneself → etw für sich behalten; keep it to yourself → behalten Sie das für sich; keep your hands to yourself! → nehmen Sie Ihre Hände weg!
? keep together vi (= stay together) → zusammenbleiben; (as friends, community etc) → zusammenhalten; (singers, oarsmen etc) → im Einklang or Takt sein vt sep → zusammen aufbewahren; (= fix together, unite) things, people → zusammenhalten; (conductor) orchestra → im Takt halten
? keep under vt sep people, race → unterdrücken; subordinates → streng behandeln, an der Kandare haben; (= keep under anaesthetic) → unter Narkose halten vi (under water etc) → unter Wasser bleiben
? keep up vi

(tent, pole) → stehen bleiben

(rain) → (an)dauern; (weather, hurricane etc) → anhalten; (prices, output, standard) → gleich hoch bleiben; (morale, strength, determination) → nicht nachlassen

to keep up (with somebody/something) (in race, work, with prices) → (mit jdm/etw) Schritt halten, (mit jdm/etw) mithalten können (inf); (in comprehension) → (jdm/einer Sache) folgen können; they bought it just to keep up with the Joneses → sie kauften es nur, um den Nachbarn nicht nachzustehen; to keep up with the times → mit der Zeit gehen; to keep up with the news → sich auf dem Laufenden halten; I haven’t kept up with my French → ich bin mit meinem Französisch ganz aus der Übung gekommen

(= stay in touch) to keep up with somebody → mit jdm in Kontakt bleiben; we haven’t kept up at all since she went abroad → wir haben nichts mehr voneinander gehört, seit sie im Ausland ist

vt sep

pole, tent → aufrecht halten; the life belt kept him up → der Rettungsring hielt ihn über Wasser; to keep his trousers up → damit die Hose nicht herunterrutscht

(= not stop) → nicht aufhören mit; study etc → fortsetzen, weitermachen; quality, prices, output, friendship, tradition, custom → aufrechterhalten; subscription → beibehalten; payments etc → weiterbezahlen; workrate, speed (= maintain) → halten; (= endure) → durchhalten; I try to keep up my Spanish → ich versuche, mit meinem Spanisch nicht aus der Übung zu kommen; to keep up a correspondence → in Briefwechsel bleiben; to keep one’s morale up → den Mut nicht verlieren; he kept their morale up → er hat ihnen Mut gemacht; keep it up! → (machen Sie) weiter so!; he couldn’t keep it up → er hat schlappgemacht (inf)

(= maintain) house → unterhalten; road → instand or in Stand halten

(= prevent from going to bed) → am Schlafengehen hindern; that child kept me up all night → das Kind hat mich die ganze Nacht nicht schlafen lassen; I was kept up pretty late last night → ich bin gestern Abend ziemlich spät ins Bett gekommen

keep [kiːp] (kept (vb: pt, pp))

1. vt

a. (retain, maintain) → tenere
keep the change → tenga il resto
he keeps himself to himself → se ne sta per conto suo
to keep sb busy → tenere qn occupato/a
to keep time (clock) → andar bene
to keep sth clean → tenere qc pulito/a
to keep a place tidy → tenere un posto in ordine
she keeps herself fit → si tiene or si mantiene in forma
the garden is well kept → il giardino è tenuto bene
he has kept his looks → è ancora un bell'uomo
to keep sb waiting → far aspettare qn
keep him at it! → spingilo a continuare!
to keep the engine running → tenere il motore acceso
I'll keep you to your promise → ti farò mantenere la promessa
to keep sth from sb (fig) → tenere qc nascosto/a a qn
to keep sth to o.s. → tenere qc per sé
keep it to yourself or under your hat (fam) → tienilo per te

b. (put aside) → mettere da parte; (store) → tenere, conservare
keep it in a safe place or somewhere safe → tienilo in un posto sicuro
"keep in a cool place" → "conservare in un luogo fresco"

c. (detain, restrain) → trattenere
to keep sb in prison → tenere qn in prigione
I mustn't or don't let me keep you → non voglio trattenerti
what kept you? → come mai sei in ritardo?
to keep sb from doing sth → impedire a qn di fare qc
to keep sth from happening → impedire che qc succeda
to keep o.s. from doing sth → trattenersi dal fare qc
you're keeping me from my work → mi stai impedendo di lavorare, così non riesco a lavorare
keep him from school → non mandarlo a scuola

d. (fulfil, observe, promise, vow) → mantenere; (law, rule, Lent) → osservare; (treaty, agreement) → rispettare; (Christmas, Easter) → celebrare
to keep an appointment → rispettare un appuntamento

e. (own, have, also) (Comm) (stock) → avere (Agr) (animals) → allevare

f. (support, family) → mantenere
he earns enough to keep himself → guadagna abbastanza per mantenersi da solo
to keep sb in food and clothing → nutrire e vestire qn

g. (accounts, diary) → tenere
to keep a record or note of sth → prendere nota di qc
keep a note of how much you spend → segnati quanto spendi

2. vi

a. (continue) → continuare; (remain) → stare, restare
to keep (to the) left/right → tenere la sinistra/la destra
to keep straight on → continuare dritto/a
to keep to (promise) → mantenere (subject, text) → attenersi a
to keep doing sth → continuare a fare qc
to keep fit → tenersi or mantenersi in forma
to keep in good health → mantenersi in buona salute
keep going! → forza!
to keep at sb (fam) (pester) → non dare pace a qn
to keep at sth (fam) (continue) → continuare a fare qc
keep at it! (fam) → continua, dai!
to keep still → stare or rimanere fermo/a
to keep quiet → stare zitto/a
to keep together → rimanere insieme
to keep from doing sth → trattenersi or frenarsi dal fare qc
to keep to one's room/bed → rimanere in camera/a letto
they keep to themselves → si tengono in disparte, stanno per conto loro

b. (in health) how are you keeping? → come stai?
I hope you're keeping well → spero che stia bene
she's keeping better → sta meglio

c. (food) → mantenersi, conservarsi (fig) (wait) this business can keep → quest'affare può aspettare

3. n

a. (livelihood) → vitto e alloggio
to earn one's keep → guadagnarsi di che vivere

b. (of castle) → torrione m, maschio
see also keeps

keep away

1. vt + adv to keep sth/sb away from sb → tenere qc/qn lontano/a da qn
they kept him away from school → non l'hanno mandato a scuola

2. vi + adv to keep away (from) → stare lontano/a (da)

keep back

1. vt + adv

a. (crowds, tears, money) → trattenere

b. (conceal, information) to keep sth back from sb → nascondere qc a qn

2. vi + adv → tenersi indietro
please keep back! → indietro per favore!

keep down

1. vt + adv

a. (control, prices, spending) → contenere; (anger) → controllare, contenere; (dog) → tenere a bada; (rebellion) → soffocare, reprimere; (population) → opprimere
you can't keep a good man down → una persona valida prima o poi emerge

b. (food) → trattenere, ritenere

c. (Scol) he was kept down a year → gli hanno fatto ripetere l'anno

2. vi + adv → tenersi giù, stare giù

keep in

1. vt + adv (invalid, child) → tenere a casa (Scol) trattenere un alunno oltre l'orario scolastico, per punizione; (stomach) → tenere dentro; (elbows) → tenere giù

2. vi + adv (fam) to keep in with sb → tenersi buono/a qn

keep off

1. vt + adv keep your hands off! → giù le mani!, non toccare!

2. vt + prep (dog, person) → tenere lontano/a da
keep your hands off that cake → non toccare quella torta

3. vi + prep "keep off the grass" → "non calpestare l'erba"

4. vi + adv if the rain keeps off → se non piove

keep on

1. vi + adv (continue) → continuare
keep on along this road until ... → continui per questa strada finché...
to keep on doing sth → continuare a fare qc
to keep on at sb about sth (nag) → non dare pace a qc per qc
don't keep on so!, don't keep on about it! → basta! smettila!

2. vt + adv (hat, employee) → tenere; (light) → tenere acceso/a

keep out

1. vi + adv (not enter) → restare fuori
"keep out" → "vietato l'ingresso"
to keep out of trouble → tenersi fuori dai guai
to keep out of a quarrel → non immischiarsi in una lite
you keep out of this! → non immischiarti!

2. vt + adv (exclude, person, dog) → tenere fuori
this coat keeps out the cold → questo cappotto protegge dal freddo
to keep sb out of trouble → tenere qn lontano dai guai

keep up

1. vt + adv

a. (continue, tradition, subscription) → mantenere
I did French at school, but I haven't kept it up → non ho più studiato francese dai tempi della scuola
keep up the good work! → bravo, continua così!
he'll never keep it up! → non ce la farà mai!

b. (maintain, property) → mantenere

c. (hold up) → tenere su, sorreggere
to keep up one's spirits (fig) → tenersi su di morale, non perdersi d'animo
the noise kept me up all night → il rumore mi ha tenuto sveglio tutta la notte

2. vi + adv

a. to keep up with sb (in race) → mantenersi al passo con qn (fig) (in comprehension) → seguire qn; (by correspondence) → mantenere i rapporti con qn
to keep up with sth (work, payments, price rises) → tener dietro a qc
to keep up with the times → mantenersi al passo con i tempi
to keep up with the Joneses (fig) → non essere da meno dei vicini

b. (weather) → continuare; (prices) → mantenersi allo stesso livello

keep [kiːp] (kept (vb: pt, pp))

1. vt

e. (own, have, also) (Comm) (stock) → avere (Agr) (animals) → allevare

f. (support, family) → mantenere
he earns enough to keep himself → guadagna abbastanza per mantenersi da solo
to keep sb in food and clothing → nutrire e vestire qn

g. (accounts, diary) → tenere
to keep a record or note of sth → prendere nota di qc
keep a note of how much you spend → segnati quanto spendi

2. vi

b. (in health) how are you keeping? → come stai?
I hope you're keeping well → spero che stia bene
she's keeping better → sta meglio

c. (food) → mantenersi, conservarsi (fig) (wait) this business can keep → quest'affare può aspettare

3. n

a. (livelihood) → vitto e alloggio
to earn one's keep → guadagnarsi di che vivere

b. (of castle) → torrione m, maschio
see also keeps

keep away

1. vt + adv to keep sth/sb away from sb → tenere qc/qn lontano/a da qn
they kept him away from school → non l'hanno mandato a scuola

2. vi + adv to keep away (from) → stare lontano/a (da)

keep back

1. vt + adv

a. (crowds, tears, money) → trattenere

b. (conceal, information) to keep sth back from sb → nascondere qc a qn

2. vi + adv → tenersi indietro
please keep back! → indietro per favore!

keep down

1. vt + adv

b. (food) → trattenere, ritenere

c. (Scol) he was kept down a year → gli hanno fatto ripetere l'anno

2. vi + adv → tenersi giù, stare giù

keep in

1. vt + adv (invalid, child) → tenere a casa (Scol) trattenere un alunno oltre l'orario scolastico, per punizione; (stomach) → tenere dentro; (elbows) → tenere giù

2. vi + adv (fam) to keep in with sb → tenersi buono/a qn

keep off

1. vt + adv keep your hands off! → giù le mani!, non toccare!

2. vt + prep (dog, person) → tenere lontano/a da
keep your hands off that cake → non toccare quella torta

3. vi + prep "keep off the grass" → "non calpestare l'erba"

4. vi + adv if the rain keeps off → se non piove

keep on

2. vt + adv (hat, employee) → tenere; (light) → tenere acceso/a

keep out

2. vt + adv (exclude, person, dog) → tenere fuori
this coat keeps out the cold → questo cappotto protegge dal freddo
to keep sb out of trouble → tenere qn lontano dai guai

keep up

1. vt + adv

b. (maintain, property) → mantenere

2. vi + adv

b. (weather) → continuare; (prices) → mantenersi allo stesso livello

keep

v keep [kiːp]

1 to have for a very long or indefinite period of time He gave me the picture to keep. bewaar, hou يُحافِظ على، يَحْفَظ държа uchovat, vlastnit beholde behalten κρατώ, φυλάγω guardar hoidma نگهداشتن pitää garder לְהַשאִיר, לְהַחֲזִיק रखना čuvati őriz memiliki geyma, varðveita; fá til eignar tenere 持ち続ける 간직하다 laikyti []turēt menyimpan houden beholde, gjemme trzymać, mieć w posiadaniu guardar a păstra хранить uchovať obdržati sačuvati behålla เก็บ saklamak, elinde tutmak 保存 тримати; зберігати نا معلوم مدّت کے لۓ رکھنا gìn giữ 保存

2 not to give or throw away; to preserve I kept the most interesting books; Can you keep a secret? onderhou, sorg يَحْتَفِظ ب пазя ponechat si; udržet beholde; bevare; holde på behalten κρατώ, δε δίνω guardar säilitama حفظ کردن؛ از دست ندادن säilyttää conserver, garder לִשׁמוֹר गुप्त रखना čuvati megtart menyimpan geyma, varðveita; þegja yfir tenere, mantenere 保存する 보존하다 išlaikyti glabāt simpan bewaren beholde, holde på, (opp)bevare zatrzymać guardar a păstra сохранять ponechať si; zachovať obdržati (zase) čuvati behålla, bevara เก็บรักษา saklamak, atmamak 保留 зберігати محفوظ رکھنا giữ 保留

3 to (cause to) remain in a certain state or position I keep this gun loaded; How do you keep cool in this heat?; Will you keep me informed of what happens? hou يُبْقي، يَبْقى държа udržovat holde bleiben, halten κρατώ, διατηρώ σε μια κατάσταση, τηρώ mantener, conservar hoidma, pidama نگه داشتن pysyä garder, tenir לְהַשאִיר किसी विशेष स्थिति में बनाए रखना smiren tart menjaga halda, hafa tenere, mantenere ～にしておく (특정 상태에) 두다, 유지하다 išlaikyti []glabāt; noturēt berada, kekal dalam sesuatu keadaan houden holde (seg), forholde seg utrzymywać manter a ţine, a păstra держать(ся) в каком-л. состоянии udržiavať imeti, (vz)držati držati ha, hålla [] พยุง; ประคอง kalmak, tutmak, sürdürmek 保持 тримати, держати کسی خاص حالت میں رکھنا giữ trong tình trạng 保持

4 to go on (performing or repeating a certain action) He kept walking. aanhou يَسْتَمِر продължавам pokračovat v blive ved weiter- συνεχίζω continuar, seguir jätkama ادامه دادن jatkaa continuer à לְהַמשִיך किसी क्रिया को दोहराते रहना nastaviti folytat, tovább (tett vmit) terus halda áfram continuare a 続けて～する 계속하다 toliau (ką daryti), tebe- turpināt (kaut ko darīt) terus doorgaan met fortsette å, holde fram med wciąż (coś robić), nie przestawać continuar a a continua să продолжать pokračovať v nadaljevati nastaviti fortsätta ทำเรื่อยไป yapmaya devam etmek 繼續 продовжувати (робити що) کسی عمل کو جاری رکھنا tiếp tục 继续

5 to have in store I always keep a tin of baked beans for emergencies. aanhou يَحْتَفِظ ب пазя mít v zásobě have aufbewahren κρατώ, διατηρώ guardar hoidma کنار گذاشتن؛ نگهداشتن säilyttää garder לְהַחֲזִיק भंडार में रखना držati tart (raktáron) menyimpan eiga, vera með tenere とっておく 갖추어 놓다 laikyti, turėti paglabāt; turēt (krājumā) simpan in voorraad hebben ha i beredskap mieć (w zapasie) guardar a păstra иметь в запасе mať na sklade imeti na zalogi imati sa strane ha, förvara เก็บสำรอง saklamak, bulundurmak 貯存 мати ضرورت کے لۓ جمع رکھنا dự trữ 备有（商品）

6 to look after or care for She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens. onderhou يَعْتَني ب поддържам udržovat; chovat holde halten φροντίζω, διατηρώ tener; cuidar (un jardín); criar, dedicarse a criar (animales) pidama نگهداری کردن؛ مراقبت کردن hoitaa entretenir לִשמוֹר עַל देखभाल करना držati gondoz; tart memelihara rækta, halda við tenere 世話をする 돌보다 laikyti, prižiūrėti []turēt menjaga houden holde, ta vare på utrzymywać cuidar a avea grijă de содержать udržiavať; chovať skrbeti za, rediti održavati hålla, ha ดูแล bakmak, tutmak 整理，飼養 утримувати; тримати نگہداشت کرنا chăm sóc 料理

7 to remain in good condition That meat won't keep in this heat unless you put it in the fridge. behoue يَبْقى في حالةٍ جيِّدَه запазвам vydržet (čerstvý) holde sig sich halten διατηρούμαι σε καλή κατάσταση conservar säilima تازه باقی ماندن säilyä se conserver, (se) garder לְהִישָמֵר अच्छी स्थिति में बने रहना održati se nem romlik meg bertahan geymast mantenersi, conservarsi もつ 좋은 상태를 유지하다 išsilaikyti (par pārtiku) saglabāties (svaigam) tahan goed blijven holde seg zachowywać swieżość conservar a se conserva, a se păstra сохраняться vydržať, ostať (čerstvý), nepokaziť sa držati se ostati u dobrom stanju stå sig, hålla sig รักษา taze kalmak, dayanmak 保持新鮮 зберігатися اچھی حالت میں برقرار رہنا duy trì （食物等）保持不坏

8 to make entries in (a diary, accounts etc) She keeps a diary to remind her of her appointments; He kept the accounts for the club. hou يَحْتَفِظ ب، يُسَجِّل водя vést (si) føre führen κρατώ, ενημερώνω (π.χ. ημερολόγιο, λογαριασμούς κτλ.) tener; llevar (al día) pidama مرتباً یادداشت کردن pitää tenir לְנַהֵל इंदराज करना voditi, upisivati vezet memelihara halda, færa, skrifa tenere 記入する 기입하다 vesti izdarīt ierakstus menyimpan bijhouden føre, holde prowadzić fazer a păstra вести viesť (si) voditi voditi föra, sköta ดำเนินกิจการ tutmak 寫(日記)，填記(帳目) вести ڈائری یا کھاتے میں باقاعدہ واقعہ یا حساب رکھنا lưu 记（日记、帐目）

9 to hold back or delay Sorry to keep you. ophou يَحْجِز задържам zdržovat holde på; opholde aufhalten καθυστερώ κπ. retener, entretener kinni pidama بازداشتن؛ عقب انداختن pidätellä retenir לְעַכֵּב रोक देना या विलंब करना zadržavati feltart menahan tefja trattenere 引きとめる 지연시키다 užlaikyti aizkavēt menangguhkan ophouden hefte, oppholde, forsinke zatrzymywać atrasar a reţine (pe cineva) задерживать udržiavať, zdržať, zdržiavať zadrževati zadržavati uppehålla หน่วงไว้ tutmak, alıkoymak 阻止，拖延 затримувати کسی کو انتظار کرانا giữ lại; níu kéo 阻挡

10 to provide food, clothes, housing for (someone) He has a wife and child to keep. onderhou يُعيل грижа се živit forsørge unterhalten συντηρώ κπ., προμηθεύω τα απαραίτητα mantener ülal pidama تامین کردن ylläpitää entretenir לְפַרנֵס निबाहना, देख-रेख करना uzdržavati eltart menanggung framfæra, sjá um mantenere 養う 부양하다 išlaikyti uzturēt (kādu) menyara onderhouden forsørge, underholde utrzymywać sustentar a întreţine обеспечивать živiť, podporovať, starať sa vzdrževati izdržavati försörja, sörja för เลี้ยง bakmak, geçindirmek 撫養 утримувати کسی کی حاجات پر کرنا chăm sóc 赡养

11 to act in the way demanded by She kept her promise. nakom يَفي بالوَعْد спазвам dodržet holde halten κρατώ, τηρώ έτσι όπως πρέπει cumplir pidama حفظ کردن؛ رعایت کردن toimia odotetusti tenir לְקָיֵים वादा निभाना držati teljesít memenuhi standa við, halda mantenere 守る 지키다 išlaikyti turēt; ievērot menepati houden holde (på) dotrzymywać manter a ţine (o promisiune) выполнять, соблюдать dodržať držati održati hålla ทำตามความต้องการ tutmak, durmak, yerine getirmek 履行（諾言） додержуватися, дотримуватися مطلوبہ شرط کو پورا کرنا tuân theo 履行（诺言）

12 to celebrate to keep Christmas. herdenk يَحْتَفِل празнувам slavit holde feiern γιορτάζω celebrar tähistama برگزار کردن juhlistaa fêter לַחֲגוֹג जश्न मनाना, खुशिया मनाना slaviti megünnepel merayakan halda upp á celebrare 祝う 축하하다 (at)švęsti svinēt merayakan vieren feire obchodzić celebrar праздновать oslavovať praznovati slaviti fira ฉลอง kutlamak 慶祝 святкувати, відзначати کوئی تیوہار منانا kỷ niệm 庆祝

food and lodging She gives her mother money every week for her keep; Our cat really earns her keep – she kills all the mice in the house. onderhoud قوت، إعالَه прехрана obživa kost; ophold der Unterhalt συντήρηση, έξοδα συντήρησης sustento elatis خرج؛ معاش ylöspito entretien, nourriture פַּרנָסָה, כַּלכָּלָה खाना-कपड़ा uzdržavanje eltartás biaya hidup uppihald, fæði og húsnæði mantenimento, sostentamento; da vivere 生活費 생활 필수품 išlaikymas iztika; uzturs bekalan kost kost og losji, forpleining utrzymanie sustento întreţinere, hrană содержание obživa oskrba; stanovanje in hrana hrana i smeštaj uppehälle อาหารและที่พัก (günlük) harcamalar, masraflar, geçim 生計，食宿 утримання کھانے پینے کا خرچ nuôi thân 生计

n keeper

1 a person who looks after something, eg animals in a zoo The lion has killed its keeper. bewaarder, bewaker حارِس، مُحافِظ пазач dozorce, ošetřovatel dyrepasser; -passer der Wärter φύλακας guarda, guardián valvur نگهبان؛ متصدی hoitaja gardien/-ienne שׁוֹמֵר पालक, रखवाला čuvar őr(ző) pemelihara vörður, gæslumaður custode, guardiano 飼育係 사육자 prižiūrėtojas uzraugs; sargs; glabātājs penjaga bewaarder dyrepasser; fangevokter dozorca guarda paznic смотритель dozorca, -kyňa čuvaj čuvar skötare, vårdare, vakt[] คนเลี้ยง bakıcı 看守員，管理員，如動物園管理員 доглядач; сторож رکھوالا người chăm sóc （动物园的）饲养员

2 a goalkeeper. verdediger حارِس المَرْمى вратар brankář målmand der Torwart τερματοφύλακας portero väravavaht دروازه بان maalivahti gardien de but שׁוֹעֵר गोल रक्षक golman kapus penjaga gawang portiere ゴールキーパー 문지기 vartininkas vārtsargs penjaga gol keeper, doelman målvakt bramkarz вратарь brankár vratar golman målvakt ผู้รักษาประตู kaleci 守門員 воротар فٹبال یا ہاکی جیسے کھیلوں میں بال کو گول میں جانے سے روکنے والا thủ thành 守门员

n keeping

care or charge The money had been given into his keeping. onderhou, bewaar عنايَه، مَسؤوليَّه съхранение opatrování varetægt der Gewahrsam φύλαξη, φροντίδα cuidado hoid نگهداری؛ تصدی hoito garde שְׁמִירָה सुरक्षा, देख-भाल čuvanje tartás tanggung jawab varðveisla custodia 保管 관리, 보존 saugojimas glabāšana; pārziņa; turēšana simpanan bewaring varetekt, forvaring piecza sustento păstrare сохранность úschova varstvo čuvanje förvar, vård การเฝ้า; การดูแล; การอารักขา; การคุ้มครอง; การเก็บรักษา bakım, muhafaza 照顧，保管 догляд; опіка حفاظت sự giữ gìn 保管

n keep-ˈfit

a series or system of exercises, usually simple, intended to improve the physical condition of ordinary people, especially women She's very keen on keep-fit but it doesn't do her much good; (also adjective ) keep-fit exercises. bly-fiks تمارين المحافظَه على اللياقَه البدنيَّه поддържане във форма kondiční cvičení; kondiční motionering; motions- sich gesund halten γυμναστική (για τη διατήρηση της σιλουέτας), γυμναστικός ejercicios de mantenimiento rütmivõimlemine نرمش؛ ورزش سبک kuntoilu (de) gymnastique לִשמוֹר עַל כּוֹשֶר कसरत održavanje forme konditorna sistem latihan leikfimi (esercizi di ginnastica per mantenersi in forma) 美容体操 건강 유지 kasdienė mankšta veselības vingrojumi menjaga kesihatan conditietraining fysisk trening, kondisjonstrening; kondisjons- ćwiczenia sprawnościowe manutenção (de) gimnastică зарядка gymnastika; gymnastický kondicijska telovadba; kondicijski ostati fit motion[] การรักษาตัว formunu koruma 健身運動 підтримання фізичної форми ایک خاص قسم کی ورزش giữ gìn sức khỏe 健美

n keepsake [-seik]

something given or taken to be kept in memory of the giver She gave him a piece of her hair as a keepsake. aandenking هَدِيَّه رَمزيَّه للتِّذْكار нещо за спомен dárek na památku, suvenýr minde das Andenken ενθύμιο recuerdo mälestus(ese) یادگاری muistoesine souvenir מַזכֶּרֶת निशानी uspomena emlék(tárgy) kenang-kenangan minjagripur ricordo 記念品 유품 atminimo dovana piemiņlieta tanda kenangan aandenken minne, suvenir pamiątka recordação amintire сувенир suvenír, darček na pamiatku spomin uspomena minne, minnesgåva สิ่งเตือนใจ hatıra, yadigâr 信物 подарунок на згадку کسی کی یادگار میں کوئی چیز محفوظ رکھنا vật lưu niệm 纪念品

for keeps

permanently You can have this necklace for keeps. vir altyd للأبَـد، دائِما завинаги navždy beholde für immer για πάντα para siempre päriseks برای همیشه omaksi pour de bon לְתָמִיד हमेशा के लिए zauvijek örökre untuk selamanya fyrir fullt og allt per sempre いつまでも 영원히 visam laikui uz visiem laikiem kekal voorgoed til odel og eie, for bestandig na zawsze para sempre pentru totdeauna навсегда natrvalo za vedno zauvek för alltid, för gott ตลอดกาล; ชั่วนิรันดร์ ebediyen 永久地 назовсім ہمیشہ کے لۓ رکھنا mãi mãi 永久地

in keeping with

suited to He has moved to a house more in keeping with his position as a headmaster. in pas مناسِب لِ، مُلائِم подходящ vhodný passe til; svare til in Einklang mit σύμφωνος, ταιριαστός με conforme, en armonía con kooskõlas بر طبق sopusoinnussa en rapport avec תּוֹאֵם के अनुरूप sukladno összhangban vmivel sesuai í samræmi við in armonia/tono con, coerente con ～にふさわしい ...와 일치하여 tinkantis, atitinkantis saskaņā ar; atbilstoši bersesuaian in overeenstemming met som passer/stemmer overens med odpowiedni dla de acordo com în concordanţă cu соразмерно vzhľadom na v skladu z u skladu sa förenlig med, överensstämmande med เหมาะสมกับ uygun, uymuş 符合，與...一致 відповідно до کسی چیز کا مناسب ہونا hợp với 与...一致

keep away

to (cause to) remain at a distance Keep away – it's dangerous! wegbly يَبْتَعِد، يَبْقى بعيدا стоя/държа на страна držet se opodál holde sig væk wegbleiben κρατώ ή κρατιέμαι σε απόσταση mantener a distancia eemale hoidma فاصله را حفظ کردن pysyä kaukana ne pas s'approcher (de) לְהִתרַחֵק दूर रहना, दूर रखना držati podalje távol marad menjauh halda sig fjarri, varúð stare lontano 離れる 피하다 nesiartinti, laikytis toliau (nuo) turēties atstatu; sargāties jangan dekat uit de buurt houden/blijven holde seg borte nie podchodzić, trzymać się z dala afastar-se a nu se apropia (de), a se ţine la distanţă (de) держаться в отдалении nepribližovať sa držati se ob strani udaljiti se hålla tillbaka, hålla sig undan อยู่ห่าง uzakta durmak, yaklaşmamak (使)保持距離 не підходьте! خبردار رہنا cách xa 站开

keep back

1 not to (allow to) move forward She kept the child back on the edge of the crowd; Every body keep back from the door! terughou يُبْعِد، يَبْتَعِد стоя/държа назад držet (se) vzadu holde tilbage zurückhalten, -treten δεν αφήνω κπ. να προχωρήσει προς τα εμπρός, κάνω πίσω mantener atrás eemal hoidma عقب ماندن pysyä takana ne pas s'approcher (de) לִמְנוֹע הִתקַדמוּת आगे नहीं बढ़ने देना držati se podalje távoltart; távol áll menahan halda sig fjarri/frá tenere indietro; stare indietro 退っている 제지하다 nesiartinti, pasitraukti, laikyti(s) toliau (nuo) turēties sāņus/malā menjauhi op een afstand houden/blijven holde tilbake/vekk fra powstrzymywać, przytrzymać afastar a nu lăsa să se apropie держать(ся) в стороне držať (sa) vzadu zadržati; ne približati se udaljiti se hålla tillbaka, hålla sig undan ถอยไป geri durmak, yaklaşmamak (使)留在原地，不可再往前 затримувати(ся) آگے بڑھنے نہ دینا tránh xa 不前进

2 not to tell or make known I feel he's keeping the real story back for some reason. weerhou يُخْفي، يَحْبِس، لا يَكْشِف прикривам tajit tilbageholde verschweigen αποκρύπτω, δεν κοινοποιώ ocultar enda teada hoidma بروز ندادن pitää salassa cacher לִשמוֹר סוֹד छुपा कर रखना zadržavati za sebe elhallgat merahasiakan að segja ekki alla söguna nascondere 隠す 숨기다 nutylėti slēpt; neizpaust merahsiakan achterhouden fortie, holde inne med nie ujawniać esconder a ascunde утаивать skrývať, zatajiť zamolčati skrivati undanhålla, dölja เก็บเป็นความลับ gizlemek, söylememek 隱瞞 утаювати; критися کسی بات کو چھپانا giấu không nói ra 隐瞒

3 not to give or pay out Part of my allowance is kept back to pay for my meals; Will they keep it back every week? terughou يَدَّخِر، يَحْتَفِظ به، لا يَصْرِف удържам dávat stranou tilbageholde zurückhalten παρακρατώ retener maha arvestama بخشی از چیزی را نگهداشتن یا ندادن pidättää retenir לִשמוּר रोक कर रखना uskratiti visszatart tidak memberikan halda eftir trattenere 差し引く 보류하다 išskaičiuoti atvilkt (no algas) menahan sesuatu inhouden holde tilbake, trekke (fra) odciągać reter a reţine удерживать dávať bokom pridržati zadržati hålla inne, behålla เก็บไว้ ödememek, alıkoymak 保留 відраховувати ادائگی نہیں کرنا giữ lại 留下

keep one's distance

to stay quite far away The deer did not trust us and kept their distance. onttrek يبتَعْد، يَبقى على مسافةٍ بعيدَه не се доближавам nepřibližovat se holde sig på afstand auf Distanz bleiben κρατιέμαι μακριά mantenerse a distancia distantsi hoidma فاصله گرفتن pysyä etäällä se tenir à distance לִשמוֹר מֶרחָק दूर रहना održavati razdaljinu távol marad menjauh halda sig í fjarlægð tenere le distanze 近寄らない 일정한 거리를 두다 laikytis atokiai turēties pa gabalu menjauhi op een afstand blijven holde seg på avstand trzymać się z dala manter a distância a se ţine la distanţă держаться на расстоянии nepribližovať sa držati razdaljo držati se na odstojanju hålla sig på [] avstånd ทิ้งระยะห่างไว้ uzakta durmak, arada mesafe bırakmak 停留在遠處 триматися на достатній відстані دور رہنا giữ khoảng cách 远离

keep down

1 not to (allow to) rise up Keep down – they're shooting at us! bedwing, onderdruk لا يَرْفَعُ رأسَه стоя наведен zůstat při zemi holde nede sich geduckt halten δε σηκώνομαι, μένω σκυμμένος, δεν αφήνω κπ. να σηκωθεί seguir agachado madalal(e) hoidma بلند نشدن pysyä alhaalla ne pas bouger לְהִתכּוֹפֵף झुक कर रहना ne dopustiti da se podigne feküdj! tetap merunduk halda kyrru fyrir stare giù 伏せる 억제하다 nesikelti, neleisti keltis pieliekt; pieliekties meniarap (zich) laag houden bli liggende/sittende nie podnosić (się) baixar-se a continua să stea culcat, a nu se mişca не высовываться zostať pri zemi ostati pri tleh ostati dole hålla [] nere รักษาระดับต่ำไว้ eğilmek 趴下 притиснутися до землі; не вставати اٹھے بغیر رہنا ngồi, nằm xuống 卧下

2 to control or put a limit on They are taking steps to keep down the rabbit population. in toom hou يُسَيْطِر على، يُحَدِّد ограничавам omezit holde nede einschränken συγκρατώ, ελέγχω, περιορίζω limitar kontrolli all hoidma مهار کردن rajoittaa limiter לְדַכֵּא אוֹתוֹ नियंत्रित रखना kontrolirati, ograničavati leszorít membatasi halda niðri, takmarka limitare 抑える 통제하다 neleisti padidėti ierobežot membatasi binnen de perken houden holde nede utrzymać na tym samym poziomie controlar a ţine sub control контролировать obmedziť omejiti smanjiti hålla nere คงระดับไว้ denetim altında tutmak, artmasını önlemek 控制，限制 контролювати; стримувати محدود کرنا kìm hãm 控制

3 to digest without vomiting He has eaten some food but he won't be able to keep it down. inhou يُبْقي في المَعِدَه، لا يَسْتَفْرِغ задържам udržet v sobě, nezvracet holde det i sig unterdrücken κρατώ στο στομάχι μου, χωνεύω mantener en el estómago (toitu) sees hoidma نگه داشتن؛ برنگرداندن pitää sisällä garder, digérer לא לְהָקִיא बिना उलटी किए पचा लेना zadržati hranu u želucu megemészt menelan halda niðri (tenere nello stomaco) 吐かないでおく 토하지 않고 소화시키다 neišvemti sagremot; nevemt tidak memuntahkan binnenhouden beholde maten zatrzymać w żołądku manter no estômago a se abţine să vomite удерживать (пищу) nevracať zadržati svariti behålla เก็บอาหารไว้ในกระเพาะ kusmayı engellemek 嚥下 вгамовувати голод بغیر اگلے ہضم کر پانا nén lại 消化（食物）

keep one's end up

to perform one's part in something just as well as all the others who are involved. jou man staan, jou deel bydra يُنْجِزُ عَمَلَه مثل الآخرين справям се počínat si dobře følge med seinen Teil beitragen κάνω το καθήκον μου όπως και οι άλλοι hacer su parte, hacer la parte que a uno le corresponde enda eest väljas olema سهم خو را به خوبی انجام دادن pärjätä faire sa part (d'une tâche) לְמָלֵא אֶת חוֹבָתוֹ अपना और दूसरे का हिस्सा भी निबाहना održavati razinu nem hagyja magát skila sínu (fare la propria parte) 役割を果たす 자기 몫을 다하다 nenusileisti izturēt savu lomu līdz galam memenuhi zich weren holde stand, klare seg dorównać innym fazer a sua parte a-şi face datoria не ударить лицом в грязь dobre obstáť opravljati svoje delo uraditi svoj deo dobro สามารถป้องกันตนได้ดี (ในสถานการณ์ยุ่งยาก) üstüne düşeni yapmak 做好份內的事 зробити все, що від себе залежить کسی کام میں اپنا کردار ادا کرنا không nhượng bộ 精神饱满地对付

keep from

to stop oneself from (doing something) I could hardly keep from hitting him. afhou, jou onthou van يَمْنَع نَفْسَه، يَمْتَنِع عن въздържам се udržet se holde sig tilbage sich zurückhalten (συγ)κρατιέμαι, εμποδίζω τον εαυτό μου να κάνει κτ. abstenerse de hoiduma اجتناب کردن؛ جلوی خود را گرفتن pitäytyä tekemästä jtk se retenir de לִמנוֹע, לְהִמָנַע से रोकना, स्वयं को रोकना suzdržavati se tartózkodik vmitől menahan diri halda aftur af sér trattenersi da ～しないでいる 삼가다, 억제하다 susilaikyti nuo atturēt no; atturēties no menahan diri zich terughouden van (av)holde seg fra powstrzymać się (od) controlar-se a se reţine să удержаться от zdržať sa zadržati se suzdržati se låta bli, avhålla sig från เลี่ยง tutmak, zaptetmek 阻止 утриматися від اپنے آپ کو کچھ کرنے سے روکنا kìm nén 阻止

keep going

to go on doing something despite difficulties. aan die gang hou, aanhou يَسْتَمِر رَغْم الصُّعوبات продължавам udržovat v chodu, pokračovat fortsætte weitermachen συνεχίζω παρά τις δυσκολίες seguir jätkama با وجود مشکلات همچنان ادامه دادن selviytyä continuer לְהַחֲזִיק מַעֲמָד दिक्कतों के बावजूद करते जाना nastaviti folytat(ódik) maju terus halda áfram, þrauka continuare がんばる 계속하다 nepasiduoti, laikytis izdzīvot berterusan doorgaan, doorzetten holde det gående kontynuować, nie poddawać się insistir a continua продолжать делать что-л. pokračovať vztrajati nastaviti hålla i gång, hålla flytande, hålla vid liv ทำต่อไป devam etmek, sürdürmek 繼續努力 триматися مشکلوں کے سامنا کرتے ہوے کسی کام کو انجام دینا tiếp tục làm gì 继续前进

keep hold of

not to let go of Keep hold of those tickets! vashou يَتَمَسَّك ب، يَحْتَفِظ ب пазя neztratit holde fast på; passe på behalten κρατώ καλά, δεν αφήνω κτ. να μου φύγει guardar; no perder mitte kätest laskma از دست ندادن pitää kiinni ne pas lâcher/perdre לִשמוֹר जाने नहीं देना držati erősen fog tidak melepaskan láta ekki frá sér mantenere la presa, mantenere il controllo しっかり持つ 붙잡고 있다 laikyti, nepaleisti paglabāt terus pegang vasthouden ta godt vare på trzymać mocno agarrar a nu lăsa să piardă держать (при себе) nestratiť ne puščati iz rok sačuvati sköta ngns hushåll ยึดไว้ tutmak 拿著，抓住 не випускати з рук کسی چیز کو حفاظت سے تھامے رکھنا giữ 拿，抓住

keep house (for)

to do the cooking, housework etc (for) She keeps house for her brother. onderhou يَقوم بالأعْمال المَنْزِلِيّه поддържам starat se o domácnost holde hus den Haushalt machen κρατώ το νοικοκυριό cuidar la casa, encargarse de la casa majapidajaks olema خانه داری کردن huolehtia taloustöistä tenir la maison (de) לְנַהֵל מֶשֶק בַּיִת घर-बार चलाना voditi kućanstvo háztartást vezet mengurus rumah tangga sjá um húshald fyrir badare alla casa, tenere la casa a 家事をする 살림을 꾸리다 prižiūrėti namus nodarboties ar mājsaimniecību; saimniekot membuat kerja-kerja rumah het huishouden doen holde hus (for) prowadzić dom tomar conta da casa a face menajul (pentru) вести хозяйство (за кого-л.) udržiavať domácnosť gospodinjiti održavati domaćinstvo sköta ngns hushåll ทำงานบ้าน ev işleri yapmak, evi evirip çevirmek 料理家務 вести домашнє господарство کھانے پینے اور گھر کی دیکھ بھال کی ذمہ داری اٹھانا trông nhà 操持家务

keep in

1 not to allow to go or come out or outside The teacher kept him in till he had finished the work. inhou, in toom hou يَحْجِز، يَحْبِس، يُبقي في الداخِل задържам držet v, nechat po škole holde inde innen behalten κρατώ μέσα για τιμωρία, δεν επιτρέπω σε κπ. να βγει no dejar salir, hacer quedar keelama välja minna کسی را در جایی نگه داشتن pitää sisällä empêcher qqn de sortir לְאֶסוֹר לַצֵאת הָחוּצָה अंदर आने या बाहर जाने की अनुमति नहीं देना ne dopustiti da iziđe benn tart menahan di dalam halda eftir, loka inni (non permettere di uscire) 留めておく 안에 남아 있게 하다 neišleisti aizturēt menahan laten nablijven la sitte igjen, holde tilbake zatrzymać não deixar sair a rămâne acasă не выпускать nechať po škole zadržati držati unutra hålla inne, låta sitta kvar ถูกกักบริเวณเพื่อทำโทษ içerde tutmak, izinsiz bırakmamak 留…在裡面 не випускати باہر جانے کی اجازت نہیں دینا không cho ra ngoài 留住，不让外出

2 to stay close to the side of a road etc. in bly يَبْقى قَريبا من جانِب الطَّريق карам до мантинелата držet se při okraji holde inde sich dicht halten an μένω κοντά στην άκρη του δρόμου mantenerse al lado teeveerele hoidma نزدیک چیزی ماندن pysyä reunassa rester bien au bord (à droite) לְהִישָמֵר בַּצָד सड़क के किनारे के निकट रहना zadržavati unutar az út szélén halad tetap di tepi jalan halda sig út við vegarkantinn (til hægri) (mantenersi sul lato della strada) 道端による 길가에 가까이 붙다 laikytis prie krašto turēties pie ceļa malas berada di tepi jalan aan de kant blijven holde seg til sida trzymać się (np. skraju drogi) manter-se do lado de a sta aproape de marginea şoselei держаться края дороги držať sa pri okraji držati se (desne) strani držati se strane puta komma ihåg, tänka på พยายามชิดด้านในของถนน yol kenarını izlemek, kenarda durmak 靠邊 триматися края سڑک کے کنارے کے قریب رہنا đứng bên vệ đường 隐藏

keep in mind

to remember and take into consideration later. daaraan dink, in gedagte hou, voor oë hou, onthou يَتَذَكَّر помня mít v paměti huske nicht vergessen θυμάμαι, έχω κατά νου tener en mente meeles pidama در خاطر داشتن pitää mielessä se souvenir que לִזכּוֹר याद रखना sjećati se emlékezetében tart vmit mengingat-ingat hafa í huga tenere a mente, ricordare 覚えておく 마음에 간직하고 있다 turėti galvoje paturēt prātā beringat in gedachten houden huske på zapamiętać, zachować w pamięci ter em mente a ţine minte помнить, иметь в виду pamätať zapomniti si imati na umu komma ihåg, tänka på จำไว้ hatırlamak, unutmamak 牢記 пам'ятати; мати на увазі ذہن میں رکھنا ghi nhớ 牢记

keep it up

to carry on doing something at the same speed or as well as one is doing it at present Your work is good – keep it up! volhou, onderhou يَسْتَمِر في نَفس العَمَل والسُّرْعَه продължавам nepovolit, vydržet fortsætte sådan weiter so! συνεχίζω να κάνω κτ. το ίδιο καλά και με τον ίδιο ρυθμό ¡ánimo! samas vaimus jätkama به همین ترتیب ادامه دادن jatkaa samalla tavalla continuer לְהַמשִיך काम की अपनी रफ्तार बनाए रखना nastaviti istim načinom folytat meneruskan halda áfram (með það sama) continuare 続ける 계속하다 daryti toliau taip pat turpināt tādā pašā garā teruskanlah zo doorgaan fortsette med utrzymywać tempo continuar a continua продолжать в том же духе pokračovať; vydržať nadaljevati nastaviti tako hålla [] på avstånd (borta, undan) ทำต่อไปให้ดีเหมือนที่เป็นอยู่ aynı şekilde (yapmaya) devam etmek 持續保持同樣的速度或良好表現 так тримати! کسی اچھی عادت یا اچھے عمل کو بر قرار رکھنا duy trì 坚持

keep off

1 to stay away There are notices round the bomb warning people to keep off; The rain kept off and we had sunshine for the wedding. af bly يَبْتَعِد عَن، يَبقى بَعيدا عَن، لا يَقْتَرِب отбягвам nepřibližovat se; odvrátit se holde sig væk sich fernhalten von δεν πλησιάζω, παραμένω μακριά (από κάπου) mantenerse a distancia eemale hoidma, ära jääma دور نگهداشتن pysyä poissa ne pas s'approcher לְהִישָאֵר מְרָחוֹק दूर रहना, न होना ostati po strani, ne nastupiti távol marad; elkerül (vkit az eső) menjauhi halda sig frá, forðast stare lontano 近づかない 접근 시키지 않다, 내리지 않다 nesiartinti turēties atstatu menjauhi afblijven, wegblijven holde seg borte/unna nie podchodzić estar ausente a se ţine departe de не приближаться držať sa stranou ne približati se držati se podalje hålla [] på avstånd (borta, undan) ถอยห่างไว้; หยุด uzak durmak, yanaşmamak 讓開 триматися на відстані; не наближатися دور رہنا tránh xa; không bắt đầu 让开

2 to prevent from getting to or on to (something) This umbrella isn't pretty, but it keeps off the rain. weghou يَمْنَع، يُبْعِد، يَصُد спирам chránit před holde væk fernhalten εμποδίζω, κρατώ κτ. σε απόσταση no dejar acercarse, no dejar entrar kaitsma جلوی چیزی را گرفتن pitää poissa protéger (de) מוֹנֵע מ- रोक देना, दूर रहना, दूर रखना odbijati elhárít menahan halda frá, verja gegn tenere lontano 防ぐ 가까이 못 오게 하다 apsaugoti nuo turēt atstatu; atvairīt menghalang tegenhouden holde vekk/unna nie przepuszczać evitar a proteja (de) защищать (от чего-л.) chrániť pred varovati pred štiti od hålla borta, stänga ute หลีกเลี่ยง uzakta tutmak, yanaştırmamak 防止...接觸到(某物) захищати від کسی چیز سے حفاظت کرنا tránh; ngăn 不让...接近

keep on

to continue (doing something or moving) He just kept on writing; They kept on until they came to a petrol station. aanhou يَسْتَمِر продължавам pokračovat, stále (dělat něco) fortsætte fortfahren συνεχίζω continuar, seguir jätkama به کاری ادامه دادن jatkaa continuer (à, de) לְהַמשִיך जारी रहना, नौकरी में रखना, मकान रखना, बार बार कह कर परेशान करना nastaviti folytatja útját, tovább halad; tovább (csinál vmit) terus halda áfram continuare 続ける 계속 ...하다 toliau (ką daryti) turpināt berterusan membuat sesuatu doorgaan fortsette (med), holde på kontynuować, iść dalej continuar a continua (să) продолжать делать что-л. pokračovať nadaljevati nastaviti visa rätt tid ทำต่อไป; เดินทางต่อไป yapıp durmak, devam etmek 繼續（進行某事或移動） продовжувати (робити що) کسی کام کو جاری رکھنا tiếp tục 继续（进行）

keep oneself to oneself

to tell others very little about oneself, and not to be very friendly or sociable. inhou يَنْطَوي على نَفْسِه، لا يخْتَلِط بالآخرين необщителен съм být uzavřený, vyhýbat se společnosti holde sig for sig selv für sich bleiben είμαι κλεισμένος στον εαυτό μου ser reservado, ser discreto kinnine olema معاشرتی نبودن؛ تودار بودن pitää etäisyyttä muihin se tenir à l'écart לְהִתבּוֹדֵד लगातार, पर्याप्त लेते रहना držati se za sebe nem érintkezik senkivel bersikap tertutup fara einförum (starsene per conto proprio), isolarsi 交際しない 마음 속에 담아두다 laikytis nuošaliai, šalintis žmonių turēties savrup berahsia eenzelvig leven holde seg for seg selv trzymać się na uboczu isolar-se a se ţine la distanţă, a fi nesociabil замыкаться в себе byť uzavretý (do seba) držati se sam zase držati se na distanci hålla sig på sin kant เก็บไว้เป็นส่วนตัว kendi hakkında konuşmamak, kimseye sokulmamak 離群索居 некомпанійський; відлюдкуватий خود میں رہنا sống tách rời 不交际

keep out

not to (allow to) enter The notice at the building site said `Keep out!'; This coat keeps out the wind. uitbly يبتعِد، لا يَدْخُل не влизам nevstupovat; bránit proniknutí holde ... væk; holde ude draußen bleiben, nicht hereinlassen δεν εισέρχομαι, μένω ή κρατώ κπ. έξω no dejar entrar, no dejar pasar eemale hoidma, kaitsma در خارج ماندن pysyä poissa empêcher qqn d'entrer לִמנוֹעַ כְנִיסָה दूर रहना zaustavljati, sprječavati a belépés tilos! melarang masuk aðgangur bannaður stare fuori; riparare da 入らない 못 들어오게 하다 neįeiti, neleisti įeiti, sulaikyti nepielaist; neielaist menjauhi buiten houden/blijven adgang forbudt!; holde ute nie wchodzić, nie przepuszczać afastar a nu lăsa să intre не пропускать nevstupovať; chrániť (proti) ne prepuščati odbiti tillträde förbjudet, skydda för, stänga ute ปิดกั้น içeri bırakmamak 將…排除在外 не впускати داخل ہونے سے ممانعت không đi vào （使）在外

keep out of

not to become involved in Do try to keep out of trouble! uitbly يَبْتَعِد عن المَشاكِل، لا يَتَدَخَّل стоя настрана vyhnout se holde sig uden for sich heraushalten aus δεν μπλέκομαι σε, αποφεύγω no entrar en, no meterse en mitte sekkuma دخالت نکردن؛ وارد نشدن pysyä poissa rester à l'écart de לא לְהִתעַרֵב से दूर रखना držati se podalje kimarad vmiből tidak terlibat halda sig fjarri, forðast stare/tenersi fuori da 関係しない ...을 멀리하다 neįsivelti []vairīties jauhkan erbuiten blijven ikke rote seg bort i unikać evitar a nu se amesteca держаться подальше от vyhnúť sa ne vmešavati se držati se podalje od hålla sig borta från ไม่เข้าไปยุ่งกับ karışmamak, uzak durmak 置身於...之外 не втручатися کسی چیز سے محفوظ رکھنا không xen vào （使）置身于...之外

keep time

(of a clock etc) to show the time accurately Does this watch keep (good) time? goed loop, maat hou تُحافِظ السّاعَه على الوقت الصَّحيح показвам точно време jít správně, být přesný gå rigtigt richtig gehen δείχνω την ώρα με ακρίβεια dar bien la hora õiget aega näitama دقیق بودن pysyä ajassa donner l'heure exacte לְדָיֵיק सही समय दिखाना točno pokazivati vrijeme pontos selalu tepat ganga rétt andare a tempo, tenere il tempo 合っている 정시를 가리키다 gerai eiti rādīt laiku tepati masa goed lopen gå riktig, være rett dobrze chodzić estar certo a arăta ora exactă показывать точное время udávať presný čas biti točen pokazivati vreme visa rätt tid รักษาเวลา iyi/doğru gitmek (時鐘等)準確 правильно показувати час صحیح وقت دکھانا đúng giờ （钟表）准确

keep to

not to leave or go away from Keep to this side of the park!; We kept to the roads we knew. hou aan, bly by يَلْتَزِم بِ، يَتَمَسَّك ب придържам се držet se holde sig til sich halten an δεν απομακρύνομαι από no salir de, no dejar püsima در جایی باقی ماندن pysyä ne pas s'écarter de לְהִשָׁאֵר रास्ते पर रहना držati se ragaszkodik vmihez, marad vhol tidak meninggalkan halda sig við stare in ～を離れない ...에서 벗어나지 않다 laikytis ko []turēties mengikut niet afdwalen van holde seg ved trzymać się (czegoś) manter-se a nu se îndepărta de придерживаться чего-л. držať sa držati se držati se hålla sig till ต้องยึดตาม; ต้องปฎิบัติตาม; ไม่ออกนอกทาง ...-den ayrılmamak 往…靠，停留在… триматися чогось کسی چیز پر قایم رہنا theo 坚持

keep (something) to oneself

not to tell anyone (something) He kept his conclusions to himself. inhou, terughou يَحْتَفِظ بالشَّيء لنَفسِه пазя тайна nechat si pro sebe holde for sig selv für sich behalten κρατώ κτ. για τον εαυτό μου, δεν το μοιράζομαι με άλλους no decir algo, guardar algo para sí enda teada hoidma افشاء نکردن pitää tieto itsellään garder pour soi לְהִתבּוֹדֵד अपने में रहना držati (nešto) za sebe megtartja magának tidak mengatakan halda leyndu tenere per sé 心に秘める 비밀로 간직하다 pasilaikyti sau paturēt pie sevis menyimpan voor zich houden holde (noe) for seg selv, holde inne med zatrzymać dla siebie guardar a păstra un secret pentru sine держать при себе nechať si pre seba obdržati zase zadržati za sebe vidmakthålla, hålla i gång, hålla vid liv อม kendine saklamak 不透露(某事) тримати при собі کسی چیز کو اپنے آپ تک محدود رکھنا giữ kín 保守秘密

keep up

1 to continue, or cause to remain, in operation I enjoy our friendship and try to keep it up. volhou, uithou يَسْتَمِر، يُحافِظ على، يَظَل запазвам udržet holde vedlige aufrechterhalten διατηρώ, συντηρώ, συνεχίζω κτ. mantener, seguir jätkama برقرار نگهداشتن jatkaa entretenir לְשָמֵר जारी रहना, अच्छा मौसम održavati folytat meneruskan halda gangandi/við mantenere 続ける 계속하다, 유지하다 palaikyti uzturēt; turpināt berterusan gaande houden holde ved like podtrzymać manter a întreţine продолжать, поддерживать udržať nadaljevati očuvati vidmakthålla, hålla i gång, hålla vid liv ดำเนินต่อไป sürdürmek, devam ettirmek 維持，使持續 підтримувати; продовжувати برقرار رکھنا giữ vững 维持

2 (often withwith) to move fast enough not to be left behind (by) Even the children managed to keep up; Don't run – I can't keep up with you. bybly يُجاري، يَسير في نَفس السُّرعَه، يَلْحَق ب не изоставам stačit, držet krok følge med Schritt halten mit συμβαδίζω, ώστε να μη μείνω πίσω seguir sammu pidama پا به پای کسی یا چیزی رفتن pysyä vauhdissa ne pas se laisser distancer לְהִתקָדֵם בַּקֶצֶב שֶׁל- समान गति से चलना, संपर्क रखना držati korak lépést tart vkivel tidak tertinggal halda í við (rimanere al pari con gli altri) ついてくる 뒤지지 않다 suspėti kartu turēties līdzi; neatpalikt mengekori bijhouden holde farten, henge på dotrzymać kroku manter o passo a ţine pasul не отставать stačiť dohajati održati korak hålla jämna steg med, hinna (hänga) med ตามให้ทัน yetişmek, geri kalmamak 跟上 не відставати رفتار بناۓ رکھنا تاکہ پیچھے نہ رہ جائیں theo kịp 继续

keep up with the Joneses [ˈdʒounziz]

to have everything one's neighbours have She didn't need a new cooker – she just bought one to keep up with the Joneses. byhou يَكون لَديه ما لَدى غيرِه، يكون في نَفس المُسْتَوى не изоставам vyrovnat se sousedům ikke ville stå tilbage for naboerne es den Nachbarn gleichtun δεν υστερώ (οικονομικά) σε σχέση με τους άλλους, έχω ό,τι και οι γείτονες no ser menos que los demás (naabritega) sammu pidama چشم و هم چشمی کردن omistaa samat asiat kuin naapurilla faire concurrence aux voisins לְנָסוֹת וְלִשמוֹר עַל אוֹתָה רַמַת חָיים שֶׁל מִישהוּ אָחֶר बनाए रखना, बदस्तूर क़ायम रखना, उत्साह भंग न होने देना, गिरने न देना, शिथिल न होने देना biti ravan nekome nem akar lemaradni mengikuti tetangga dragast ekki aftur úr nágrönnunum (non voler essere da meno dei vicini di casa) 隣人と張り合う 이웃 사람들에게 지지 않으려고 허세를 부리다 nenusileisti kitiems, neatsilikti nuo kitų nedzīvot sliktāk par kaimiņiem menyaingi niet voor de buren onderdoen være på høyde med naboen dorównać innym não ser ultrapassado a ţine pasul cu vecinii быть не хуже других vyrovnať sa susedom ne zaostajati za sosedi imati sve što i komšije hålla vakt (utkik) แข่งขันกับ aşık atmak, aşağı kalmamak 不落人後 не відставати від مقابلہ کرنا không thua kém hàng xóm 不落后于

keep watch

to have the task of staying alert and watching for danger. wag hou يُراقِب، يبقى يَقِظا، يَحْرُس наблюдавам být na stráži holde vagt Wache stehen φυλάω σκοπιά vigilar, estar en guardia valvel olema مواظب بودن؛ مراقبت کردن pitää vahtia monter la garde לִשמוֹר सावधान रहना stražariti vigyáz siaga vera á verði stare in guardia 見張りをする 망을 보다, 당직을 서다 eiti sargybą sargāt; dežurēt berjaga-jaga de wacht houden holde vakt trzymać straż vigiar a face de gardă сторожить byť na stráži stražiti čuvati stražu hålla vakt เฝ้ายาม nöbet tutmak, gözcülük etmek 站崗 стояти на вахті خبردار رہنا luôn cảnh giác 看守

keep → يَحفَظ nechat (si) holde behalten διατηρώ guardar, mantenerse säilyttää garder zadržati tenere 持ち続ける ...을 간직하다 houden beholde zatrzymywać guardar держать behåll เก็บ tutmak giữ 保持

keep (redirected from keeps up)

keep
(redirected from keeps up)