must

must ¹  (mst)

v.

v.aux.

1. To be obliged or required by morality, law, or custom: Citizens must register in order to vote.

2. To be compelled, as by a physical necessity or requirement: Plants must have oxygen in order to live.

3. Used to express a command or admonition: You must not go there alone. You simply must be careful.

4. To be determined to; have as a fixed resolve: If you must leave, do it quietly.

5.

a. Used to indicate inevitability or certainty: We all must die.

b. Used to indicate logical probability or presumptive certainty: If the lights were on, they must have been at home.

v.intr. Archaic

To be required or obliged to go: "I must from hence" (Shakespeare).

n.

Something that is absolutely required or indispensable: Promptness on the job is a must. Comfortable boots are a must when going on a hike.

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[Middle English moste, from Old English mste, past tense of mtan, to be allowed; see med- in Indo-European roots.]

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must ²  (mst)

n.

The quality or condition of being stale or musty.

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[Probably back-formation from musty.]

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must ³  (mst)

n.

The unfermented or fermenting juice expressed from fruit, especially grapes.

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[Middle English, from Old English, from Latin mustum, from neuter of mustus, new, fresh.]

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must ⁴  (mst)

n.

Variant of musth.

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must ⁵  (mst)

n.

Musk.

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[Scottish, from Old French, variant of musc; see musk.]

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must¹

vb (takes an infinitive without to or an implied infinitive)

1. used as an auxiliary to express obligation or compulsion: you must pay your dues. In this sense, must does not form a negative. If used with a negative infinitive it indicates obligatory prohibition

2. used as an auxiliary to indicate necessity I must go to the bank tomorrow

3. used as an auxiliary to indicate the probable correctness of a statement he must be there by now

4. used as an auxiliary to indicate inevitability all good things must come to an end

5. used as an auxiliary to express resolution

a.  on the part of the speaker when used with I or we I must finish this

b.  on the part of another or others as imputed to them by the speaker, when used with you, he, she, they, etc. let him get drunk if he must

6. (used emphatically) used as an auxiliary to express conviction or certainty on the part of the speaker he must have reached the town by now, surely you must be joking

7. (foll by away) used with an implied verb of motion to express compelling haste I must away

n

an essential or necessary thing strong shoes are a must for hill walking

[Old English mōste past tense of mōtan to be allowed, be obliged to; related to Old Saxon mōtan, Old High German muozan, German müssen]

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must²

n

(Miscellaneous Technologies / Brewing) the newly pressed juice of grapes or other fruit ready for fermentation

[Old English, from Latin mustum new wine, must, from mustus (adj) newborn]

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must³

n

mustiness or mould

[back formation from musty]

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must⁴

n

(Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Zoology) a variant spelling of musth

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	must - a necessary or essential thing; "seat belts are an absolute must" essential, necessary, requisite, necessity, requirement - anything indispensable; "food and shelter are necessities of life"; "the essentials of the good life"; "allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions"; "a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained"
	2.	must - grape juice before or during fermentation grape juice - the juice of grapes
	3.	must - the quality of smelling or tasting old or stale or mouldy moldiness, mustiness staleness - having lost purity and freshness as a consequence of aging
Adj.	1.	must - highly recommended; "a book that is must reading" essential - basic and fundamental; "the essential feature"

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must¹

noun

necessity, essential, requirement, duty, fundamental, obligation, imperative, requisite, prerequisite, sine qua non (Latin), necessary thing A visit to the motor museum is a must.

verb

ought to, have to, should, need to, be required to, have got to, be obliged to, be compelled to, be under an obligation to Mr. Allen must pay your legal costs.

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must²

noun mould, rot, decay, mildew, mustiness, fustiness, fetor, mouldiness The air was heady with the smell of must.

Translations

must² [mʌst]

A. MODAL AUX VB

1. (obligation) → deber, tener que
I must do it → debo hacerlo, tengo que hacerlo
the patient must have complete quiet → el enfermo debe tener or tiene que tener or requiere silencio absoluto
I must buy some presents → tengo que comprar unos regalos
you must come again next year → tienes que volver el año que viene
you mustn't forget to send her a card → no te vayas a olvidar de mandarle una tarjeta
you mustn't touch it → no debes tocarlo
"must not be switched off" → no debe apagarse
I'll do it if I must → si me obligan, lo haré, lo haré si es necesario
do it if you must → hazlo si es necesario
if you must know, I'm Portuguese → para que lo sepa, soy portugués
one must not be too hopeful → no hay que ser demasiado optimista
I really must go now → de verdad que me tengo que ir ya
I must say, he's very irritating → tengo que decir que es muy irritante
why must you always be so rude? → ¿por qué tienes que ser siempre tan maleducado?

2. (probability) → deber de
you must be tired → debes de estar cansado
it must be cold up there → debe de hacer frío allí arriba
he must be there by now → ya debe de estar allí
it must be eight o'clock by now → ya deben de ser las ocho
but you must have seen her! → ¡pero debes de haberla visto!
there must be a reason → debe de haber or tiene que haber una razón

B. N this programme is a must → no hay que perderse este programa, este programa hay que verlo

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must [ˈmʌst](STRONG) [məst]

modal aux vb

(obligation)
I must buy some presents → Il faut que j'achète des cadeaux.
I really must go now → Il faut que j'y aille.
I must do it → il faut que je le fasse, je dois le faire

(urging, inviting)
You mustn't forget to send her a card → N'oublie surtout pas de lui envoyer une carte.
You must come and see us → Venez donc nous voir.

(necessity) if you must ... (= if you have to) → si vous devez absolument ...
If you must smoke → Si vous devez absolument fumer ... (= if you insist) → si tu y tiens absolument
OK, if I must!
BUT d'accord , s'il le faut!.
if you must know → si tu veux tout savoir
must you ...?
Must you be so careless? → Faut-il vraiment que tu sois si négligent?

(probability)
You must be tired → Tu dois être fatigué.
They must have plenty of money → Ils doivent avoir beaucoup d'argent.
There must be some problem → il doit y avoir un problème.
He must be there by now → Il doit y être maintenant., Il y est probablement maintenant.
I must have made a mistake → J'ai dû me tromper.

(for emphasis) you must be joking! → tu plaisantes!
I must be mad! → je suis fou, ma parole !

n
to be a must (= necessary) → être indispensable (= not to be missed) → être un must (= something one should try)
The lamb served in a tagine is a must → La tagine d'agneau est à goûter absolument.

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must¹

vb aux present tense only

→ müssen; you must (go and) see this church → Sie müssen sich (dat) → diese Kirche unbedingt ansehen; do it if you must → tu, was du nicht lassen kannst; if you must know → wenn du es unbedingt wissen willst; must you/I etc? (= really?) → ja (wirklich)?; (= do you/I have to?) → muss das sein?; we must away (old) → wir müssen fort

(in neg sentences) → dürfen; I mustn’t forget that → ich darf das nicht vergessen

(= be certain to) he must be there by now → er ist wohl inzwischen da; (= is bound to) → er ist inzwischen bestimmt da, er muss (wohl) inzwischen da sein; he (surely) must be there by now → er MUSS doch inzwischen da sein; I must have lost it → ich habe es wohl verloren, ich muss es wohl verloren haben; (with stress on must) → ich muss es verloren haben; you must have heard of him → Sie haben bestimmt schon von ihm gehört; (with stress on must) → Sie müssen doch schon von ihm gehört haben; there must have been five of them → es müssen fünf gewesen sein; (about five) → es waren wohl etwa fünf; (at least five) → es waren bestimmt fünf; he must be older than that → er muss älter sein; there must be a reason for it → es gibt bestimmt eine Erklärung dafür; (with stress on must) → es muss doch eine Erklärung dafür geben; it must be about 3 o’clock → es wird wohl (so) etwa 3 Uhr sein, es muss so gegen 3 Uhr sein; I must have been dreaming → da habe ich wohl geträumt; I must have been mad → ich muss (wohl) wahnsinnig gewesen sein; you must be crazy! → du bist ja or wohl wahnsinnig!

(showing annoyance) → müssen; he must come just now → natürlich muss er gerade jetzt kommen

n (inf) → Muss nt; a sense of humour (Brit) or humor (US) /an umbrella is a must → man braucht unbedingt Humor/einen Schirm, Humor/ein Schirm ist unerlässlich; tighter security is a must → bessere Sicherheitskontrollen sind unerlässlich; this novel/film is a must for everyone → diesen Roman/diesen Film muss man einfach or unbedingt gelesen/gesehen haben

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must²

n (= mustiness) → Muffigkeit f

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must³

n (Winemaking) → Most m

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must¹ [mʌst] modal aux vb

1.

a. (obligation) → dovere
I must do it → devo farlo
if you must → se proprio devi
one must not be too hopeful → non bisogna sperare troppo
there must be a reason → ci deve (pur) essere un motivo
I must say → francamente

b. (probability) he must be there by now → dovrebbe essere arrivato ormai
it must be cold up there → dev'essere freddo lassù
I must have made a mistake → devo essermi sbagliato

2. n (fam) this programme/trip is a must → è un programma/viaggio da non perdere

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must¹ [mʌst] modal aux vb

1.

a. (obligation) → dovere
I must do it → devo farlo
if you must → se proprio devi
one must not be too hopeful → non bisogna sperare troppo
there must be a reason → ci deve (pur) essere un motivo
I must say → francamente

b. (probability) he must be there by now → dovrebbe essere arrivato ormai
it must be cold up there → dev'essere freddo lassù
I must have made a mistake → devo essermi sbagliato

2. n (fam) this programme/trip is a must → è un programma/viaggio da non perdere

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must³ [mʌst] n (in wine-making) → mosto

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must³ [mʌst] n (in wine-making) → mosto

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must

v must [mast]

1 used with another verb to express need We must go to the shops to get milk. moet يَجِب имам нужда muset måtte; skulle müssen πρέπει (να) deber, tener que pidama بايد täytyä devoir חַייָב चाहिये morati kell; (tagadó alakban:) nem szabad perlu verður, má til dovere ～する必要がある (필요) ...하지 않으면 안 된다 turėti, reikėti (izsaka nepieciešamību) mesti moeten måtte musieć ter de a trebui нужно musieť morati morati måste ต้อง ...-meli/-malı (與另一動詞連用﹐表示必須) модальне дієслово, що виражає необхідність فعل کے ساتھ لزوم ظاہر کرنے کے لئے مستعمل phải 必须

2 used, usually with another verb, to suggest a probability They must be finding it very difficult to live in such a small house. waarskynlik أكيد أن ، لا بُد أن има вероятност muset måtte müssen (Konjunktiv) πρέπει (να), ασφαλώς (για να δηλώσει πιθανότητα) deber arvatavasti بايد varmaankin devoir בְּווַדַאי संभावना जताने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है može biti da bizonyára... mungkin hlÿtur dovere ～にちがいない (강한 추정) ...임에 틀림 없다 tikriausiai (izsaka ticamu iespējamību) mungkin moeten måtte musieć dever a trebui должно быть musieť gotovo... morati måste น่าจะ (herhâlde) ...-meli/malı 很可能 модальне дієслово, що виражає можливість, очевидність فعل کے ساتھ امکان ظاہر کرنے کے لئے مستعمل cần 很可能

3 used, usually with another verb, to express duty, an order, rule etc You must come home before midnight; All competitors must be under 15 years of age. moet عَلَيْكَ أن، يَجِب أن، من الواجِب أن заповядвам muset skulle müssen οφείλω, πρέπει (να) deber pidama بايد täytyä devoir חַייָב फर्ज, क्रम या नियम दिखाने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है morati kell harus verður dovere ～ねばならない (의무) ...해야 하다 privalėti, būtinai turėti (izsaka nepieciešamību pienākuma/kārtības u.tml. dēļ) mesti moeten måtte, skulle musieć dever a trebui должен musieť morati morati måste จำเป็นต้อง ...-meli/-malı (表示責任﹑命令﹑規定等)應當 модальне дієслово, що виражає повинність, зобов'язання فعل کے ساتھ حکم یا فرض ظاہر کرنے کے لئے مستعمل cần thiết 应当

n

something necessary, essential, or not to be missed This new tent is a must for the serious camper. moet, noodsaaklikheid ضَرورَه، شَيء حَيَوي задължително нещо nezbytnost nødvendighed das Muß απαραίτητο πράγμα algo imprescindible vältimatu asi ضرورى välttämättömyys chose indispensable חוֹבָה अनिवार्य nepobitna potreba kötelező (dolog) keharusan e-ð nauðsynlegt must, (cosa indispensabile) 絶対必要なもの (절대로) 필요한 것 būtinybė, privalomas daiktas nepieciešamība; neatliekama vajadzība mesti vetreiste noe en må ha, noe absolutt nødvendig, nødvendighet(er) konieczność necessidade obiect indispensabil необходимость nevyhnutnosť nujnost obaveza måste สิ่งจำเป็น zorunluluk, şart 不可少的事物 необхідність ضروری یا لازمی شے chắc hẳn 不可少的事物

must have

used to state a probability about something in the past She must have been very young when she got married. moes, was waarskynlik لا بد أن، بِالتَّأكيد би трябвало да е muset být må have muß gewesen πρέπει να ήταν, ασφαλώς ήταν (για να δηλώσει πιθανότητα στο παρελθόν) deber haberse pidi olema باید olla varmaankin avoir dû בֶּטַח अतीत की संभावनाओं को जताने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है mora biti da bizonyára... pasti hlÿtur að hafa verið dover essere ～したにちがいない (과거에) ...했음에 틀림이 없다 tikriausiai droši vien mungkin moeten måtte ha musieć dever ser a trebui să fie наверное, вероятно musieť byť gotovo ... mora da måste ha ใช้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความน่าจะเป็นไปได้ที่อาจเกิดขึ้่นในอดีต (herhâlde) ...-mişti (表示過去發生某事的可能性)諒必 можливо, був ماضي کے متعلق قیاس ظاہر کرنے کے لئے مستعمل có thể (trong quá khứ) 谅必

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must → يَجِب muset må müssen πρέπει deber täytyä devoir morati dovere ･･･しなければならない ...해야 한다 moeten må musieć dever быть должным måste ต้อง Zorunda olmak phải 必须