back (redirected from on back)

back ¹  (bk)

n.

1.

a. The posterior portion of the trunk of the human body between the neck and the pelvis; the dorsum.

b. The analogous dorsal region in other animals.

2. The backbone or spine.

3. The part or area farthest from the front.

4. The part opposite to or behind that adapted for view or use: the back of the hand; wrote on the back of the photograph.

5. The reverse side, as of a coin.

6. A part that supports or strengthens from the rear: the back of a couch.

7.

a. The part of a book where the pages are stitched or glued together into the binding.

b. The binding itself.

8. Sports

a. A player who takes a position behind the front line of other players in certain games, such as football and soccer.

b. This playing position.

v. backed, back·ing, backs

v.tr.

1. To cause to move backward or in a reverse direction: Back the car up and then make the turn.

2. To furnish or strengthen with a back or backing.

3. To provide with financial or moral support; support or endorse: Unions backed the pro-labor candidate. See Synonyms at support.

4. To provide with musical accompaniment. Often used with up.

5. To bet or wager on.

6. To adduce evidence in support of; substantiate: backed the argument with facts.

7. To form the back or background of: Snowcapped mountains back the village.

v.intr.

1. To move backward: backed out of the garage.

2. To shift to a counterclockwise direction. Used of the wind.

adj.

1. Located or placed in the rear: Deliveries should be made at the back entrance.

2. Distant from a center of activity; remote.

3. Of a past date; not current: a back issue of a periodical.

4. Being owed or due from an earlier time; in arrears: back pay.

5. Being in a backward direction.

6. Linguistics Pronounced with the back of the tongue, as oo in cool. Used of vowels.

adv.

1. At, to, or toward the rear or back; backward.

2. In, to, or toward a former location: went back for the class reunion.

3. In, to, or toward a former condition.

4. In, to, or toward a past time.

5. In reserve or concealment.

6. In check or under restraint: Barriers held the crowd back.

7. In reply or return.

Phrasal Verbs:

back away

To withdraw from a position; retreat.

back down

To withdraw from a position, opinion, or commitment.

back off

To retreat or draw away.

back out

1. To withdraw from something before completion.

2. To fail to keep a commitment or promise.

back up

1. To cause to accumulate or undergo accumulation: The accident backed the traffic up for blocks. Traffic backed up in the tunnel.

2. Computer Science To make a backup of (a program or file).

Idioms:

back and fill

1. Nautical To maneuver a vessel in a narrow channel by adjusting the sails so as to let the wind in and out of them in alteration.

2. To vacillate in one's actions or decisions.

back to back

Consecutively and without interruption: presented three speeches back to back.

behind (one's) back

In one's absence or without one's knowledge.

have (one's) back up

To be angry or irritated.

off (someone's) back

No longer nagging or urging someone to do something.

on (someone's) back

Persistently nagging or urging someone to do something.

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[Middle English bak, from Old English bæc.]

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backless adj.

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back

Noun

1. the rear part of the human body, from the neck to the pelvis

2. the spinal column

3. the part or side of an object opposite the front

4. the part of anything less often seen or used

5. Ball games a defensive player or position

6. not in one's conscious thoughts

7. behind someone's back secretly or deceitfully

8. put or get someone's back up to annoy someone

9. turn one's back on someone to refuse to help someone

Verb

1. to move or cause to move backwards

2. to provide money for (a person or enterprise)

3. to bet on the success of: to back a horse

4. to provide (a pop singer) with a musical accompaniment

5. (foll. by on, onto)to have the back facing (towards): his garden backs onto a school

6. (of the wind) to change direction anticlockwise

Adjective

1. situated behind: back garden

2. owing from an earlier date: back rent

3. remote: a back road

Adverb

1. at, to, or towards the rear

2. to or towards the original starting point or condition: I went back home

3. in reply or retaliation: to hit someone back

4. in concealment or reserve: to keep something back

5. back and forth to and fro

6. back to front

a. in reverse

b. in disorder

See also back down, back off, etc. [Old English bæc]

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	back - the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; "his back was nicely tanned" dorsum saddle - posterior part of the back of a domestic fowl body part - any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity torso, trunk, body - the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; "they moved their arms and legs and bodies" small - the slender part of the back lat, latissimus dorsi - a broad flat muscle on either side of the back dorsal vertebra, thoracic vertebra - one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra - one of 5 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; lumbar vertebrae extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae
	2.	back - the side that goes last or is not normally seen; "he wrote the date on the back of the photograph" rear side - an extended outer surface of an object; "he turned the box over to examine the bottom side"; "they painted all four sides of the house" after part, stern, poop, tail, quarter - the rear part of a ship empennage, tail assembly, tail - the rear part of an aircraft
	3.	back - the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; "he stood at the back of the stage"; "it was hidden in the rear of the store" rear position, place - the particular portion of space occupied by something; "he put the lamp back in its place" front - the part of something that is nearest to the normal viewer; "he walked to the front of the stage"
	4.	back - (football) a person who plays in the backfield football, football game - any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal flanker, flanker back - a back stationed wide of the scrimmage line; used as a pass receiver football player, footballer - an athlete who plays American football field general, quarterback, signal caller - (football) the person who plays quarterback running back - (football) a back on the offensive team (a fullback or halfback) who tries to advance the ball by carrying it on plays from the line of scrimmage tailback - (American football) the person who plays tailback wingback - (football) the person who plays wingback
	5.	back - the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back" spinal column, spine, vertebral column, rachis, backbone notochord - a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates chine - backbone of an animal canalis vertebralis, spinal canal, vertebral canal - the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes coccyx, tail bone - the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes vertebra - one of the bony segments of the spinal column intervertebral disc, intervertebral disk - a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all of the vertebrae of the spinal column (except between the first two) skeletal structure - any structure created by the skeleton of an organism axial skeleton - the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs
	6.	back - the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; "the book had a leather binding" book binding, cover, binding book, volume - physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together; "he used a large book as a doorstop" half binding - book binding in which the spine and part of the sides are bound in one material and the rest in another protective cover, protective covering, protection - a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury; "they had no protection from the fallout"; "wax provided protection for the floors" three-quarter binding - the spine and much of the sides are a different material from the rest of the cover
	7.	back - the part of a garment that covers the back of your body; "they pinned a `kick me' sign on his back" cloth covering - a covering made of cloth
	8.	back - a support that you can lean against while sitting; "the back of the dental chair was adjustable" backrest cantle - the back of a saddle seat car seat - a seat in a car chair - a seat for one person, with a support for the back; "he put his coat over the back of the chair and sat down" ladder-back - the backrest of a chair that consists of two uprights with connecting slats support - any device that bears the weight of another thing; "there was no place to attach supports for a shelf"
	9.	back - (American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage American football, American football game - a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays position - (in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player; "what position does he play?" line backer, linebacker - (American football) the position of a defensive football player who plays close behind the line of scrimmage field general, quarterback, signal caller - (American football) the position of the football player in the backfield who directs the offensive play of his team; "quarterback is the most important position on the team" fullback - (American football) the position of a back on a football team halfback - (American football) the position of a back on a football team tailback - (American football) the position of the offensive back on a football team who lines up farthest from the line of scrimmage wingback - (American football) the position of the offensive back who lines up behind or outside the end backfield - the offensive football players who line up behind the linemen secondary - the defensive football players who line up behind the linemen
Verb	1.	back - be behind; approve of; "He plumped for the Labor Party"; "I backed Kennedy in 1960" endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support approve, O.K., okay, sanction - give sanction to; "I approve of his educational policies" warrant, guarantee - stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of; "The dealer warrants all the cars he sells"; "I warrant this information" champion, defend - protect or fight for as a champion second, endorse, indorse, back - give support or one's approval to; "I'll second that motion"; "I can't back this plan"; "endorse a new project"
	2.	back - travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "The car backed up and hit the tree" go, locomote, move, travel - change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically; "How fast does your new car go?"; "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus"; "The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect"; "The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell"; "news travelled fast" back out - move out of a space backwards; "He backed out of the driveway" back - cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking spot" back down, back off, back up - move backwards from a certain position; "The bully had to back down" back down, back off, back up - move backwards from a certain position; "The bully had to back down" back out - move out of a space backwards; "He backed out of the driveway" back down, back off, back up - move backwards from a certain position; "The bully had to back down"
	3.	back - give support or one's approval to; "I'll second that motion"; "I can't back this plan"; "endorse a new project" second, endorse, indorse back, endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support - be behind; approve of; "He plumped for the Labor Party"; "I backed Kennedy in 1960" back up, support - give moral or psychological support, aid, or courage to; "She supported him during the illness"; "Her children always backed her up"
	4.	back - cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking spot" back - travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "The car backed up and hit the tree" bring forward, advance - cause to move forward; "Can you move the car seat forward?"
	5.	back - support financial backing for; "back this enterprise" finance - obtain or provide money for; "Can we finance the addition to our home?"
	6.	back - be in back of; "My garage backs their yard" lie - be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position front, face, look - be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to; "The house looks north"; "My backyard look onto the pond"; "The building faces the park"
	7.	back - place a bet on; "Which horse are you backing?"; "I'm betting on the new horse" bet on, gage, game, stake, punt ante - place one's stake parlay, double up - stake winnings from one bet on a subsequent wager wager, bet, play - stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse"
	8.	back - shift to a counterclockwise direction; "the wind backed" change over, shift, switch - make a shift in or exchange of; "First Joe led; then we switched" veer - shift to a clockwise direction; "the wind veered"
	9.	back - establish as valid or genuine; "Can you back up your claims?" back up affirm, confirm, corroborate, substantiate, support, sustain - establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"
	10.	back - strengthen by providing with a back or backing strengthen - gain strength; "His body strengthened"
Adj.	1.	back - related to or located at the back; "the back yard"; "the back entrance" posterior - located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure aft - (nautical, aeronautical) situated at or toward the stern or tail front - relating to or located in the front; "the front lines"; "the front porch"
	2.	back - located at or near the back of an animal; "back (or hind) legs"; "the hinder part of a carcass" hind, hinder posterior - located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure
	3.	back - of an earlier date; "back issues of the magazine" noncurrent - not current or belonging to the present time
Adv.	1.	back - in or to or toward a former location; "she went back to her parents' house"
	2.	back - at or to or toward the back or rear; "he moved back"; "tripped when he stepped backward"; "she looked rearward out the window of the car" backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards
	3.	back - in or to or toward an original condition; "he went back to sleep"
	4.	back - in or to or toward a past time; "set the clocks back an hour"; "never look back"; "lovers of the past looking fondly backward" backward ahead, forward - toward the future; forward in time; "I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring"; "I look forward to seeing you"
	5.	back - in reply; "he wrote back three days later"
	6.	back - in repayment or retaliation; "we paid back everything we had borrowed"; "he hit me and I hit him back"; "I was kept in after school for talking back to the teacher"

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back

noun 1. spine, backbone, vertebrae, spinal column, vertebral column

noun 2. rear, back end << OPPOSITE front

noun 3. reverse, rear, other side, wrong side, underside, flip side, verso

adjective 4. rear, << OPPOSITE front

adjective 5. rearmost, hind, hindmost

adjective 6. previous, earlier, former, past, elapsed << OPPOSITE future

adjective 7. tail, end, rear, posterior

verb 8. support, help, second, aid, champion, encourage, favour, defend, promote, sanction, sustain, assist, advocate, endorse, side with, stand up for, espouse, stand behind, countenance, abet, stick up for (informal) take up the cudgels for << OPPOSITE oppose

verb 9. subsidize, help, support, finance, sponsor, assist, underwrite

back down give in, collapse, withdraw, yield, concede, submit, surrender, comply, cave in (informal) capitulate, accede, admit defeat, back-pedal

back out withdraw, retire, give up, pull out, retreat, drop out, renege, cop out (slang) chicken out (informal) detach yourself

back someone up support, second, aid, assist, stand by, bolster behind someone's back secretly, covertly, surreptitiously, furtively, conspiratorially, sneakily, deceitfully >> adjective dorsal

Translations

back [bæk] n [of person] → espalda; [of animal] → lomo; [of hand, page] → dorso;

(as opposed to front) → parte f de atrás [of room] → fondo; [of chair] → respaldo;

(FOOTBALL) → defensa m;

to have one's back to the wall (fig) → estar entre la espada y la pared;

to break the back of a job → hacer lo más difícil de un trabajo;

back to front → al revés;

at the back of my mind was the thought that ... → en el fondo tenía la idea de que ... vt [+ candidate] (also: back up) → respaldar, apoyar [+ horse] (at races) → apostar a [+ car]; dar marcha atrás a or con

vi [car etc] → dar marcha atrás

adj (in compounds) → de atrás;

back seats/wheels (AUT) → asientos mpl/ruedas fpl traseros/as;

back garden/room → jardín m/habitación f de atrás;

back payments → pagos mpl con efecto retroactivo;

back rent → renta atrasada;

to take a back seat (fig) → pasar a segundo plano adv (= not forward) → (hacia) atrás;

he's back (= returned) → ha vuelto;

he ran back → volvió corriendo;

throw the ball back (= restitution) → devuelve la pelota;

can I have it back? → ¿me lo devuelve?;

he called back (again) → volvió a llamar;

back and forth → de acá para allá;

as far back as the 13th century → ya en el siglo XIII;

when will you be back? → ¿cuándo volverá?

back down vi → echarse atrás

back on to vt fus the house backs on to the golf course → por atrás la casa da al campo de golf

back out vi (of promise) → volverse atrás

back up vt (= support) [+ person] → apoyar: respaldar [+ theory]; defender [+ car]; dar marcha atrás a;

(COMPUT) → hacer una copia de reserva de

back [bæk] n [of person, horse] → dos m [of hand]; dos, revers m [of house]; derrière m [of car, train]; arrière m [of chair]; dossier m [of page]; verso m [of crowd];

can the people at the back hear me properly? → est-ce que les gens du fond peuvent m'entendre?;

(Football) → arrière m;

to have one's back to the wall (fig) → être au pied du mur;

to break the back of a job (Brit) → faire le gros d'un travail;

back to front → à l'envers vt (financially) → soutenir (financièrement) [+ candidate] (also: back up) → soutenir, appuyer [+ horse] (at races) → parier or miser sur [+ car]; (faire) reculer

vi → reculer; [car etc] → faire marche arrière

adj (in compounds) → de derrière, à l'arrière;

back seat/wheel (Aut) → siège m/roue f arrière inv;

back payments/rent → arriéré m de paiements/loyer;

back garden/room → jardin/pièce sur l'arrière;

to take a back seat (fig) → se contenter d'un second rôle, être relégué(e) au second plan adv (= not forward) → en arrière (= returned);

he's back → il est rentré, il est de retour;

when will you be back? → quand seras-tu de retour?;

he ran back → il est revenu en courant (= restitution);

throw the ball back → renvoie la balle;

can I have it back? → puis-je le ravoir?, peux-tu me le rendre? (= again);

he called back → il a rappelé

back down vi → rabattre de ses prétentions

back on to vt fus the house backs on to the golf course → la maison donne derrière sur le terrain de golf

back out vi (of promise) → se dédire

back up vt [+ person] → soutenir;

(Comput) → faire une copie de sauvegarde de

back [bæk] n → Rücken m;

(of house, page) → Rückseite f;

(of chair) → (Rücken)lehne f;

(of train) → Ende nt;

(Football) → Verteidiger m

vt (candidate) (also: back up) → unterstützen;

(horse) → setzen or wetten auf +acc;

(car) → zurücksetzen, zurückfahren

vi (also: back up) (person) → rückwärtsgehen;

(car etc) → zurücksetzen, zurückfahren

cpd (payment, rent) → ausstehend

adv → hinten;

in the back (of the car) → hinten (im Auto);

at the back of the book/crowd/audience → hinten im Buch/in der Menge/im Publikum;

back to front → verkehrt herum;

to break the back of a job (Brit) → mit einer Arbeit über den Berg sein;

to have one's back to the wall (fig) → in die Enge getrieben sein;

back room → Hinterzimmer nt;

back garden → Garten m (hinter dem Haus);

back seat (Aut) → Rücksitz m;

to take a back seat (fig) → sich zurückhalten;

back wheels → Hinterräder pl;

he's back → er ist zurück or wieder da;

throw the ball back → wirf den Ball zurück;

he called back → er rief zurück;

he ran back → er rannte zurück;

when will you be back? → wann kommen Sie wieder?;

can I have it back? → kann ich es zurückhaben or wiederhaben?

back down vi → nachgeben

back on to vt fus the house backs on to the golf course → das Haus grenzt hinten an den Golfplatz an

back out vi (of promise) → einen Rückzieher machen

back up vt (support) → unterstützen;

(Comput) → sichern

back [bæk] n [of person, horse] → dorso, schiena; [of hand] → dorso; [of house, car] → didietro; [of train] → coda; [of chair] → schienale m [of page] → rovescio;

(FOOTBALL) → difensore m;

back to front → all'incontrario;

to break the back of a job (BRIT) → fare il grosso or il peggio di un lavoro;

to have one's back to the wall (fig) → essere or trovarsi con le spalle al muro vt (financially) → finanziare [+ candidate] (also: back up) → appoggiare [+ horse] (at races) → puntare su [+ car]; guidare a marcia indietro

vi → indietreggiare; [car etc] → fare marcia indietro

adj (in compounds) → posteriore, di dietro; arretrato/a;

back seats/wheels (AUT) → sedili mpl/ruote fpl posteriori;

back payments/rent → arretrati mpl;

back garden/room → giardino/stanza sul retro (della casa);

to take a back seat (fig) → restare in secondo piano adv (= not forward) → indietro (= returned): he's back → è tornato;

when will you be back? → quando torni?;

he ran back → tornò indietro di corsa;

(restitution): throw the ball back → ritira la palla;

can I have it back? → posso riaverlo? (= again): he called back → ha richiamato

back down vi (fig) → fare marcia indietro

back on to vt fus the house backs on to the golf course → il retro della casa dà sul campo da golf

back out vi (of promise) → tirarsi indietro

back up vt (= support) → appoggiare, sostenere;

(COMPUT) → fare una copia di riserva di

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back

n back [bӕk]

1 in man, the part of the body from the neck to the bottom of the spine She lay on her back.rugظَهْرгръбzádarygder Rückenπλάτηespaldaselgپشت؛ کمرselkädosגַּבपीठleđahátpunggungbak, hryggurschiena背中(사람의) 등nugaramugurabelakangrugryggplecycostasspateспинаchrbáthrbetleđaryggหลังsırt, arka（人）背部спинаکمر، پُشتcái lưng（人）背部

2 in animals, the upper part of the body She put the saddle on the horse's back.rugظَهْرالحَيَوانгръбhřbetrygder Rückenράχη (για ζώο)lomoselgپشتselkädosגַּבपिछला हिस्साleđahátpunggungbak, hryggurdorso背(동물의) 등nugaramugurabelakangrugrygggrzbietdorsospateспинаchrbáthrbetleđaryggหลังsırt, arka（動物）背部，后面спинаپیٹھlưng động vật（动物）背部，后面

3 that part of anything opposite to or furthest from the front the back of the house; She sat at the back of the hall.agterkantظَهْر، الجِهَة الخَلفِيَّهзадна частzadní částbagside; bagerste deldie Rückseiteπίσω μέροςparte trasera, fondotagaosaپشت؛ عقبtakaosaarrièreצַד אֲחוֹרִי, גַּבपिछला हिस्साstražnji diohátuljabagian belakangbakatil, bakhlið, aftari eða fjarlægari hlutifondo, parte posterioreうしろ뒤(쪽)užpakalis, galasotrā puse; aizmugurebelakangachterkantbakside, bakerste deltyłtraseirasspate; fundзадняя частьzadná časťhrbtna stran, zadnji delstražnji deopå baksidan, längst bak (in)ด้านหลังarka, arka taraf背面тилپیچھےđằng sau背面

4 in football, hockey etc a player who plays behind the forwards. agterspelerدِفاع، ظَهيرзащитникobráncebackder/die Verteidiger/-inοπισθοφύλακας, αμυντικός (π.χ. στο ποδόσφαιρο)defensakaitsjaبازیکن عقب؛ دفاعpuolustajaarrièreמָגֶןफारवर्ड के पीछे खेलने वालाbekhátvédpemain belakangbakvörðurdifensore, terzino後衛후위, 백gynėjasaizsargs (futbolā u.tml.)bekachterspelerbackpomocnikdefesaзащитникobrancabranilecbekbackกองหลังbek（足球等的）后衛захисник у футболіبیک ، پُشتیhậu vệ（足球等的）后卫

adj

of or at the back the back door.agtersteخَلفيзаденzadníbag-rückwärtigοπίσθιοςde detrás, traserotaga-, selja-عقبی؛ پشتیtaka-, selkä-de derrièreגַבִּיपीछे काstražnjihátsóbelakangaftur-, bak-posterioreうしろの뒤(쪽)의užpakalinisaizmugures; pakaļējaisbelakangachter-bak-, bakre; rygg-tylnytraseirodin spateзаднийzadnýzadnjistražnjibak-, bakreข้างหลังarka, arkada, arkadaki后面的заднійپچھلاđằng sau后面的

adv

1 to, or at, the place or person from which a person or thing came I went back to the shop; He gave the car back to its owner.terugإلىобратноzpátky, nazpěttilbagezurückπίσω, στην αρχική θέση)de vueltatagasiبازگشتن؛ پس دادنtakaisinde retourחֲזָרָהवापसnatraghátra, visszakembalitil baka, afturindietroもとへ되돌아가서, 되돌려atgalatpakaļsemulaterugtilbake, igjenz powrotemde voltaînapoiобратно, назадspäť, naspäťnazajnazadtillbakaกลับคืนgeri, geriye回原處назадواپسtrở lại回原处

2 away (from something); not near (something) Move back! Let the ambulance get to the injured man; Keep back from me or I'll hit you!terug, terugwaartsبَعيداотдалеченоzpět, pryč, dáltilbage; vækzurückμακριάhacia atrás, para atráseemale, eemalعقب؛ کنارpoisen arrièreלְאָחוֹר, אָחוֹרָהपीछेकीओरdaljehátrafelé, el-munduraftur, fráindietro離れて저리로tolyn, šalinsāņusjauhachteruitbakover, vekkdaleko, dalejpara trásînapoi; la o parteназад; подальшеpreč, ďalejstranunazadtillbaka, bakåt, undanถอยหลังuzakta, geride, arkada向后осторонь, віддалікپرے، دورcách xa向后

3 towards the back (of something) Sit back in your chair.agteroor, terugإلى الخَلْفназадdozadutilbagezurückπρος τα πίσωhacia atrás, para atrástahapooleبه عقبtaaksepäinen arrièreלְאָחוֹר, אָחוֹרָהनियंत्रण मेंnatraghátrafelémenyandaraftur (í)indietro奥深く안(쪽)으로arti atramos[] pretdiachteruittilbakedo tyłupara trásjosоткинувшись назадdozaduzadajnazadbakåt, tillbakaพิงหลังgerisine, arkasına向后до спинки (стільця)کسی چیز کے پیچھےquay trở lại向后

4 in return; in response to When the teacher is scolding you, don't answer back.terugبِالمُقابِل، كَرَدِّ فِعْلобратноv odpověďigenzurückπίσω (δηλ. ως απάντηση ή ανταπόδοση)de vueltatagasi, vastuدر پاسخ به؛ در مقابلtakaisinen retourבַּחֲזָרָהपहलेnatragvisszamelawantil baka, á mótiindietro; (rispondere)返して돌려 주어atsilygindamas, atsikirsdamas, atgal[] pretībalasterugigjenw odpowiedzi, z powrotemde voltaîn schimb; înapoiв ответodpovedať, odvrávaťnazajzauzvratemot, tillbakaย้อนกลับkarşılık olarak, cevap olarak答复у відповідьجواباًphản ứng lại答复

5 to, or in, the past Think back to your childhood.terugإلى الوَراءназадzpět (do minulosti)tilbage tilzurückστο παρελθόνatrástagasiبه یا در گذشتهtaaksepäinen arrièreלִפְנֵי, אֲחוֹרָהपीछेunatragvisszake masa lampauaftur (til)indietroさかのぼって옛날에į praeitį, praeityjepirms; agrākketerugtilbake tilw przeszłośćpara trásînapoi(тому) назадspäť (do minulosti)nazaju prošlostitillbaka, bakåtย้อนหลังgeçmişe, önce, geriye回溯в минуломуگذشتہnghĩ lại回溯

v

1 to (cause to) move backwards He backed (his car) out of the garage.terug beweeg, agteruit beweegيُعيد الى الخَلْفвръщам(vy)couvatbakke(sich) rückwärts bewegenκινούμαι προς τα πίσωdar marcha atrás, mover hacia atrástagurdamaعقب عقب رفتنperuuttaafaire marche arrièreלִנְסוֹע לְאָחוֹרपीछे होनाvoziti prema natragtolatmemundurkanbakkafare marcia indietroうしろへさがる후진하다eiti/važiuoti atbulom, varyti atgalbraukt atpakaļgaitāberundur ke belakangachteruitrijdenryggecofaćrecuara da îna­poi, a merge în marşarierдавать задний ход(vy)cúvaťvzvratno peljativoziti unazadbackaถอยหลังgeri geri gitmek, gerilemek倒退іти заднім ходомپیچھے ہونا، پیچھے کرناlùi倒退

2 to help or support Will you back me against the others?ondersteunيُؤَيِّد، يَدْعَمподпомагамpodpořitstøtteunterstützen, Rückhalt bietenυποστηρίζωapoyartoetamaپشتیبانی کردنtukeasoutenirלִתְמוֹך, לְגַבּוֹתसमर्थन देनाpoduprijetitámogatmendukungstyðja (við bakið á)sostenere指示する후원하다palaikyti, remtiatbalstītsokongsteunenstøtte; bakke opppopieraćapoiara susţineподдерживатьpodporiťpodpretipodržatibacka upp, hjälpaหนุนหลังdesteklemek, arkalamak, arka çıkmak支持підтримуватиپشت پناہی کرناủng hộ支持

3 to bet or gamble on I backed your horse to win.wed opيُراهِن عَلىзалагам наvsadit si (na něco)satse (penge) på; holde påsetzen aufστοιχηματίζωapostar akihla vedamaشرط بستن رویlyödä vetoamiser surלְהָמֵר עַלसहारा देनाkladiti sefogad vmirebertaruhveðja (á)puntare賭ける...에 걸다lažintis, statyti sumąderētmempertaruhkanwedden opsatse (penger) på, holde påstawiać naapostara miza pe, a pune pariu peдержать париstaviť (na)staviti nakladiti se nahålla (spela, satsa) påวางเดิมพันbahse girmek下賭注在...上побитися об закладحمایت کرناđánh cuộc下赌注在...上

n ˈbacker

a person who supports someone or something, especially with money the backer of the new theatre.borg, ondersteunerمُؤيِّد، داعِم، مُناصِرподдръжникmecenáš, -ka, příznivec, -kyněstøtteder Fördererυποστηρικτής, χρηματοδότηςfinanciador, patrocinadortoetajaحامی؛ پشتیبانtukijacommanditaireתּוֹמֵךसहारादेनेवालाpodupirateljtámogatósponsorstuðningsmaðursostenitore後援者후원자rėmėjasatbalstītājspenyokongsponsorstøttespiller; en som veddersponsorfinanciadorsponsor, susţi­nă­torспонсорpodporovateľ, -kapodpornikfinansijerhjälpare, uppbackareผู้หนุนหลังdestekçi, hami, finansör贊助人，支持者той, хто допомагає комусь, субсидує когоپشت پناہngười ủng hộ赞助人，支持者

v ˈbackbite

to criticize a person when he is not present. beskinnerيَنْتَقِد، يَغْتابклеветяpomlouvatbagtaleverleumden, tratschenκακολογώ κπ. πίσω από την πλάτη τουhablar mal, por la espalda criticartaga rääkimaغیبت کردنpanetellamédire deלְהַשׁמִיץपीठ पीछे निंदा करनाocrniti, ogovaratifúr vkitmemfitnah, mengritik di belakangbaknaga, rægjasparlare, fare maldicenze陰口をきく험담하다apkalbėtiapmelot; celt neslavumengumpatroddelenbaktale, baksnakkeobmawiaćcriticara bârfiзлословитьohováraťobrekovatiklevetatibaktalaลอบกัดbirinin arkasından çekiştirmek背后說（人）坏話лихословити (про відсутнього)غیبت کرنا ، چغلی کھاناnói xấu sau lưng背后说（人）坏话

n ˈbackbiting

Constant backbiting by her colleagues led to her resignation.beskinnerderyإنتِقاد، اغتِيابклеветенеpomluvabagtalelsedie Verleumdung, das Tuschelnπίσω από κακόβουλος σχολιασμός που γίνεται την πλάτη κπ.murmuración, por la espalda críticatagarääkimineغیبتpanettelumédisanceהַשׁמָצָהचिगल खोरीogovaranjefúrásfitnahan, kritik di belakangbaknag, rógburðurmaldicenza中傷+험담, 중상apkalbėjimasapmelošana; neslavas celšanacercaanroddelbaksnakkingobmawianiemaledicênciabârfeзлословиеohováranieobrekovanjeklevetaförtalการลอบกัดçekiştirme受到不斷地誹謗, 中傷而辭職лихослів'я (про відсутнього)غیبت، چغلیsự nói xấu sau lưng诽谤

n ˈbackbone

1 the spine the backbone of a fish.graatالعَمود الفَقَريгръбнакpáteřrygraddas Rückgratσπονδυλική στήλη, ραχοκοκαλιάespina dorsalselgroogستون فقراتselkärankacolonne vertébrale, épine dorsaleעֲמוּד שִׁדְרָהरीढ की हड्डीkralježnicahátgerinctulang punggunghryggurspina dorsale, colonna vertebrale背骨등뼈nugarkaulismugurkaulstulang belakangruggegraatryggradkręgosłupespinhacoloană vertebrală, şira spinăriiпозвоночникchrbticahrbtenicakičmaryggradกระดูกสันหลังomurga, belkemiği脊骨спинний хребетریڑھ کی ہڈیxương sống脊骨

2 the chief support The older employees are the backbone of the industry.ruggraatالأساس، الأساس، الجُزء الأَهَـمгръбнакoporarygraddas Rückgratτο κύριο τμήμα, η ραχοκοκαλιά (μτφ.)piedra angular, sosténalustalaستون اصلیtukipilaripivotעָמוּד הַתָּווֶךoslonacgerince vminekpendukung utamauppistaða, meginstoðspina dorsale主力-대들보, 중추pagrindinis ramstispamats; būtībatunggakruggegraatryggradpodporaapoiopilon, temelieглавная опораoporasteberpotporaryggradเสาหลักbelkemiği, temel, esas主要支柱головна опораبڑا سہاراtrụ cột主要支柱

adj ˈbackbreaking

(of a task etc) very difficult or requiring very hard work Digging the garden is a backbreaking job.uitputtendقاصِم للظَّهْرмного изморителенvyčerpávajícíopslidendeerschöpfendεξαντλητικός, εξαιρετικά κοπιώδηςdeslomador, pesadokontimurdevشاق؛ کمرشکنuuvuttavaéreintantמְפָרֵךtežakkimerítőberat sekali, sangat melelahkanlÿjandi, erfiðurmassacrante骨の折れる매우 힘이 드는varginantis, alinantismokošs; smags (par darbu)beratzwaarslitsomwyczerpującypesadoistovitorизнурительныйvyčerpávajúciutrudljiviscrpljujućihård, slitsamต้องใช้ความพยายามอย่างมากçok zor, çok yorucu非常辛勞的виснажливийتھکا دینے والا ، کمر توڑmệt mỏi非常辛劳的

v ˌbackˈdate

1 to put an earlier date on (a cheque etc) He should have paid his bill last month and so he has backdated the cheque.agternadateerيُؤَرِّخ بِتاريخ سابِقслагам по-раншна датаantedatovattilbagedatere; baguddaterezurückdatierenβάζω