| hard (härd) adj. hard·er, hard·est 1. Resistant to pressure; not readily penetrated. 2. a. Physically toughened; rugged. b. Mentally toughened; strong-minded. 3. a. Requiring great effort or endurance: a hard assignment. b. Performed with or marked by great diligence or energy: a project that required years of hard work. c. Difficult to resolve, accomplish, or finish: That was a hard question. d. Difficult to understand or impart: Physics was the hardest of my courses. Thermodynamics is a hard course to teach. 4. a. Intense in force or degree: a hard blow. b. Inclement: a long, hard winter. 5. a. Stern or strict in nature or comportment: a hard taskmaster. b. Resistant to persuasion or appeal; obdurate. c. Making few concessions: drives a hard bargain. 6. a. Difficult to endure: a hard life. b. Oppressive or unjust in nature or effect: restrictions that were hard on welfare applicants. c. Lacking compassion or sympathy; callous. 7. a. Harsh or severe in effect or intention: said some hard things that I won't forget. b. Bitter; resentful: No hard feelings, I hope. 8. a. Causing damage or premature wear: Snow and ice are hard on a car's finish. b. Bad; adverse: hard luck. 9. Proceeding or performing with force, vigor, or persistence; assiduous: a hard worker. 10. a. Real and unassailable: hard evidence. b. Definite; firm: a hard commitment. c. Close; penetrating: We need to take a hard look at the situation. d. Free from illusion or bias; practical: brought some hard common sense to the discussion. e. Using or based on data that are readily quantified or verified: the hard sciences. 11. a. Marked by sharp outline or definition; stark. b. Lacking in delicacy, shading, or nuance. 12. Hard-core. 13. Being a turn in a specific direction at an angle more acute than other possible routes. 14. a. Metallic, as opposed to paper. Used of currency. b. Backed by bullion rather than by credit. Used of currency. c. High and stable. Used of prices. 15. a. Durable; lasting: hard merchandise. b. Written or printed rather than stored in electronic media: sent the information by hard mail. 16. Erect; tumid. Used of a penis. 17. a. Having high alcoholic content; intoxicating: hard liquor. b. Rendered alcoholic by fermentation; fermented: hard cider. 18. Containing dissolved salts that interfere with the lathering action of soap. Used of water. 19. Linguistics Velar, as in c in cake or g in log, as opposed to palatal or soft. 20. Physics Of relatively high energy; penetrating: hard x-rays. 21. High in gluten content: hard wheat. 22. Chemistry Resistant to biodegradation: a hard detergent. 23. Physically addictive. Used of certain illegal drugs, such as heroin. 24. Resistant to blast, heat, or radiation. Used especially of nuclear weapons. adv. Idioms: 1. With strenuous effort; intently: worked hard all day; stared hard at the accused criminal. 2. With great force, vigor, or energy: pressed hard on the lever. 3. In such a way as to cause great damage or hardship: industrial cities hit hard by unemployment. 4. With great distress, grief, or bitterness: took the divorce hard. 5. Firmly; securely: held hard to the railing. 6. Toward or into a solid condition: concrete that sets hard within a day. 7. Near in space or time; close: The factory stands hard by the railroad tracks. 8. Nautical Completely; fully: hard alee. hard and fast Defined, fixed, and invariable: hard and fast rules. hard of hearing 1. Having a partial loss of hearing. 2. One who has a partial loss of hearing. hard put Undergoing great difficulty: Under the circumstances, he was hard put to explain himself. hard up Informal In need; poor. [Middle English, from Old English heard; see kar- in Indo-European roots.] Synonyms: hard, difficult, arduous These adjectives mean requiring great physical or mental effort to do, achieve, or master. Hard is the most general term: "You write with ease to show your breeding,/But easy writing's curst hard reading" (Richard Brinsley Sheridan). Difficult and hard are interchangeable in many instances. Difficult, however, is often preferable where the need for skill or ingenuity is implied: "All poetry is difficult to read,/  The sense of it is, anyhow" (Robert Browning).Arduous applies to burdensome labor or sustained physical or spiritual effort: "knowledge at which [Isaac] Newton arrived through arduous and circuitous paths" (Thomas Macaulay). |
hard [hɑːd]
adj
1. firm or rigid; not easily dented, crushed, or pierced
2. toughened by or as if by physical labour; not soft or smooth hard hands
3. difficult to do or accomplish; arduous a hard task
4. difficult to understand or perceive a hard question
5. showing or requiring considerable physical or mental energy, effort, or application hard work a hard drinker
6. stern, cold, or intractable a hard judge
7. exacting; demanding a hard master
8. harsh; cruel a hard fate
9. inflicting pain, sorrow, distress, or hardship hard times
10. tough or adamant a hard man
11. forceful or violent a hard knock
12. cool or uncompromising we took a long hard look at our profit factor
13. indisputable; real hard facts
14. (Chemistry) Chem (of water) impairing the formation of a lather by soap See hardness [3]
15. practical, shrewd, or calculating he is a hard man in business
16. too harsh to be pleasant hard light
17. (Economics, Accounting & Finance / Banking & Finance)
a. (of cash, money, etc.) in coin and paper rather than cheques
b. (of currency) in strong demand, esp as a result of a good balance of payments situation
c. (of credit) difficult to obtain; tight
18. (Miscellaneous Technologies / Brewing) (of alcoholic drink) being a spirit rather than a wine, beer, etc. the hard stuff
19. (Medicine / Pharmacology) (of a drug such as heroin, morphine, or cocaine) highly addictive Compare soft [20]
20. (Physics / General Physics) Physics (of radiation, such as gamma rays and X-rays) having high energy and the ability to penetrate solids
21. (Physics / General Physics) Physics (of a vacuum) almost complete
22. (Business / Commerce) Chiefly US (of goods) durable
23. short for hard-core
24. (Communication Arts / Journalism & Publishing) (Communication Arts / Broadcasting) (of news coverage) concentrating on serious stories
25. (Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology) Phonetics
a. an older word for fortis
b. (not in modern technical usage) denoting the consonants c and g in English when they are pronounced as velar stops (k, g)
c. (of consonants in the Slavonic languages) not palatalized
26. (Military / Fortifications)
a. being heavily fortified and protected
b. (of nuclear missiles) located underground in massively reinforced silos
27. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) politically extreme the hard left
28. Brit and NZ informal incorrigible or disreputable (esp in the phrase a hard case)
29. (Cookery) (of bread, etc.) stale and old
a hard nut to crack
a. a person not easily persuaded or won over
b. a thing not easily understood
hard by near; close by
hard doer NZ a tough worker at anything
hard done by unfairly or badly treated
hard up Informal
a. in need of money; poor
b. (foll by for) in great need (of) hard up for suggestions
put the hard word on Austral and NZ informal to ask or demand something from
adv
1. with great energy, force, or vigour the team always played hard
2. as far as possible; all the way hard left
3. with application; earnestly or intently she thought hard about the formula
4. with great intensity, force, or violence his son's death hit him hard
5. (foll by on, upon, by, or after) close; near hard on his heels
6. (foll by at) assiduously; devotedly
7.
a. with effort or difficulty their victory was hard won
b. (in combination) hard-earned
8. slowly and reluctantly prejudice dies hard
go hard with to cause pain or difficulty to (someone) it will go hard with you if you don't tell the truth
hard at it working hard
hard put (to it) scarcely having the capacity (to do something) he's hard put to get to work by 9:30
n
1. any colorant that produces a harsh coarse appearance
2. (Engineering / Civil Engineering) Brit a roadway across a foreshore
3. Slang hard labour
4. Slang an erection of the penis (esp in the phrase get or have a hard on)
[Old English heard; related to Old Norse harthr, Old Frisian herd, Old High German herti, Gothic hardus hard, Greek kratus strong]
ThesaurusLegend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms
| Adj. | 1. | hard - not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; "a difficult task"; "nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access"; "difficult times"; "why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?" demanding - requiring more than usually expected or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill; "found the job very demanding"; "a baby can be so demanding" effortful - requiring great physical effort hard - dispassionate; "took a hard look"; "a hard bargainer"; |
| 2. | hard - dispassionate; "took a hard look"; "a hard bargainer"; difficult, hard - not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; "a difficult task"; "nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access"; "difficult times"; "why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?" merciless, unmerciful - having or showing no mercy; "the merciless enemy"; "a merciless critic"; "gave him a merciless beating" insensitive - deficient in human sensibility; not mentally or morally sensitive; "insensitive to the needs of the patients" tough - not given to gentleness or sentimentality; "a tough character" soft - compassionate and kind; conciliatory; "he was soft on his children" | |
| 3. | hard - resisting weight or pressure soft - yielding readily to pressure or weight | |
| 4. | hard - very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the chin"; "a knockout punch"; "a severe blow" strong - having strength or power greater than average or expected; "a strong radio signal"; "strong medicine"; "a strong man" | |
| 5. | hard - characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort; "worked their arduous way up the mining valley"; "a grueling campaign"; "hard labor"; "heavy work"; "heavy going"; "spent many laborious hours on the project"; "set a punishing pace" effortful - requiring great physical effort | |
| 6. | hard - produced without vibration of the vocal cords; "unvoiced consonants such as `p' and `k' and `s'" | |
| 7. | hard - (of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source | |
| 8. | hard - (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum; "Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants" soft - (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the hard palate; characterized by a hissing or hushing sound (as `s' and `sh') | |
| 9. | hard - given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors; "a hard drinker" indulgent - characterized by or given to yielding to the wishes of someone ; "indulgent grandparents" | |
| 10. | hard - being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content; "hard liquor" alcoholic - characteristic of or containing alcohol; "alcoholic drinks" | |
| 11. |  hard - unfortunate or hard to bear; "had hard luck"; "a tough break"bad - having undesirable or negative qualities; "a bad report card"; "his sloppy appearance made a bad impression"; "a bad little boy"; "clothes in bad shape"; "a bad cut"; "bad luck"; "the news was very bad"; "the reviews were bad"; "the pay is bad"; "it was a bad light for reading"; "the movie was a bad choice" | |
| 12. | hard - dried out; "hard dry rolls left over from the day before" stale - lacking freshness, palatability, or showing deterioration from age; "stale bread"; "the beer was stale" | |
| Adv. | 1. | hard - with effort or force or vigor; "the team played hard"; "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever"; "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard" |
| 2. | hard - with firmness; "held hard to the railing" | |
| 3. | hard - earnestly or intently; "thought hard about it"; "stared hard at the accused" | |
| 4. | hard - causing great damage or hardship; "industries hit hard by the depression"; "she was severely affected by the bank's failure" | |
| 5. | hard - slowly and with difficulty; "prejudices die hard" | |
| 6. | hard - indulging excessively; "he drank heavily" | |
| 7. | hard - into a solid condition; "concrete that sets hard within a few hours" | |
| 8. | hard - very near or close in space or time; "it stands hard by the railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike followed hard upon the plant's opening" | |
| 9. | hard - with pain or distress or bitterness; "he took the rejection very hard" | |
| 10. | hard - to the full extent possible; all the way; "hard alee"; "the ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left" |
hard
adjective
1. tough, strong, firm, solid, stiff, compact, rigid, resistant, dense, compressed, stony, impenetrable, inflexible, unyielding, rocklike He stamped his feet on the hard floor.
tough soft, weak, flexible, malleable, pliable
tough soft, weak, flexible, malleable, pliable
2. difficult, involved, complex, complicated, puzzling, tangled, baffling, intricate, perplexing, impenetrable, thorny, knotty, unfathomable, ticklish That's a very hard question.
difficult easy, simple, straightforward, clear, direct, uncomplicated, easy-peasy (slang)
difficult easy, simple, straightforward, clear, direct, uncomplicated, easy-peasy (slang)
3. exhausting, tough, exacting, formidable, fatiguing, wearying, rigorous, uphill, gruelling, strenuous, arduous, laborious, burdensome, Herculean, backbreaking, toilsome Coping with three babies is very hard work.
exhausting light, easy, soft, lazy, easy-peasy (slang)
exhausting light, easy, soft, lazy, easy-peasy (slang)
4. forceful, strong, powerful, driving, heavy, sharp, violent, smart, tremendous, fierce, vigorous, hefty He gave her a hard push which toppled her backwards.
5. harsh, severe, strict, cold, exacting, cruel, grim, stern, ruthless, stubborn, unjust, callous, unkind, unrelenting, implacable, unsympathetic, pitiless, unfeeling, obdurate, unsparing, affectless, hardhearted His father was a hard man.
harsh kind, good, gentle, flexible, mild, careless, humane, amiable, lenient, permissive, merciful
harsh kind, good, gentle, flexible, mild, careless, humane, amiable, lenient, permissive, merciful
6. grim, dark, painful, distressing, harsh, disastrous, unpleasant, intolerable, grievous, disagreeable, calamitous Those were hard times.
7. definite, reliable, verified, cold, plain, actual, bare, undeniable, indisputable, verifiable, unquestionable, unvarnished He wanted more hard evidence.
8. bitter, angry, hostile, resentful, acrimonious, embittered, antagonistic, rancorous I struck him, and dismissed him with hard words.
adverb
1. strenuously, steadily, persistently, earnestly, determinedly, doggedly, diligently, energetically, assiduously, industriously, untiringly I'll work hard. I don't want to let him down.
3. forcefully, strongly, heavily, sharply, severely, fiercely, vigorously, intensely, violently, powerfully, forcibly, with all your might, with might and main I kicked a dustbin very hard and broke my toe.
forcefully lightly, softly, weakly, loosely, lazily
forcefully lightly, softly, weakly, loosely, lazily
4. with difficulty, painfully, laboriously the hard won rights of the working woman
hard and fast fixed, strict, rigid, binding, definite, clear-cut, stringent, cast-iron, inflexible, immutable, incontrovertible, invariable, unalterable There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to garden design.
Translations
hard [hɑːd]
A. ADJ (harder (compar) (hardest (superl)))
1. (= not soft) [object, substance, cheese, skin] → duro; [ground, snow] → duro, compacto
baked hard → endurecido(al sol o en el horno)
to become or go hard → ponerse duro, endurecerse
the water is very hard here → aquí el agua es muy dura or tiene mucha cal
to be as hard as nails [person] (physically) → ser duro como una roca
(as) hard as a rock [object] → (tan)duro como una piedra
see also nut
baked hard → endurecido(al sol o en el horno)
to become or go hard → ponerse duro, endurecerse
the water is very hard here → aquí el agua es muy dura or tiene mucha cal
to be as hard as nails [person] (physically) → ser duro como una roca
(as) hard as a rock [object] → (tan)duro como una piedra
see also nut
2. (= harsh, severe) [climate, winter, person] → duro, severo; [frost] → fuerte; [words, tone] → duro, áspero; [expression, eyes, voice] → serio, duro; [drink, liquor] → fuerte; [drugs] → duro; [fact] → concreto; [evidence] → irrefutable
a hard blow (fig) → un duro golpe
to take a long hard look at sth → examinar algo detenidamente
to be hard on sb → ser muy duro con algn, darle duro a algn(LAm)
don't be so hard on him, it's not his fault → no seas tan duro con él, no es culpa suya
aren't you being a bit hard on yourself? → ¿no estás siendo un poco duro contigo mismo?
to be hard on one's clothes → destrozar la ropa
the light was hard on the eyes → la luz hacía daño a los ojos
to be as hard as nails (in temperament) → ser muy duro, tener el corazón muy duro
see also feeling
a hard blow (fig) → un duro golpe
to take a long hard look at sth → examinar algo detenidamente
to be hard on sb → ser muy duro con algn, darle duro a algn(LAm)
don't be so hard on him, it's not his fault → no seas tan duro con él, no es culpa suya
aren't you being a bit hard on yourself? → ¿no estás siendo un poco duro contigo mismo?
to be hard on one's clothes → destrozar la ropa
the light was hard on the eyes → la luz hacía daño a los ojos
to be as hard as nails (in temperament) → ser muy duro, tener el corazón muy duro
see also feeling
3. (= strenuous, tough) [work, day] → duro; [fight, match] → muy reñido
gardening is hard work → arreglar el jardín es un trabajo duro
phew, that was hard work! → ¡uf!, ¡ha costado lo suyo!
he's not afraid of hard work → el trabajo duro no le asusta
coping with three babies is very hard work → tres bebés dan mucha tarea or mucho trabajo, arreglárselas con tres bebés es una dura or ardua tarea
it's hard work getting her to talk about herself → cuesta mucho or resulta muy trabajoso hacerla hablar sobre sí misma
to be a hard worker → ser muy trabajador(a)
gardening is hard work → arreglar el jardín es un trabajo duro
phew, that was hard work! → ¡uf!, ¡ha costado lo suyo!
he's not afraid of hard work → el trabajo duro no le asusta
coping with three babies is very hard work → tres bebés dan mucha tarea or mucho trabajo, arreglárselas con tres bebés es una dura or ardua tarea
it's hard work getting her to talk about herself → cuesta mucho or resulta muy trabajoso hacerla hablar sobre sí misma
to be a hard worker → ser muy trabajador(a)
4. (= difficult) [exam, decision, choice] → difícil
to be hard to do: it's hard to study on your own → es difícil estudiar por tu cuenta
he found it hard to make friends → le resultaba difícil hacer amigos
I find it hard to believe that → me cuesta(trabajo)creer que ...
bloodstains are hard to remove → las manchas de sangre son difíciles de quitar
to be hard to come by → ser difícil de conseguir
that is a very hard question to answer → ésa es una pregunta muy difícil de responder
to be hard to deal with → ser de trato difícil
to be hard to please → ser muy exigente or quisquilloso
to be hard of hearing → ser duro de oído
he's learning the hard way → está aprendiendo a base de cometer errores
we shall have to do it the hard way → tendremos que hacerlo a pulso
see also bargain, play C4
to be hard to do: it's hard to study on your own → es difícil estudiar por tu cuenta
he found it hard to make friends → le resultaba difícil hacer amigos
I find it hard to believe that → me cuesta(trabajo)creer que ...
bloodstains are hard to remove → las manchas de sangre son difíciles de quitar
to be hard to come by → ser difícil de conseguir
that is a very hard question to answer → ésa es una pregunta muy difícil de responder
to be hard to deal with → ser de trato difícil
to be hard to please → ser muy exigente or quisquilloso
to be hard of hearing → ser duro de oído
he's learning the hard way → está aprendiendo a base de cometer errores
we shall have to do it the hard way → tendremos que hacerlo a pulso
see also bargain, play C4
5. (= tough, unpleasant) [life, times] → duro
it's a hard life! → ¡qué vida más dura!
those were hard times to live in → aquellos eran tiempos duros, la vida era dura en aquellos tiempos
her family had fallen on hard times → su familia estaba pasando por dificultades económicas
to have a hard time → pasarlo mal
to have a hard time doing sth → tener problemas para hacer algo
to give sb a hard time → hacérselo pasar mal a algn
to take a hard line against/over sth → adoptar una postura intransigente contra algo/respecto a algo
hard lines (Brit) → mala suerte f
hard lines! → ¡qué mala suerte!, ¡qué mala pata!
see also going, hard-line, hard-liner, luck
it's a hard life! → ¡qué vida más dura!
those were hard times to live in → aquellos eran tiempos duros, la vida era dura en aquellos tiempos
her family had fallen on hard times → su familia estaba pasando por dificultades económicas
to have a hard time → pasarlo mal
to have a hard time doing sth → tener problemas para hacer algo
to give sb a hard time → hacérselo pasar mal a algn
to take a hard line against/over sth → adoptar una postura intransigente contra algo/respecto a algo
hard lines (Brit) → mala suerte f
hard lines! → ¡qué mala suerte!, ¡qué mala pata!
see also going, hard-line, hard-liner, luck
6. (= forceful) [push, tug, kick] → fuerte
B. ADV (harder (compar) (hardest (superl)))
1. (= with a lot of effort) [work] → duro, mucho; [study] → mucho
he had worked hard all his life → había trabajado duro or mucho toda su vida
he works very hard → trabaja muy duro → trabaja mucho
she works hard at keeping herself fit → se esfuerza mucho por mantenerse en forma
he was hard at work in the garden → estaba trabajando afanosamente or con ahínco en el jardín
he was breathing hard → respiraba con dificultad
we're saving hard for our holidays → estamos ahorrando todo lo que podemos para las vacaciones, estamos ahorrando al máximo para las vacaciones
to try hard she always tries hard → siempre se esfuerza mucho
I can't do it, no matter how hard I try → no puedo hacerlo, por mucho que lo intente
to try one's hardest to do sth → esforzarse al máximo por hacer algo
maybe you're trying too hard → a lo mejor tienes que tomártelo con más calma
to be hard at it Bill was hard at it in the garden → Bill se estaba empleando a fondo en el jardín, Bill estaba dándole duro al jardín
he had worked hard all his life → había trabajado duro or mucho toda su vida
he works very hard → trabaja muy duro → trabaja mucho
she works hard at keeping herself fit → se esfuerza mucho por mantenerse en forma
he was hard at work in the garden → estaba trabajando afanosamente or con ahínco en el jardín
he was breathing hard → respiraba con dificultad
we're saving hard for our holidays → estamos ahorrando todo lo que podemos para las vacaciones, estamos ahorrando al máximo para las vacaciones
to try hard she always tries hard → siempre se esfuerza mucho
I can't do it, no matter how hard I try → no puedo hacerlo, por mucho que lo intente
to try one's hardest to do sth → esforzarse al máximo por hacer algo
maybe you're trying too hard → a lo mejor tienes que tomártelo con más calma
to be hard at it Bill was hard at it in the garden → Bill se estaba empleando a fondo en el jardín, Bill estaba dándole duro al jardín
2. (= with force) [hit] → fuerte, duro; [pull, push, blow] → con fuerza; [snow, rain] → fuerte, mucho
she pushed the wardrobe as hard as she could → empujó el armario con todas sus fuerzas
the government decided to clamp down hard on terrorism → el gobierno decidió tomar medidas duras contra el terrorismo
she was feeling hard done by → pensaba que la habían tratado injustamente
hard hit → seriamente afectado
to hit sb hard (fig) → ser un duro golpe para algn
California has been (particularly) hard hit by the crisis → California(en particular)se ha visto seriamente afectada por la crisis
I would be hard pushed or put to think of another plan → me resultaría difícil pensar en otro plan
we'll be hard pushed or put to finish this tonight! → ¡nos va a ser difícil terminar esto esta noche!
to take sth hard → tomarse algo muy mal
he took it pretty hard → se lo tomó muy mal → fue un duro golpe para él → le golpeó mucho(LAm)
to be hard up → estar pelado, no tener un duro(Sp)
to be hard up for sth → estar falto or escaso de algo
see also hard-pressed
she pushed the wardrobe as hard as she could → empujó el armario con todas sus fuerzas
the government decided to clamp down hard on terrorism → el gobierno decidió tomar medidas duras contra el terrorismo
she was feeling hard done by → pensaba que la habían tratado injustamente
hard hit → seriamente afectado
to hit sb hard (fig) → ser un duro golpe para algn
California has been (particularly) hard hit by the crisis → California(en particular)se ha visto seriamente afectada por la crisis
I would be hard pushed or put to think of another plan → me resultaría difícil pensar en otro plan
we'll be hard pushed or put to finish this tonight! → ¡nos va a ser difícil terminar esto esta noche!
to take sth hard → tomarse algo muy mal
he took it pretty hard → se lo tomó muy mal → fue un duro golpe para él → le golpeó mucho(LAm)
to be hard up → estar pelado, no tener un duro(Sp)
to be hard up for sth → estar falto or escaso de algo
see also hard-pressed
4. (= intently) [listen] → atentamente; [concentrate] → al máximo
to look hard (at sth) → fijarse mucho(en algo)
think hard before you make a decision → piénsalo muy bien antes de tomar una decisión
I thought hard but I couldn't remember his name → por más que pensé or por más vueltas que le di no pude recordar su nombre
to look hard (at sth) → fijarse mucho(en algo)
think hard before you make a decision → piénsalo muy bien antes de tomar una decisión
I thought hard but I couldn't remember his name → por más que pensé or por más vueltas que le di no pude recordar su nombre
5. (= sharply)
hard a-port/a-starboard (Naut) → todo a babor/estribor
to turn hard left/right → girar todo a la izquierda/derecha
hard a-port/a-starboard (Naut) → todo a babor/estribor
to turn hard left/right → girar todo a la izquierda/derecha
6. (= closely)
hard behind sth → justo detrás de algo
I hurried upstairs with my sister hard behind me → subí las escaleras corriendo con mi hermana que venía justo detrás
hard upon sth (= just after) → justo después de algo
the launch of the book followed hard upon the success of the film → el lanzamiento del libro se produjo justo después del éxito de la película
see also heel A1
hard behind sth → justo detrás de algo
I hurried upstairs with my sister hard behind me → subí las escaleras corriendo con mi hermana que venía justo detrás
hard upon sth (= just after) → justo después de algo
the launch of the book followed hard upon the success of the film → el lanzamiento del libro se produjo justo después del éxito de la película
see also heel A1
C. CPD hard cash N → dinero m contante y sonante, (dinero m en) efectivo m
hard centre, hard center (US) N → relleno m duro
hard copy N (Comput) → copia f impresa
the hard core N (= intransigents) → los incondicionales, el núcleo duro
see also hard-core hard court N (Tennis) → cancha f (de tenis)de cemento, pista f (de tenis)de cemento
hard currency N → moneda f fuerte, divisa f fuerte
hard disk N (Comput) → disco m duro
hard goods NPL → productos mpl no perecederos
hard hat N (= riding hat) → gorra f de montar; [of construction worker] → casco m; (= construction worker) → albañil mf
hard labour, hard labor (US) N → trabajos mpl forzados
hard landing N → aterrizaje m duro
the hard left N (esp Brit) → la extrema izquierda, la izquierda radical
hard news N → noticias fpl fidedignas
hard palate N → paladar m
hard porn N → porno m duro
the hard right N (esp Brit) → la extrema derecha, la derecha radical
hard rock N (Mus) → rock m duro
hard sell N → venta f agresiva
hard sell tactics → táctica fsing de venta agresiva
hard sell techniques → técnicas fpl de venta agresiva
hard shoulder N (Brit) (Aut) → arcén m, hombrillo m
hard stuff N (= alcohol) → alcohol m duro, bebidas fpl fuertes; (= drugs) → droga f dura
he fancied a drop of the hard stuff → le apetecía una copita de algo fuerte
hard top N (= car) → coche m no descapotable; (= car roof) → techo m rígido
hard water N → agua f dura, agua f con mucha cal
hard centre, hard center (US) N → relleno m duro
hard copy N (Comput) → copia f impresa
the hard core N (= intransigents) → los incondicionales, el núcleo duro
see also hard-core hard court N (Tennis) → cancha f (de tenis)de cemento, pista f (de tenis)de cemento
hard currency N → moneda f fuerte, divisa f fuerte
hard disk N (Comput) → disco m duro
hard goods NPL → productos mpl no perecederos
hard hat N (= riding hat) → gorra f de montar; [of construction worker] → casco m; (= construction worker) → albañil mf
hard labour, hard labor (US) N → trabajos mpl forzados
hard landing N → aterrizaje m duro
the hard left N (esp Brit) → la extrema izquierda, la izquierda radical
hard news N → noticias fpl fidedignas
hard palate N → paladar m
hard porn N → porno m duro
the hard right N (esp Brit) → la extrema derecha, la derecha radical
hard rock N (Mus) → rock m duro
hard sell N → venta f agresiva
hard sell tactics → táctica fsing de venta agresiva
hard sell techniques → técnicas fpl de venta agresiva
hard shoulder N (Brit) (Aut) → arcén m, hombrillo m
hard stuff N (= alcohol) → alcohol m duro, bebidas fpl fuertes; (= drugs) → droga f dura
he fancied a drop of the hard stuff → le apetecía una copita de algo fuerte
hard top N (= car) → coche m no descapotable; (= car roof) → techo m rígido
hard water N → agua f dura, agua f con mucha cal
hard [ˈhɑːrd]
adj
(= difficult, tough) [question, problem] → difficile; [work] → difficile; [life, time] → difficile; [day] → dur(e)
This question's too hard for me → Cette question est trop difficile pour moi.
a hard day's work → une dure journée de travail
it's hard work doing sth → c'est dur de faire qch
it was hard going → ça a été dur
it is hard to do sth
It is hard to understand what is happening → C'est difficile de comprendre ce qui se passe.
It's hard to tell → C'est difficile à dire.
It's hard to tell what the effect will be → C'est difficile de prévoir quels seront les effets.
It's hard to say → C'est difficile à dire.
It's hard to say what he'll do next → C'est difficile de prévoir ce qu'il fera par la suite.
It's hard to know what to do → C'est difficile de savoir que faire.
to find it hard to do sth → avoir du mal à faire qch
I find it hard to believe that ... → je n'arrive pas à croire que ...
to be hard to please → être difficile
to be hard on sb [situation] → être dur pour qn
to be hard on the eyes → faire mal aux yeux
to be hard on the ears → faire mal aux oreilles
no hard feelings! → sans rancune!
hard cheese! → pas de bol! >, pas de chance!
see also hard luck
This question's too hard for me → Cette question est trop difficile pour moi.
a hard day's work → une dure journée de travail
it's hard work doing sth → c'est dur de faire qch
it was hard going → ça a été dur
it is hard to do sth
It is hard to understand what is happening → C'est difficile de comprendre ce qui se passe.
It's hard to tell → C'est difficile à dire.
It's hard to tell what the effect will be → C'est difficile de prévoir quels seront les effets.
It's hard to say → C'est difficile à dire.
It's hard to say what he'll do next → C'est difficile de prévoir ce qu'il fera par la suite.
It's hard to know what to do → C'est difficile de savoir que faire.
to find it hard to do sth → avoir du mal à faire qch
I find it hard to believe that ... → je n'arrive pas à croire que ...
to be hard to please → être difficile
to be hard on sb [situation] → être dur pour qn
to be hard on the eyes → faire mal aux yeux
to be hard on the ears → faire mal aux oreilles
no hard feelings! → sans rancune!
hard cheese! → pas de bol! >, pas de chance!
see also hard luck
(= stern) [person] → dur(e); [expression] → sévère; [voice] → dur(e)
to be hard on sb (= severe with) → être dur(e) avec qn
to be hard on sb (= severe with) → être dur(e) avec qn
(= violent) [kick, punch] → violent(e)
(= concrete) [evidence] → tangible; [facts] → concret/ète
[drug] → dur(e)
[water] → calcaire
adv
[hit, kick, push] → fort
[work] → dur
He has worked very hard → Il a travaillé très dur.
to think hard → bien réfléchir
to try hard → faire de son mieux
to try hard to do sth → faire de son mieux pour faire qch
to try a bit harder → essayer un peu plus
to laugh hard → rire fort
to look hard at sth (= consider carefully) [+ problem, issue] → examiner qch
to look hard at sb/sth (= stare) → regarder fixement qn/qch
to fight hard to do sth → faire d'énormes efforts pour faire qch
to fight hard for sth → se battre durement pour qch
to be hard put to do sth, to be hard pushed to do sth → avoir beaucoup de mal à faire qch
to be hard hit by sth → être durement frappé(e) par qch
to take sth hard → être très affecté(e) par qch
to play hard to get → se faire désirer
to be hard done by → être traité(e) injustement
to feel hard done by (British) → se sentir brimé(e)
He has worked very hard → Il a travaillé très dur.
to think hard → bien réfléchir
to try hard → faire de son mieux
to try hard to do sth → faire de son mieux pour faire qch
to try a bit harder → essayer un peu plus
to laugh hard → rire fort
to look hard at sth (= consider carefully) [+ problem, issue] → examiner qch
to look hard at sb/sth (= stare) → regarder fixement qn/qch
to fight hard to do sth → faire d'énormes efforts pour faire qch
to fight hard for sth → se battre durement pour qch
to be hard put to do sth, to be hard pushed to do sth → avoir beaucoup de mal à faire qch
to be hard hit by sth → être durement frappé(e) par qch
to take sth hard → être très affecté(e) par qch
to play hard to get → se faire désirer
to be hard done by → être traité(e) injustement
to feel hard done by (British) → se sentir brimé(e)
(= heavily) [snow] → abondamment
hard
hard:
hard:
hard:
hard:
hard:
hard:
adj (+er)
(= not soft) → hart; as hard as rocks or iron → steinhart; the ground was baked hard → der Boden war völlig ausgedörrt
(= difficult) → schwer, schwierig; this is hard to do, it is hard to do → es ist schwer, das zu tun; stories that are hard to understand → Geschichten, die schwer verständlich sind; that is a very hard question to answer → diese Frage lässt sich nur schwer beantworten; their prices are hard to beat → ihre Preise sind kaum zu unterbieten; she is hard to please → man kann ihr kaum etwas recht machen; it’s hard to tell → es lässt sich schwer sagen, es ist schwer zu sagen; it was hard to believe → es war kaum zu glauben; I find it hard to believe → ich kann es kaum glauben; she found it hard to make friends → es fiel ihr schwer, Freunde zu finden; to do something the hard way → etw auf die schwere Art machen; I don’t see the point in doing it the hard way → warum soll man es sich schwer machen?; to play hard to get → so tun, als sei man nicht interessiert
(= strenuous, demanding) work, day, week → hart, anstrengend; he leaves all the hard work to me → die ganze Schwerarbeit überlässt er mir; it was very hard work in the shop → die Arbeit in dem Geschäft war sehr anstrengend; he’s hard work (inf) → er ist ziemlich anstrengend (inf); (= difficult to know or persuade) → er ist ein harter Brocken (inf); getting on with him is hard work (inf) → es gehört schon etwas dazu, mit ihm auszukommen (inf); it was hard work for me not to swear at him → es hat mich große Mühe gekostet, ihn nicht zu beschimpfen; a hard worker → ein fleißiger Arbeiter; to be a hard worker → sehr fleißig sein; it was hard going → man kam nur mühsam voran; learning Japanese is hard going → Japanisch zu lernen ist sehr schwierig; this novel is hard going → durch diesen Roman muss man sich mühsam durchbeißen; chatting her up is hard going (inf) → es ist gar nicht so einfach, sie anzumachen (inf)
(= forceful) pull, tug, kick → kräftig; blow, punch → heftig; to give somebody/something a hard push → jdm/etw einen harten Stoß versetzen; to give something a hard pull or tug → kräftig an etw (dat) → ziehen; it was a hard blow or knock (for or to them) (fig) → es war ein schwerer Schlag (für sie); to take a hard knock (fig) → schwer angeschlagen werden; he took a hard knock (fig) → er musste einen schweren Schlag einstecken
(= severe, tough) person, look, eyes, smile, voice, life → hart; winter, frost → streng, hart; to be hard on somebody (= cause strain or wear) → jdn strapazieren; (person) → hart zu or streng mit jdm sein; to be hard on something (= cause strain or wear) → etw strapazieren; (person) → etw kritisieren; the job’s a bit hard on the nerves → die Arbeit ist ziemlich nervenaufreibend; don’t be so hard on the children → sei nicht so streng mit den Kindern; to have a hard time → es schwer or nicht leicht haben; I had a hard time finding a job → ich hatte Schwierigkeiten, eine Stelle zu finden; he had a hard time of it → er hat es nicht leicht gehabt; (in negotiations, boxing match etc) → es hat ihn einen harten Kampf gekostet; (with illness, operation etc) → es war eine schwere Zeit für ihn; to give somebody a hard time → jdm das Leben schwer machen; hard times → schwere Zeiten pl; to fall on hard times → in finanzielle Schwierigkeiten geraten; there are no hard feelings between them → sie sind einander nicht böse; no hard feelings? → nimm es mir nicht übel; to be as hard as nails → knallhart sein (inf) ? also nut a, bargain N a
adv
(= with effort) work → hart, schwer; run, drive → sehr schnell; breathe → schwer; study, play → eifrig; (= carefully) listen, look → genau, gut; think → scharf, angestrengt; (= strongly, forcefully) push, pull → kräftig, fest; laugh, scream, cry, beg → sehr; rain, snow → stark; blow → kräftig; I’ve been hard at work or (going) hard at it (inf) since 7 this morning → ich bin seit heute Morgen um 7 schwer am Werk or schwer dabei (inf); she works hard at keeping herself fit → sie gibt sich viel Mühe, sich fit zu halten; to try hard → sich wirklich Mühe geben; no matter how hard I try … → wie sehr ich mich auch anstrenge, …; if you try hard you can do it → wenn du dich richtig bemühst or anstrengst, kannst du es tun; you’re not trying hard enough → du strengst dich nicht genügend an; he tried as hard as he could → er hat sein Bestes getan or sich nach Kräften bemüht; he listened hard (straining to hear) → er horchte angestrengt; you’re not thinking hard enough → du denkst nicht angestrengt genug nach; think harder → denk mal ein bisschen besser nach; she slammed the door hard behind us → sie knallte die Tür fest hinter uns zu; it was freezing hard → es herrschte strenger Frost
(= severely) to be hard pushed or put to do something → es sehr schwer finden, etw zu tun; to clamp down hard → hart durchgreifen; it’ll go hard for or with him if … → er wird Schwierigkeiten bekommen, wenn …; (= it will cost him dear) → es kann ihn teuer zu stehen kommen, wenn …; to be hard done by → übel dran sein; (= unfairly treated) → ungerecht behandelt sein; he reckons he’s hard done by having to work on Saturdays → er findet es ungerecht, dass er samstags arbeiten muss; they are hard hit by the cuts → sie sind von den Kürzungen schwer getroffen; she took it very hard → es traf sie sehr or schwer, es ging ihr sehr nahe ? also hard-pressed
(= as far as possible) hard right/left → scharf rechts/links; to turn/go hard round → eine scharfe Kehrtwendung machen; bear hard round to your left → halten Sie sich scharf links; to lock hard over → voll einschlagen; hard a-port/a-starboard/astern etc (Naut) → hart backbord/steuerbord/nach achtern etc
(= close) to follow hard behind/upon something → unmittelbar auf etw (acc) → folgen; my sister was hard behind me → meine Schwester war direkt hinter mir; following hard upon the opening of the new cinema → kurz nach der Öffnung des neuen Kinos; hard by (something) (dated) → ganz in der Nähe (von etw) ? also heel1 N a
hard:
hard and fast
adj → fest; rules also → bindend, verbindlich
hardback
adj (also hardbacked)
book → gebunden
chair → mit einer harten Rückenlehne
hardball
n (US)
(Baseball) → Hardball m
(fig) to play hard → rücksichtslos sein or vorgehen
hardboard
n → Hartfaser- or Pressspanplatte f
hard-boiled
adj
(fig: = unsentimental) → kaltschnäuzig (inf)
hardboot
n (Sport) → Hardboot m, Stiefel mit harter Plastikoberfläche
hard case
n (inf)
(= difficult person) → schwieriger Mensch
(= criminal) → Gewohnheitsverbrecher(in) m(f)
(= hardship) → Härtefall m
hard cheese
interj (Brit inf) = hard lines
hard copy
n → Ausdruck m, → Hardcopy f
hard-core
hardcore
n (Mus) → Hardcore m
hard court
n → Hartplatz m
hardcover
adj n (US) = hardback ADJ a N
hard disk
n (Comput) → Festplatte f
hard disk computer
n → Festplattencomputer m
hard disk drive
n → Festplattenlaufwerk nt
hard-earned
hard-edged
adj (fig) → hart, kompromisslos; reality → hart
hard:
hard-featured
adj person → mit harten Gesichtszügen
hard-fought
adj battle, campaign → erbittert; victory → hart erkämpft; boxing match, competition, game → hart; a hard election → eine (erbitterte) Wahlschlacht
hard hat
hard-headed
adj → nüchtern
hardhearted
adj → hartherzig (towards sb jdm gegenüber)
hardheartedness
n → Hartherzigkeit f
hard-hitting
adj speech, report → äußerst kritisch
hard hyphen
n (Typ, Comput) → fester Bindestrich
hard:
hard labour, (US) hard labor
n → Zwangsarbeit f
hard lens
n (Opt) → harte Kontaktlinse
hard line
hardline
adj → kompromisslos
hard lines
interj (Brit inf) → Pech (gehabt)!
hard liquor
n → Schnaps m
hard luck
hard-luck story
n → Leidensgeschichte f
hard:
hard-nosed
adj (inf: = down-to-earth) → nüchtern; (= tough) person, government → abgebrüht (inf); approach, attitude, leadership → rücksichtslos
hard-packed
adj snow → festgetreten; sand, earth → festgedrückt
hardpad
n (Vet) → Hartballenkrankheit f
hardpan
n (Geol) → Ortstein nt
hard-pressed
hard return
n (Comput) → harte Zeilenschaltung; → Absatzmarke f
hardrock
n (Mus) → Hardrock m
hardscrabble
adj
circumstances, situation → ärmlich, bescheiden
soil → karg
hard sell
n → aggressive Verkaufstaktik, Hardselling nt
attr → aggressiv
hard:
hard shoulder
n (Brit) → Seitenstreifen m
hardstanding
n (Brit: for vehicle) → befestigter Abstellplatz
hardtack
n → Schiffszwieback m
hardtop
n → Hardtop nt or m
hard:
hard-wearing
adj → widerstandsfähig; cloth, clothes → strapazierfähig
hard-wired
adj (Comput) → fest verdrahtet
hard-won
adj → hart or schwer erkämpft; expertise → schwer erarbeitet
hardwood
n → Hartholz nt
hard-working
adj person → fleißig; engine → leistungsfähig
hard [hɑːd] (-er (comp) (-est (superl)))
hard [hɑːd] (-er (comp) (-est (superl)))
1. adj
a. (substance) → duro/a; (mud) → indurito/a
to grow hard → indurirsi
hard cover (of book) → copertina cartonata
a hard nut to crack (problem, person) → un osso duro
to grow hard → indurirsi
hard cover (of book) → copertina cartonata
a hard nut to crack (problem, person) → un osso duro
b. (severe, tough, gen) → duro/a; (climate, weather, winter) → rigido/a; (frost) → forte
to take a long hard look at sth → esaminare qc attentamente
the hard fact is that ... → la verità nuda e cruda è che...
hard lines!, hard luck! (Brit) (fam) → peccato!, scalogna!
a hard luck story → una storia pietosa
he's as hard as nails (physically) → è forte come un toro or una quercia (in temperament) → è duro di cuore
to take a hard line over sth → adottare una linea dura in merito a qc
to be hard on sb → essere severo/a con qn
to be a hard worker → essere un(a) gran/grande lavoratore/trice
to take a long hard look at sth → esaminare qc attentamente
the hard fact is that ... → la verità nuda e cruda è che...
hard lines!, hard luck! (Brit) (fam) → peccato!, scalogna!
a hard luck story → una storia pietosa
he's as hard as nails (physically) → è forte come un toro or una quercia (in temperament) → è duro di cuore
to take a hard line over sth → adottare una linea dura in merito a qc
to be hard on sb → essere severo/a con qn
to be a hard worker → essere un(a) gran/grande lavoratore/trice
2. adv (push) → forte; (work) → sodo; (think, try) → bene; (hit) → forte, duramente
to freeze hard → gelare
it's snowing/raining hard → sta nevicando/piovendo forte
he was breathing hard → respirava affannosamente
to be hard hit (fig) → essere duramente colpito/a
to be hard done by (fam) → essere trattato/a ingiustamente or molto male
to be hard at it (fam) → darci dentro
to be hard put (to it) to do sth → essere in difficoltà a fare qc
to try one's hardest to do sth → fare di tutto per fare qc
to take sth hard → prendere (molto) male qc
to be hard up for sth → essere a corto di qc
to look hard at → guardare fissamente, esaminare attentamente
to drink hard → essere un(a) forte bevitore/trice
to freeze hard → gelare
it's snowing/raining hard → sta nevicando/piovendo forte
he was breathing hard → respirava affannosamente
to be hard hit (fig) → essere duramente colpito/a
to be hard done by (fam) → essere trattato/a ingiustamente or molto male
to be hard at it (fam) → darci dentro
to be hard put (to it) to do sth → essere in difficoltà a fare qc
to try one's hardest to do sth → fare di tutto per fare qc
to take sth hard → prendere (molto) male qc
to be hard up for sth → essere a corto di qc
to look hard at → guardare fissamente, esaminare attentamente
to drink hard → essere un(a) forte bevitore/trice
hard [hɑːd] (-er (comp) (-est (superl)))
1. adj
a. (substance) → duro/a; (mud) → indurito/a
to grow hard → indurirsi
hard cover (of book) → copertina cartonata
a hard nut to crack (problem, person) → un osso duro
to grow hard → indurirsi
hard cover (of book) → copertina cartonata
a hard nut to crack (problem, person) → un osso duro
b. (severe, tough, gen) → duro/a; (climate, weather, winter) → rigido/a; (frost) → forte
to take a long hard look at sth → esaminare qc attentamente
the hard fact is that ... → la verità nuda e cruda è che...
hard lines!, hard luck! (Brit) (fam) → peccato!, scalogna!
a hard luck story → una storia pietosa
he's as hard as nails (physically) → è forte come un toro or una quercia (in temperament) → è duro di cuore
to take a hard line over sth → adottare una linea dura in merito a qc
to be hard on sb → essere severo/a con qn
to be a hard worker → essere un(a) gran/grande lavoratore/trice
to take a long hard look at sth → esaminare qc attentamente
the hard fact is that ... → la verità nuda e cruda è che...
hard lines!, hard luck! (Brit) (fam) → peccato!, scalogna!
a hard luck story → una storia pietosa
he's as hard as nails (physically) → è forte come un toro or una quercia (in temperament) → è duro di cuore
to take a hard line over sth → adottare una linea dura in merito a qc
to be hard on sb → essere severo/a con qn
to be a hard worker → essere un(a) gran/grande lavoratore/trice
2. adv (push) → forte; (work) → sodo; (think, try) → bene; (hit) → forte, duramente
to freeze hard → gelare
it's snowing/raining hard → sta nevicando/piovendo forte
he was breathing hard → respirava affannosamente
to be hard hit (fig) → essere duramente colpito/a
to be hard done by (fam) → essere trattato/a ingiustamente or molto male
to be hard at it (fam) → darci dentro
to be hard put (to it) to do sth → essere in difficoltà a fare qc
to try one's hardest to do sth → fare di tutto per fare qc
to take sth hard → prendere (molto) male qc
to be hard up for sth → essere a corto di qc
to look hard at → guardare fissamente, esaminare attentamente
to drink hard → essere un(a) forte bevitore/trice
to freeze hard → gelare
it's snowing/raining hard → sta nevicando/piovendo forte
he was breathing hard → respirava affannosamente
to be hard hit (fig) → essere duramente colpito/a
to be hard done by (fam) → essere trattato/a ingiustamente or molto male
to be hard at it (fam) → darci dentro
to be hard put (to it) to do sth → essere in difficoltà a fare qc
to try one's hardest to do sth → fare di tutto per fare qc
to take sth hard → prendere (molto) male qc
to be hard up for sth → essere a corto di qc
to look hard at → guardare fissamente, esaminare attentamente
to drink hard → essere un(a) forte bevitore/trice
adj hard [haːd]
1 firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc The ground is too hard to dig. hard قاسٍ твърд tvrdý hård hart σκληρός, στέρεος duro; sólido kõva سفت kova dur קָשֶׁה कठोर tvr kemény keras harður duro 堅い 단단한 kietas ciets keras hard, stevig hard, fast twardy duro tare твёрдый tvrdý trd trvd hård แข็ง sert, katı 堅硬的 твердий سخت cứng rắn 硬的
2 not easy to do, learn, solve etc Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please. moeilik صَعْب труден nesnadný svær schwer, schwierig δύσκολος difícil raske دشوار vaikea difficile קָשֶׁה कठिन težak nehéz sulit erfiður difficile 難しい 어려운 sunkus Viņam grūti izpatikt. sukar moeilijk vanskelig trudny difícil dificil трудный ťažký težek težak svår ที่ต้องใช้ความพยายามมาก zor, güç 困難的 важкий, тяжкий مشکل khó 困难的
3 not feeling or showing kindness a hard master. streng, hardvogtig قاسٍ ، لا يُظْهِرُ مشاعر ودِّيَّهً суров přísný hård; streng hart σκληρός, ασυγκίνητος severo; rudo; seco karm سختگير kova dur קַפּדָן निष्ठुर neumoljiv, strog rideg bengis strangur duro 無情な 무정한 griežtas, kietas bargs; stingrs tegas hard(vochtig) streng surowy duro dur строгий prísny trd žestok hård[], sträng ไม่มีความเมตตา sert, acımasız 冷酷的 суворий ظالم nghiêm khắc 冷酷的
4 (of weather) severe a hard winter. swaar شَديد، قارِس суров tuhý hård; streng streng βαρύς (για καιρό) duro, severo, riguroso vali سخت و ناگوار ankara rigoureux קָשֶׁה दुष्कर oštar, hladan zord ganas, keras harður, erfiður duro, rigido きびしい (날씨가) 험악한 atšiaurus (par laika apstākļiem) bargs teruk streng hard, streng srogi violento aspru суровый drsný oster oštar hård, sträng, svår (อากาศ) รุนแรง sıkıntılı 惡劣的 суворий شدید khắc nghiệt 恶劣的
5 having or causing suffering a hard life; hard times. hard, moeilik صَعب، ُمسبب للمِعاناة труден těžký hård; vanskelig hart δύσκολος duro, difícil raske طاقت فرسا kova difficile זְמִניים קָשִים कठोर težak, naporan nehéz sulit þungbær, erfiður difficile, duro つらい (생활 등이) 견디기 힘든 sunkus grūts; smags susah hard, zwaar, moeilijk hard, vanskelig ciężki duro greu тяжёлый ťažký težek težak hård เต็มไปด้วยปัญหา zor, güç 辛苦的 сповнений труднощів і нестатків دشوار gian khổ 艰难的
6 (of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added The water is hard in this part of the country. hard, brak مليء بالأملاح твърд tvrdý hård hart σκληρός dura kare آهکی؛ سخت kova dur מַיִם קָשִים खारा tvrda (voda) kemény keras kalkríkur, harður duro 硬質の (물이) 경질(硬質)인 kietas (par ūdeni) ciets liat hard (water) hard, kalkrik twarda (o wodzie) pesada dur жёсткий tvrdý trd tvrd hårt [] ความกระด้างของน้ำ sert, kireçli, acı 硬水 твердий کھارا پانا cứng (nước) 硬水
adv
1 with great effort He works very hard; Think hard. hard بِشِدّه، بِصُعوبَه трудно usilovně hårdt hart σκληρά duro, con ahínco kõvasti شديد kovasti dur, sérieusement בְּמַאֲמָץ कठिन jako, naporno komolyan, erősen, keményen keras af fremsta megni, mikið sodo; attentamente 一生けん命に 열심히 sunkiai, smarkiai, daug grūti; smagi; cītīgi keras hard werken, hard nadenken hardt, flittig ciężko esforçadamente din greu; serios усердно usilovne hudo, trdo, dobro naporno hårt, ordentligt ขยัน çok fazla 努力地 наполегливо, енергійно بڑی جد و جہد سے chăm chỉ 努力地
2 with great force; heavily Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard. hard بِقُوَّه، بِقَسْوَه силно silně, hodně hårdt stark δυνατά fuerte, fuertemente kõvasti محكم kovasti fort, à verse בְּאוֹפן קָשֶה सख्त jako erősen keras ákaflega; fast, hart forte 激しく 세게 smarkiai stipri; spēcīgi kuat hard, zwaar hardt, tungt mocno violentamente tare сильно silno močno jako hårt, häftigt โดยแรง şiddetle, kuvvetle 猛力地 сильно زور سے، طاقت سے mạnh; nặng 重重地
3 with great attention He stared hard at the man. strak بانتباهٍ شديد внимателно upřeně hårdt; strengt anstarren επίμονα fijamente tähelepanelikult عمیقاً tiiviisti fixement בֶּקֶשב רָב घूरना uporno, ustrajno feszülten terpusat hvasst, fast intensamente じっと 빤히, 뚫어지게 įdėmiai cieši mendalam met grote aandacht skarpt, strengt, stivt uważnie fixamente fix упорно uprene nepremično pažljivo hårt, stint อย่างเอาจริงเอาจัง büyük dikkatle 極專注地 пильно پوری توجہ سے tập trung 紧紧地
4 to the full extent; completely The car turned hard right. skerp كُلِّيّا напълно úplně, zcela skarpt sehr εντελώς completamente, totalmente täielikult کاملاً kokonaan à droite toute כְכָל הָאֶפשָׁר पूरा naglo, potpuno teljesen tajam algerlega totalmente 完全に 극도로 tiesiai tuvu klāt sepenuhnya helemaal skarpt zupełnie, całkiem totalmente cu totul круто úplne popolnoma sasvim hårt, häftigt, våldsamt อย่างสมบูรณ์แบบ tam 完全地 повністю بالکل hoàn toàn 完全地
v harden
to make or become hard Don't touch the toffee till it hardens; Try not to harden your heart against him. verhard, hard maak يَصْلَبُّ، يُصْبِحُ جامِدا втвърдявам tvrdnout; zatvrdit blive hård erhärten σκληραίνω endurecer(se) kõvaks minema, kõvaks tegema سفت شدن kovettua (en)durcir לְהִתקַשוֹת, לְהַקשוֹת सख्त करना otvrdnuti, okorjeti (meg)keményít mengeras(kan) harðna; herða indurire, diventare insensibile 堅くする 단단하게 하다 sukietėti, sukietinti sacietēt; nocietināt (sirdi) mengeraskan (ver)harden gjøre/bli hard, herde stwardnieć, utwardzać endurecer a (se) întări затвердевать; ожесточаться tvrdnúť; zatvrdiť sa strditi (se), utrditi stvrdnuti hårdna, förhärda [] ทำให้แข็ง; ทำให้ใจแข็ง sertleş(tir)mek (使)變硬 ставати твердим, тверднути سخت ہو جانا یا کرنا trở nên cứng rắn, mạnh mẽ 使变硬
n hardness
hardheid صُعوبَه، صلابَه، قَسْوَه твърдост tvrdost hårdhed; strenghed die Härte σκληρότητα dureza, firmeza karmus سختی kovuus dureté קוֹשִׁי कड़ापन tvrdoca, okrutnost keménység kekerasan harka durezza 堅さ 단단함 kietumas, sunkumas cietība; grūtums; smagums; bargums kekerasan hardheid hardhet; strenghet wytrzymałość, odporność dureza duritate твёрдость; жёсткость tvrdosť trdota stvrdnutost hårdhet ความแข็ง sertlik, katılık 硬度 твердість; міцність سختی sự cứng rắn 硬度
n hardship
(something which causes) pain, suffering etc a life full of hardship. teenspoed, swaarkry صُعوبَة، ألَم، مُعاناه мъка utrpení modgang die Mühsal κακουχία apuro; infortunio; prueba; privación viletsus مشقت vastoinkäyminen épreuve(s) קוֹשִי कठिनाई, विपत्ति teškoca, nevolja nehézség kesulitan erfiðleikar, hrakningar stento 苦難 고난, 역경 sunkumai grūtības kesusahan lijden lidelser, strabaser, motgang trud, niedostatek dureza încercări; greutăţi невзгоды utrpenie stiska, trpljenje tegoba vedermöda, strapats, umbärande ความทุกข์ยาก zorluk (造成)痛苦、磨難(的原因) труднощі, нужда پریشانیاں sự gian khổ 苦难
adj hard-and-fast
(of rules) that can never be changed or ignored. vas, bindend بإحْكام، لا يُمْكِن تَجاهُلُه вечен striktní ufravigelig starr άκαμπτος, απαρέγκλιτος definitivo, irrevocable range سفت و سخت tiukka strict כְּלָלִים נוּקשִׁים पक्का ustaljeno (pravilo) szigorú pasti ósveigjanlegur ferreo, rigido 厳重な 변경을 허락치 않는 tvirtai nustatytas, griežtas (par likumu) negrozāms peraturan yang boleh diabaikan vuurvast, ijzeren unyansert, fast nienaruszalny inflexível strict неукоснительный pevný, záväzný trden nepromenljiv fastslagen, järnhård, orubblig มองข้าม değişmez, katı (規定)不容變通的 раз і назавжди встановлений معیّن cứng rắn, chặt chẽ 不容变通的
n hard-back
a book with a hard cover Hard-backs are more expensive than paperbacks. hardeband غِلاف قاسٍ أو مُقَوّى твърда корица vázaná kniha indbundet bog fester Einband δεμένο βιβλίο de tapas duras kõvade kaantega raamat كتاب با جلد زخيم kovakantinen kirja livre relié כְּרִיכָה קָשָה कड़े कवर वाली पुस्तक knjiga u tvrdom uvezu kemény kötésű sampul keras innbundinn bók (í stinn spjöld) (libro con copertina rigida) 堅表紙の 표지가 단단한 책 knyga kietais viršeliais (cietos vākos) iesieta grāmata buku berkulit keras harde omslag, harde cover innbundet bok (med stive permer) książka w twardej oprawie livro encadernado carte/volum cartonat(ă) книга в твёрдом переплёте kniha v tvrdej väzbe knjiga v trdi vezavi tvrd povez inbunden bok หนังสือปกแข็ง ciltli kitap 精裝本 книга в твердій палітурці مجلد کتاب sách bìa cứng 硬书皮的（书）；精装书
adj hard-ˈboiled
(of eggs) boiled until the white and the yolk are solid. hardgekook مَسْلوق جَيدا твърдосварен natvrdo hårdkogt hartgekocht σφιχτοβρασμένος duro, cocido kõvaks keedetud سفت شده kovaksikeitetty (oeuf) dur בֵּיצָה קָשָה उबला हुआ tvrdo kuhan (jaje) kemény (tojás) matang harðsoðinn sodo 堅ゆでの (계란 등이) 단단하게 삶은 kietai virtas (par olu) cieti novārīta telur masak hardgekookt hardkokt (ugotowany) na twardo duro (ou fiert) tare сваренный вкрутую natvrdo trdo kuhan tvrdo kuvan hårdkokt เย็นชา lop, katı (雞蛋)完全煮熟的 крутий پوری طرح ابلا انڈا luộc chín (trứng) （鸡蛋）煮得老的
n hardˈdisk
a device that is fixed inside a computer and is used for storing information. hardeskyf القُرص الصَّلْب في الكومبيوتر твърд диск hard disk, pevný disk harddisk der Harddisk (Η/Υ)σκληρός δίσκος disco duro kõvaketas حافظه ثابت kiintolevy disque dur דִיסְק קָשִיח कंप्यूटर हार्ड डिस्क जिसमें कंप्यूटर में डाटा सेव होता है या करते हैं hard-disk merevlemez hard disk disco rigido*, hard disk ハードディスク 하드 디스크 kietasis diskas cietais disks cakera keras harddisk harddisk жёсткий диск pevný disk trdi disk hard disk hårddisk จานแม่เหล็กเก็บข้อมูลของคอมพิวเตอร์ disk, sabit disk 硬碟 твердий диск بڑے گھیر کی مقناطیسی قرص یا تھالی جس میں زیادہ معلومات ذخیرہ ہو سکیں đĩa cứng 硬盘
adj hard-earned
earned by hard work or with difficulty I deserve every penny of my hard-earned wages. swaar verdiende مُكْتَسَب بِالعَمَل الصَّعْب спечелен с труд těžce zasloužený hårdt tjent hart verdient αποκτημένος με κόπο ganado con el sudor de la frente ränga tööga teenitud به زحمت كسب شده kovalla työllä ansaittu bien mérité עָמַל רַב परिश्रम का धन teško zaraden nehezen megkeresett hasil kerja keras sem e-r hefur unnið til (guadagnato con grande fatica) 苦心して得た 애써서 얻은 sunkiai uždirbtas grūti nopelnīts hasil kerja keras zuurverdiend surt ervervet, dyrekjøpt ciężko zapracowany ganho a custo câştigat cu greu с трудом заработанный ťažko zarobený težko zaslužen teško zarađen surt (med möda) förtjänad ทำงานหนัก zorlukla kazanılmış 辛苦掙得的 зароблений тяжкою працею مہنت کی کمائی kiếm được một cách khó khăn 辛苦挣得的
adj hard-ˈheaded
practical; shrewd; not influenced by emotion a hard-headed businessman. nugter, prakties عَنيد الرأي، صَلْب، غَير عاطِفي практичен praktický, věcný, realistický nøgtern nüchtern πρακτικός, χωρίς ευαισθησίες práctico, realista kaine mõistusega سر سخت kylmäpäinen pratique עַקשָן शातिर realistican, praktican, nesentimentalan gyakorlatias pintar, keras kepala harðskeyttur, séður pratico 実際的な 완고한 blaivaus proto, praktiškas, dalykiškas praktisks; lietišķs berjiwa kental (kei)hard praktisk, sta, stri trzeźwy, praktyczny, wyrachowany prático practic; pragmatic практичный rozumný; vecný; triezvy praktičen, razumarski trezven praktisk, förslagen, nyktert tänkande ฉลาด duygularına kapılmayan 講求實際的，精明的，不感情用事的 практичний, тверезий عمل سے نہ کہ جذبات سے کام لینے والا، شاطر thực tế 讲实际的人
adj hard-ˈhearted
not feeling or showing pity or kindness a hard-hearted employer. hardvogtig, verhard قاسي القَلْب коравосърдечен nemilosrdný hårdhjertet hartherzig σκληρός, σκληρόκαρδος de corazón duro como una piedra, insensible kõva südamega سنگدل kovasydäminen impitoyable קָשוּח निर्दयी tvrda srca, okrutan kemény szívű kejam harðbrjósta insensibile, spietato 無情な 무정한 kietaširdis cietsirdīgs; nežēlīgs tiada belas kasihan hardvochtig hardhjertet bezwzględny insensível nemilos жестокосердный nemilosrdný, bezcitný trdosrčen bezdušan hårdhjärtad ดื้อรั้น katı kalpli, kalpsiz 冷酷的 безсердечний; черствий سخت دل، ظالم cứng rắn 冷酷的
n hardware
1 metal goods such as pots, tools etc This shop sells hardware. hardeware, ysterware أدوات مَعدَنيَّه، أسْلِحَه железария železářské zboží isenkram die Eisenwaren είδη κιγκαλερίας ferretería rauakaup ظروف فلزي rautatavara quincaillerie כֵּלי בָּיִת וְגָן लोहे का सामान željezna roba, željezarija vasáru barang-barang dari logam járnvara ferramenta, articoli di ferro 金物類 금속 제품 metalo dirbiniai dzelzs izstrādājumi; saimniecības preces perkakasan hardware jernvarer towary żelazne ferragens (articol de) fierărie скобяные изделия železiarsky tovar železnina; strojna oprema gvožđarija järn-, metall-, smidesvaror เครื่องมือที่ทำด้วยเหล็ก hırdavat, madenî eşya 五金 металеві вироби دھات کے اوزار یا گھریلو سامان đồ ngũ kim 金属器具,(电脑的)硬件
2 the mechanical parts of a computer. apparatuur الأجزاء الميكانيكيّه في الكومبيوتر، جِسْم الكومبيوتر хардуер hardware hardware die Hardware εξαρτήματα Η/Υ hardware, soporte físico riistvara سخت افزار laitteisto hardware חוֹמְרָה कंप्यूटर के पाटर्स hardver, tehnicka oprema kompjutera hardver hardware, perangkat keras hardware （コンピューターの）機器 하드웨어 techninė kompiuterio įranga (datora) aparatūra perkakasan hardware maskinvare sprzęt komputerowy аппаратное обеспечение technické vybavenie (počítača) železnina; strojna oprema hardver hårdvara อุปกรณ์คอมพิวเตอร์ donanım 電腦硬體 апаратура کمپیوٹر کے کل پرزے phần cứng 硬件
adj hard-ˈwearing
that will not wear out easily a hard-wearing fabric. sterk, duursaam لا يَبْلى بِسُهولَه траен trvanlivý slidstærk zermürbend ανθεκτικός resistente vastupidav بادوام kulutusta kestävä solide עָמִיד टिकाऊ izdržljiv (materijal) tartós awet endingargóður, slitþolinn resistente 長持ちする 쉽게 닳지 않는 patvarus, gerai dėvimas ilgi valkājams tidak mudah koyak stevig, solide, bestand tegen slijt slitesterk, solid mocny, odporny na zużycie resistente rezistent ноский trvanlivý odporen trajan slitstark ใส่เสื้อผ้า kolay eskimez 耐磨損的 зносостійкий پائیدار ، مضبوط ، بہت چلنے والا bền 耐磨损的
be hard on
1 to punish or criticize severely Don't be too hard on the boy – he's too young to know that he was doing wrong. streng/straf behandel يُعاقِب أو يَنْتَقِد بِقَسْوَه наказвам сурово být tvrdý na være hård ved streng behandeln είμαι αυστηρός απέναντι σε κπ., τιμωρώ ser duro/severo con karm olema با خشونت رفتار کردن olla ankara être dur avec לְהַחמִיר עִם कठोरता दिखाना biti prestrog prema nekomu szigorú (vkivel) keras vera strangur við essere duro con つらく当たる 심하게 벌주다 būti griežtam su sodīt; kritizēt tegas zwaar straffen; streng bekritiseren; iemand hard vallen være hard/slem mot być surowym dla ser duro com a fi dur cu быть слишком строгим byť tvrdý na biti strog z biti surov vara hård mot กระทำรุนแรงกับ acımasızlık etmek, insafsız/zalim olmak 嚴厲懲罰或批評 суворий до кого سختی سے سزا دینے phạt hoặc chỉ trích nghiêm khắc 过分严厉地对待某人
2 to be unfair to If you punish all the children for the broken window it's a bit hard on those who had nothing to do with it. hard, onregverdig يَقْسو عَلى، يُعامِل بِقَسْوَه не съм справедлив být nespravedlivý k uretfærdig ungerecht behandeln είμαι άδικος για ser injusto con ebaõiglane olema غیرمنصفانه بودن olla epäreilu injuste envers לִהיוֹת לֹא הוֹגֶן כְּלָפֵּי जुल्म ne biti fer igazságtalan tidak adil ósanngjarn essere ingiusto con きびしすぎる 모질게 굴다 būti neteisingam kieno nors atžvilgiu būt netaisnam tidak adil onrechtvaardig zijn tegen skjære alle over én kam być niesprawiedliwym w stosunku do ser injusto a fi nedrept cu быть несправедливым byť nespravodlivý k biti krivično do ne biti fer vara hårt mot ปฏิบัติกับ (บางคน) อย่างหยาบคายมาก insafsızlık etmek 不公平地對待 несправедливий до кого نا انصافی کرنا không công bằng 不公平地
hard at it
busy doing (something) I've been hard at it all day, trying to get this report finished. werk hard daaraan مَشْغول جِداً зает zapřažený være travl sich abrackern ριγμένος με τα μούτρα (στη δουλειά) liado/ocupado/atareado con algo tööhoos سخت مشغول كاري بودن työskennellä tiiviisti attelé à (qqch.) לַעֲבוֹד קָשֶה व्यस्त रहना naporno raditi keményen (csinál vmit) sibuk vera á fullu lavorato sodo 精を出して 전념하다 sunkiai, neatsitraukiant dirbantis aizņemts (kaut ko darot) sibuk melakukan sesuatu hard bezig zijn (arbeide) hardt/flittig ciężko pracujący, zapracowany atarefado ocupat cu ceva усердно трудиться zaneprázdnený vprežen v (delo) zauzet slita hårt med ไม่ว่าง harıl harıl çalışarak, tüm gücüyle çalışarak 忙著做(某事) зайнятий کسی چیز میں مشغول ہونا bận bịu 忙于作（某事）
hard done by
unfairly treated You should complain to the headmaster if you feel hard done by. word stief behandel مُعامَل مُعامَلَةً غَيْر عادِلَه несправедливо третиран ukřivděný špatným zacházením uretfærdigt behandlet ungerecht behandeln αδικημένος, ριγμένος tratado injustamente ülekohut kannatama ناعادلانه برخود شده kaltoin kohdeltu injustement traité עוֹבֵד קָשֶה מִדָי अनुचित व्यवहार करना biti zakinut igazságtalanul bánnak vkivel diperlakukan tidak adil sem illa er komið fram við trattato ingiustamente 不当に扱われて 부당하게 대우하는 nuskriaustas [] netaisnu izturēšanos diperlakukan dengan tidak adil onrechtvaardig behandeld urettferdig behandlet niesprawiedliwie potraktowany injustiçado tratat incorect/nedrept обделённый zle zaobchádzať s nepravilno obravnavan nefer tretiran orättvist behandlad กระทำโดยมิชอบ haksızlığa uğrama, haksızlık edilme 受到不公平對待 такий, що зазнає несправедливого ставлення نا انصافی کرنا bị đối xử không công bằng 不公平对待
hard lines/luck
bad luck Hard lines/luck! I'm afraid you haven't won this time; It's hard luck that he broke his leg. 'n jammerte حَظٌّ سَيِّء лош късмет smůla bare ærgerligt Pech! ατυχία mala suerte, mala pata ei vedanud بد شانسی huono onni pas de chance מָזַל בִּיש बदकिस्मती zla sreca, peh balszerencse sial óheppni sfortuna 不運 참 안됐다 gaila, nepasisekė neveiksme nasib tidak baik pech, ongeluk motgang, dårlig lykke pech azar невезенье smola zla usoda, smola loša sreća hårda bud โชคร้าย şanssızlık, talihsizlik 運氣不好 тяжка доля خراب قسمت thật không may 坏运气
hard of hearing
rather deaf He is a bit hard of hearing now. hardhorend wees ثَقيل السَّمَع глух nedoslýchavý halvdøv; tunghør schwerhörig βαρήκοος duro de oído kõva kuulmisega تقریباً کر huonokuuloinen dur d'oreille כְּבָד שְׁמִיעָה कम सुनना nagluh nagyothalló agak tuli heyrnarskertur, heyrir illa duro d'orecchi 耳が遠い 귀가 어두운 neprigirdintis pakurls hampir pekak dovig tunghørt przygłuchawy duro de ouvido tare de ureche тугоухий nahluchlý naglušen gluv lomhörd ไม่ค่อยได้ยิน ağır işiten 幾乎沒有聽力 глухуватий بہراپن، اونچا سننا nặng tai （人）有点耳聋的
a hard time (of it)
trouble, difficulty, worry etc The audience gave the speaker a hard time of it at the meeting; The speaker had a hard time (of it) trying to make himself heard. 'n moeilike tyd, 'n swaar tyd مَتاعِب، وَقْتٌ صَعْب проблем krušné chvíle; potíže problemer schwere Zeit δυσκολίες, βάσανα un mal rato raskustes مشکل؛ نگرانی hankaluudet du fil à retordre קוֹשִׁי मुश्किल teškoce (neugodnosti), teška vremena „megpróbáltatás” kesulitan í erfiðleikum, eiga erfitt (del filo da torcere) つらいめ 곤욕 rūpesčiai, sunkumai grūtības; raizes sukar het moeilijk maken voor; iemand moeilijk vallen vanskelighet, trøbbel przeprawa, trudności z momentos difíceis de furcă тяжёлый момент ťažkosti preglavice, težave poteškoća fullt upp เวลาที่ยาก zorluk, güçlük 麻煩，困難，煩擾 тяжкі часи پریشانیاں کھڑی کرنا gặp khó khăn 受苦,困难的
hard up
not having much especially money I'm a bit hard up at the moment; I'm hard up for envelopes. platsak wees, geldnood hê في وَضْع مادي صَعْب، لا يوجد لَدَيه مال на червено na suchu; úplně bez (peněz) hårdt spændt for; i bekneb knapp mit Geld etc. είμαι αδέκαρος, μου έχει τελειώσει κτ. estar sin blanca/sin un duro; estar casi sin algo näpud põhjas در مضيقه tiukilla avoir grand besoin (de qqch.) בִּמצוּקָה כַּספִּית तंगी bez novaca, u financijskim neprilikama rosszul áll tidak punya í kröggum, blankur (al verde), (a corto di quattrini) 欠乏している 돈에 몹시 궁한 (kam) striuka su (pinigais) [] grūtībās memerlukan (bijna) blut, bijna door (een voorraad van) iets heen zijn i pengeknipe; mangle noe być spłukanym com muita falta de strâmtorat; lipsit de нуждающийся (в деньгах) vo finančnej tiesni; nemať (čo) na tesnem (z denarjem) u oskudici dåligt ställt, ont om ขาดแคลนเงิน parasız, yolsuz (錢)不多，缺錢 в скрутному становищі پیسوں کی قلت ہونا cạn túi （钱）不多,缺钱
hard → بقوة, صَعْب, صَلْب složitý, tvrdě, tvrdý hård, hårdt, svær hart, schwer, schwierig δύσκολα, δυσχερής, σκληρός con fuerza, difícil, duro kova, kovasti, vaikea dur, durement teško, težak, tvrd difficile, duramente, duro 困難な, 堅い, 懸命に 단단한, 어려운, 열심히 hard, moeilijk hard, hardt, vanskelig ciężko, trudny, twardy difícil, duramente, duro сложно, сложный, твердый hård, hårt, svår แข็ง, ยาก, ยากเย็น güç, sert, zor cứng, hết sức, khó khăn 努力地, 困难的, 硬的
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