back 1 (b k)n. 1. a. The posterior portion of the trunk of the human body between the neck and the pelvis; the dorsum. b. The analogous dorsal region in other animals. 2. The backbone or spine. 3. The part or area farthest from the front. 4. The part opposite to or behind that adapted for view or use: the back of the hand; wrote on the back of the photograph. 5. The reverse side, as of a coin. 6. A part that supports or strengthens from the rear: the back of a couch. 7. a. The part of a book where the pages are stitched or glued together into the binding. b. The binding itself. 8. Sports a. A player who takes a position behind the front line of other players in certain games, such as football and soccer. b. This playing position. v. backed, back·ing, backs v.tr. 1. To cause to move backward or in a reverse direction: Back the car up and then make the turn. 2. To furnish or strengthen with a back or backing. 3. To provide with financial or moral support; support or endorse: Unions backed the pro-labor candidate. See Synonyms at support. 4. To provide with musical accompaniment. Often used with up. 5. To bet or wager on. 6. To adduce evidence in support of; substantiate: backed the argument with facts. 7. To form the back or background of: Snowcapped mountains back the village. v.intr. 1. To move backward: backed out of the garage. 2. To shift to a counterclockwise direction. Used of the wind. adj. 1. Located or placed in the rear: Deliveries should be made at the back entrance. 2. Distant from a center of activity; remote. 3. Of a past date; not current: a back issue of a periodical. 4. Being owed or due from an earlier time; in arrears: back pay. 5. Being in a backward direction. 6. Linguistics Pronounced with the back of the tongue, as oo in cool. Used of vowels. adv. Phrasal Verbs: 1. At, to, or toward the rear or back; backward. 2. In, to, or toward a former location: went back for the class reunion. 3. In, to, or toward a former condition. 4. In, to, or toward a past time. 5. In reserve or concealment. 6. In check or under restraint: Barriers held the crowd back. 7. In reply or return. back away To withdraw from a position; retreat. back down To withdraw from a position, opinion, or commitment. back off To retreat or draw away. back out 1. To withdraw from something before completion. 2. To fail to keep a commitment or promise. back up Idioms: 1. To cause to accumulate or undergo accumulation: The accident backed the traffic up for blocks. Traffic backed up in the tunnel. 2. Computer Science To make a backup of (a program or file). back and fill 1. Nautical To maneuver a vessel in a narrow channel by adjusting the sails so as to let the wind in and out of them in alteration. 2. To vacillate in one's actions or decisions. back to back Consecutively and without interruption: presented three speeches back to back. behind (one's) back In one's absence or without one's knowledge. have (one's) back up To be angry or irritated. off (someone's) back No longer nagging or urging someone to do something. on (someone's) back Persistently nagging or urging someone to do something. [Middle English bak, from Old English bæc.] back  less adj. |
| back 2 (bk) n. A shallow vat or tub used chiefly by brewers. [Dutch bak, from French bac, from Old French, boat, from Vulgar Latin *baccus, vessel, probably of Celtic origin.] |
back
Noun
1. the rear part of the human body, from the neck to the pelvis
2. the spinal column
3. the part or side of an object opposite the front
4. the part of anything less often seen or used
5. Ball games a defensive player or position
6. not in one's conscious thoughts
7. behind someone's back secretly or deceitfully
8. put or get someone's back up to annoy someone
9. turn one's back on someone to refuse to help someone
Verb
1. to move or cause to move backwards
2. to provide money for (a person or enterprise)
3. to bet on the success of: to back a horse
4. to provide (a pop singer) with a musical accompaniment
5. (foll. by on, onto)to have the back facing (towards): his garden backs onto a school
6. (of the wind) to change direction anticlockwise
Adjective
1. situated behind: back garden
2. owing from an earlier date: back rent
3. remote: a back road
Adverb
1. at, to, or towards the rear
2. to or towards the original starting point or condition: I went back home
3. in reply or retaliation: to hit someone back
4. in concealment or reserve: to keep something back
5. back and forth to and fro
6. back to front
a. in reverse
b. in disorder
ThesaurusLegend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms
| Noun | 1. |  back - the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; "his back was nicely tanned"saddle - posterior part of the back of a domestic fowl body part - any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity torso, trunk, body - the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; "they moved their arms and legs and bodies" small - the slender part of the back lat, latissimus dorsi - a broad flat muscle on either side of the back dorsal vertebra, thoracic vertebra - one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra - one of 5 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; lumbar vertebrae extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae |
| 2. | back - the side that goes last or is not normally seen; "he wrote the date on the back of the photograph" side - an extended outer surface of an object; "he turned the box over to examine the bottom side"; "they painted all four sides of the house" | |
| 3. | back - the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; "he stood at the back of the stage"; "it was hidden in the rear of the store" position, place - the particular portion of space occupied by something; "he put the lamp back in its place" front - the part of something that is nearest to the normal viewer; "he walked to the front of the stage" | |
| 4. | back - (football) a person who plays in the backfield football, football game - any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal flanker, flanker back - a back stationed wide of the scrimmage line; used as a pass receiver football player, footballer - an athlete who plays American football running back - (football) a back on the offensive team (a fullback or halfback) who tries to advance the ball by carrying it on plays from the line of scrimmage tailback - (American football) the person who plays tailback wingback - (football) the person who plays wingback | |
| 5. |  back - the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back"notochord - a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates chine - backbone of an animal canalis vertebralis, spinal canal, vertebral canal - the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes vertebra - one of the bony segments of the spinal column intervertebral disc, intervertebral disk - a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all of the vertebrae of the spinal column (except between the first two) skeletal structure - any structure created by the skeleton of an organism axial skeleton - the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs | |
| 6. |  back - the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; "the book had a leather binding"book, volume - physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together; "he used a large book as a doorstop" half binding - book binding in which the spine and part of the sides are bound in one material and the rest in another protective cover, protective covering, protection - a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury; "they had no protection from the fallout"; "wax provided protection for the floors" three-quarter binding - the spine and much of the sides are a different material from the rest of the cover | |
| 7. | back - the part of a garment that covers the back of your body; "they pinned a `kick me' sign on his back" cloth covering - a covering made of cloth | |
| 8. |  back - a support that you can lean against while sitting; "the back of the dental chair was adjustable"cantle - the back of a saddle seat car seat - a seat in a car chair - a seat for one person, with a support for the back; "he put his coat over the back of the chair and sat down" ladder-back - the backrest of a chair that consists of two uprights with connecting slats support - any device that bears the weight of another thing; "there was no place to attach supports for a shelf" | |
| 9. | back - (American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage American football, American football game - a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays position - (in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player; "what position does he play?" line backer, linebacker - (American football) the position of a defensive football player who plays close behind the line of scrimmage field general, quarterback, signal caller - (American football) the position of the football player in the backfield who directs the offensive play of his team; "quarterback is the most important position on the team" fullback - (American football) the position of a back on a football team halfback - (American football) the position of a back on a football team tailback - (American football) the position of the offensive back on a football team who lines up farthest from the line of scrimmage wingback - (American football) the position of the offensive back who lines up behind or outside the end backfield - the offensive football players who line up behind the linemen secondary - the defensive football players who line up behind the linemen | |
| Verb | 1. | back - be behind; approve of; "He plumped for the Labor Party"; "I backed Kennedy in 1960" |
| 2. | back - travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "The car backed up and hit the tree" go, locomote, move, travel - change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically; "How fast does your new car go?"; "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus"; "The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect"; "The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell"; "news travelled fast" back out - move out of a space backwards; "He backed out of the driveway" back - cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking spot" back out - move out of a space backwards; "He backed out of the driveway" | |
| 3. | back - give support or one's approval to; "I'll second that motion"; "I can't back this plan"; "endorse a new project" | |
| 4. | back - cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking spot" back - travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "The car backed up and hit the tree" bring forward, advance - cause to move forward; "Can you move the car seat forward?" | |
| 5. | back - support financial backing for; "back this enterprise" finance - obtain or provide money for; "Can we finance the addition to our home?" | |
| 6. | back - be in back of; "My garage backs their yard" lie - be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position | |
| 7. | back - place a bet on; "Which horse are you backing?"; "I'm betting on the new horse" ante - place one's stake | |
| 8. | back - shift to a counterclockwise direction; "the wind backed" veer - shift to a clockwise direction; "the wind veered" | |
| 9. | back - establish as valid or genuine; "Can you back up your claims?" affirm, confirm, corroborate, substantiate, support, sustain - establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant" | |
| 10. | back - strengthen by providing with a back or backing strengthen - gain strength; "His body strengthened" | |
| Adj. | 1. | back - related to or located at the back; "the back yard"; "the back entrance" posterior - located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure aft - (nautical, aeronautical) situated at or toward the stern or tail front - relating to or located in the front; "the front lines"; "the front porch" |
| 2. | back - located at or near the back of an animal; "back (or hind) legs"; "the hinder part of a carcass" posterior - located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure | |
| 3. | back - of an earlier date; "back issues of the magazine" noncurrent - not current or belonging to the present time | |
| Adv. | 1. | back - in or to or toward a former location; "she went back to her parents' house" |
| 2. | back - at or to or toward the back or rear; "he moved back"; "tripped when he stepped backward"; "she looked rearward out the window of the car" | |
| 3. | back - in or to or toward an original condition; "he went back to sleep" | |
| 4. | back - in or to or toward a past time; "set the clocks back an hour"; "never look back"; "lovers of the past looking fondly backward" | |
| 5. | back - in reply; "he wrote back three days later" | |
| 6. | back - in repayment or retaliation; "we paid back everything we had borrowed"; "he hit me and I hit him back"; "I was kept in after school for talking back to the teacher" |
back
verb 8. support, help, second, aid, champion, encourage, favour, defend, promote, sanction, sustain, assist, advocate, endorse, side with, stand up for, espouse, stand behind, countenance, abet, stick up for (informal) take up the cudgels for << OPPOSITE oppose
back down give in, collapse, withdraw, yield, concede, submit, surrender, comply, cave in (informal) capitulate, accede, admit defeat, back-pedal
back out withdraw, retire, give up, pull out, retreat, drop out, renege, cop out (slang) chicken out (informal) detach yourself
back someone up support, second, aid, assist, stand by, bolster behind someone's back secretly, covertly, surreptitiously, furtively, conspiratorially, sneakily, deceitfully >> adjective dorsal
Translations
back [bæk] n [of person] → espalda; [of animal] → lomo; [of hand, page] → dorso;
(FOOTBALL) → defensa m;
back to front → al revés;
at the back of my mind was the thought that ... → en el fondo tenía la idea de que ... vt [+ candidate] (also: back up) → respaldar, apoyar [+ horse] (at races) → apostar a [+ car]; dar marcha atrás a or con
adj (in compounds) → de atrás;
back garden/room → jardín m/habitación f de atrás;
back payments → pagos mpl con efecto retroactivo;
back rent → renta atrasada;
he's back (= returned) → ha vuelto;
he ran back → volvió corriendo;
throw the ball back (= restitution) → devuelve la pelota;
can I have it back? → ¿me lo devuelve?;
he called back (again) → volvió a llamar;
as far back as the 13th century → ya en el siglo XIII;
when will you be back? → ¿cuándo volverá?
back [bæk] n [of person, horse] → dos m [of hand]; dos, revers m [of house]; derrière m [of car, train]; arrière m [of chair]; dossier m [of page]; verso m [of crowd];
(Football) → arrière m;
back to front → à l'envers vt (financially) → soutenir (financièrement) [+ candidate] (also: back up) → soutenir, appuyer [+ horse] (at races) → parier or miser sur [+ car]; (faire) reculer
to take a back seat (fig) → se contenter d'un second rôle, être relégué(e) au second plan adv (= not forward) → en arrière (= returned);
throw the ball back → renvoie la balle;
he called back → il a rappelé
back on to vt fus the house backs on to the golf course → la maison donne derrière sur le terrain de golf
back out vi (of promise) → se dédire
back up vt [+ person] → soutenir;
(Comput) → faire une copie de sauvegarde de
back [bæk] n → Rücken m;
(of house, page) → Rückseite f;
(of chair) → (Rücken)lehne f;
(of train) → Ende nt;
(Football) → Verteidiger m
vt (candidate) (also: back up) → unterstützen;
(car) → zurücksetzen, zurückfahren
vi (also: back up) (person) → rückwärtsgehen;
(car etc) → zurücksetzen, zurückfahren
cpd (payment, rent) → ausstehend
adv → hinten;
in the back (of the car) → hinten (im Auto);
back to front → verkehrt herum;
back room → Hinterzimmer nt;
back garden → Garten m (hinter dem Haus);
back seat (Aut) → Rücksitz m;
to take a back seat (fig) → sich zurückhalten;
back wheels → Hinterräder pl;
can I have it back? → kann ich es zurückhaben or wiederhaben?
back down vi → nachgeben
back on to vt fus the house backs on to the golf course → das Haus grenzt hinten an den Golfplatz an
back out vi (of promise) → einen Rückzieher machen
back up vt (support) → unterstützen;
(Comput) → sichern
back [bæk] n [of person, horse] → dorso, schiena; [of hand] → dorso; [of house, car] → didietro; [of train] → coda; [of chair] → schienale m [of page] → rovescio;
(FOOTBALL) → difensore m;
back to front → all'incontrario;
to have one's back to the wall (fig) → essere or trovarsi con le spalle al muro vt (financially) → finanziare [+ candidate] (also: back up) → appoggiare [+ horse] (at races) → puntare su [+ car]; guidare a marcia indietro
vi → indietreggiare; [car etc] → fare marcia indietro
back seats/wheels (AUT) → sedili mpl/ruote fpl posteriori;
back payments/rent → arretrati mpl;
to take a back seat (fig) → restare in secondo piano adv (= not forward) → indietro (= returned): he's back → è tornato;
when will you be back? → quando torni?;
(restitution): throw the ball back → ritira la palla;
can I have it back? → posso riaverlo? (= again): he called back → ha richiamato
back out vi (of promise) → tirarsi indietro
back up vt (= support) → appoggiare, sostenere;
n back [bӕk]
1 in man, the part of the body from the neck to the bottom of the spine She lay on her back. rug ظَهْر гръб záda ryg der Rücken πλάτη espalda selg پشت؛ کمر selkä dos גַּב पीठ leđa hát punggung bak, hryggur schiena 背中 (사람의) 등 nugara mugura belakang rug rygg plecy costas spate спина chrbát hrbet leđa rygg หลัง sırt, arka （人）背部 спина کمر، پُشت cái lưng （人）背部
2 in animals, the upper part of the body She put the saddle on the horse's back. rug ظَهْرالحَيَوان гръб hřbet ryg der Rücken ράχη (για ζώο) lomo selg پشت selkä dos גַּב पिछला हिस्सा leđa hát punggung bak, hryggur dorso 背 (동물의) 등 nugara mugura belakang rug rygg grzbiet dorso spate спина chrbát hrbet leđa rygg หลัง sırt, arka （動物）背部，后面 спина پیٹھ lưng động vật （动物）背部，后面
3 that part of anything opposite to or furthest from the front the back of the house; She sat at the back of the hall. agterkant ظَهْر، الجِهَة الخَلفِيَّه задна част zadní část bagside; bagerste del die Rückseite πίσω μέρος parte trasera, fondo tagaosa پشت؛ عقب takaosa arrière צַד אֲחוֹרִי, גַּב पिछला हिस्सा stražnji dio hátulja bagian belakang bakatil, bakhlið, aftari eða fjarlægari hluti fondo, parte posteriore うしろ 뒤(쪽) užpakalis, galas otrā puse; aizmugure belakang achterkant bakside, bakerste del tył traseiras spate; fund задняя часть zadná časť hrbtna stran, zadnji del stražnji deo på baksidan, längst bak (in) ด้านหลัง arka, arka taraf 背面 тил پیچھے đằng sau 背面
4 in football, hockey etc a player who plays behind the forwards. agterspeler دِفاع، ظَهير защитник obránce back der/die Verteidiger/-in οπισθοφύλακας, αμυντικός (π.χ. στο ποδόσφαιρο) defensa kaitsja بازیکن عقب؛ دفاع puolustaja arrière מָגֶן फारवर्ड के पीछे खेलने वाला bek hátvéd pemain belakang bakvörður difensore, terzino 後衛 후위, 백 gynėjas aizsargs (futbolā u.tml.) bek achterspeler back pomocnik defesa защитник obranca branilec bek back กองหลัง bek （足球等的）后衛 захисник у футболі بیک ، پُشتی hậu vệ （足球等的）后卫
adj
of or at the back the back door. agterste خَلفي заден zadní bag- rückwärtig οπίσθιος de detrás, trasero taga-, selja- عقبی؛ پشتی taka-, selkä- de derrière גַבִּי पीछे का stražnji hátsó belakang aftur-, bak- posteriore うしろの 뒤(쪽)의 užpakalinis aizmugures; pakaļējais belakang achter- bak-, bakre; rygg- tylny traseiro din spate задний zadný zadnji stražnji bak-, bakre ข้างหลัง arka, arkada, arkadaki 后面的 задній پچھلا đằng sau 后面的
adv
1 to, or at, the place or person from which a person or thing came I went back to the shop; He gave the car back to its owner. terug إلى обратно zpátky, nazpět tilbage zurück πίσω, στην αρχική θέση) de vuelta tagasi بازگشتن؛ پس دادن takaisin de retour חֲזָרָה वापस natrag hátra, vissza kembali til baka, aftur indietro もとへ 되돌아가서, 되돌려 atgal atpakaļ semula terug tilbake, igjen z powrotem de volta înapoi обратно, назад späť, naspäť nazaj nazad tillbaka กลับคืน geri, geriye 回原處 назад واپس trở lại 回原处
2 away (from something); not near (something) Move back! Let the ambulance get to the injured man; Keep back from me or I'll hit you! terug, terugwaarts بَعيدا отдалечено zpět, pryč, dál tilbage; væk zurück μακριά hacia atrás, para atrás eemale, eemal عقب؛ کنار pois en arrière לְאָחוֹר, אָחוֹרָה पीछेकीओर dalje hátrafelé, el- mundur aftur, frá indietro 離れて 저리로 tolyn, šalin sāņus jauh achteruit bakover, vekk daleko, dalej para trás înapoi; la o parte назад; подальше preč, ďalej stran unazad tillbaka, bakåt, undan ถอยหลัง uzakta, geride, arkada 向后 осторонь, віддалік پرے، دور cách xa 向后
3 towards the back (of something) Sit back in your chair. agteroor, terug إلى الخَلْف назад dozadu tilbage zurück προς τα πίσω hacia atrás, para atrás tahapoole به عقب taaksepäin en arrière לְאָחוֹר, אָחוֹרָה नियंत्रण में natrag hátrafelé menyandar aftur (í) indietro 奥深く 안(쪽)으로 arti atramos [] pret di achteruit tilbake do tyłu para trás jos откинувшись назад dozadu zadaj nazad bakåt, tillbaka พิงหลัง gerisine, arkasına 向后 до спинки (стільця) کسی چیز کے پیچھے quay trở lại 向后
4 in return; in response to When the teacher is scolding you, don't answer back. terug بِالمُقابِل، كَرَدِّ فِعْل обратно v odpověď igen zurück πίσω (δηλ. ως απάντηση ή ανταπόδοση) de vuelta tagasi, vastu در پاسخ به؛ در مقابل takaisin en retour בַּחֲזָרָה पहले natrag vissza melawan til baka, á móti indietro; (rispondere) 返して 돌려 주어 atsilygindamas, atsikirsdamas, atgal [] pretī balas terug igjen w odpowiedzi, z powrotem de volta în schimb; înapoi в ответ odpovedať, odvrávať nazaj zauzvrat emot, tillbaka ย้อนกลับ karşılık olarak, cevap olarak 答复 у відповідь جواباً phản ứng lại 答复
5 to, or in, the past Think back to your childhood. terug إلى الوَراء назад zpět (do minulosti) tilbage til zurück στο παρελθόν atrás tagasi به یا در گذشته taaksepäin en arrière לִפְנֵי, אֲחוֹרָה पीछे unatrag vissza ke masa lampau aftur (til) indietro さかのぼって 옛날에 į praeitį, praeityje pirms; agrāk ke terug tilbake til w przeszłość para trás înapoi (тому) назад späť (do minulosti) nazaj u prošlosti tillbaka, bakåt ย้อนหลัง geçmişe, önce, geriye 回溯 в минулому گذشتہ nghĩ lại 回溯
v
1 to (cause to) move backwards He backed (his car) out of the garage. terug beweeg, agteruit beweeg يُعيد الى الخَلْف връщам (vy)couvat bakke (sich) rückwärts bewegen κινούμαι προς τα πίσω marcha atrás dar, hacia atrás mover tagurdama عقب عقب رفتن peruuttaa faire marche arrière לִנְסוֹע לְאָחוֹר पीछे होना voziti prema natrag tolat memundurkan bakka fare marcia indietro うしろへさがる 후진하다 eiti/važiuoti atbulom, varyti atgal braukt atpakaļgaitā berundur ke belakang achteruitrijden rygge cofać recuar a da înapoi, a merge în marşarier давать задний ход (vy)cúvať vzvratno peljati voziti unazad backa ถอยหลัง geri geri gitmek, gerilemek 倒退 іти заднім ходом پیچھے ہونا، پیچھے کرنا lùi 倒退
2 to help or support Will you back me against the others? ondersteun يُؤَيِّد، يَدْعَم подпомагам podpořit støtte unterstützen, Rückhalt bieten υποστηρίζω apoyar toetama پشتیبانی کردن tukea soutenir לִתְמוֹך, לְגַבּוֹת समर्थन देना poduprijeti támogat mendukung styðja (við bakið á) sostenere 指示する 후원하다 palaikyti, remti atbalstīt sokong steunen støtte; bakke opp popierać apoiar a susţine поддерживать podporiť podpreti podržati backa upp, hjälpa หนุนหลัง desteklemek, arkalamak, arka çıkmak 支持 підтримувати پشت پناہی کرنا ủng hộ 支持
3 to bet or gamble on I backed your horse to win. wed op يُراهِن عَلى залагам на vsadit si (na něco) satse (penge) på; holde på setzen auf στοιχηματίζω apostar a kihla vedama شرط بستن روی lyödä vetoa miser sur לְהָמֵר עַל सहारा देना kladiti se fogad vmire bertaruh veðja (á) puntare 賭ける ...에 걸다 lažintis, statyti sumą derēt mempertaruhkan wedden op satse (penger) på, holde på stawiać na apostar a miza pe, a pune pariu pe держать пари staviť (na) staviti na kladiti se na hålla (spela, satsa) på วางเดิมพัน bahse girmek 下賭注在...上 побитися об заклад حمایت کرنا đánh cuộc 下赌注在...上
n backer
a person who supports someone or something, especially with money the backer of the new theatre. borg, ondersteuner مُؤيِّد، داعِم، مُناصِر поддръжник mecenáš, -ka, příznivec, -kyně støtte der Förderer υποστηρικτής, χρηματοδότης financiador, patrocinador toetaja حامی؛ پشتیبان tukija commanditaire תּוֹמֵך सहारादेनेवाला podupiratelj támogató sponsor stuðningsmaður sostenitore 後援者 후원자 rėmėjas atbalstītājs penyokong sponsor støttespiller; en som vedder sponsor financiador sponsor, susţinător спонсор podporovateľ, -ka podpornik finansijer hjälpare, uppbackare ผู้หนุนหลัง destekçi, hami, finansör 贊助人，支持者 той, хто допомагає комусь, субсидує кого پشت پناہ người ủng hộ 赞助人，支持者
v backbite
to criticize a person when he is not present. beskinner يَنْتَقِد، يَغْتاب клеветя pomlouvat bagtale verleumden, tratschen κακολογώ κπ. πίσω από την πλάτη του hablar mal, criticar por la espalda taga rääkima غیبت کردن panetella médire de לְהַשׁמִיץ पीठ पीछे निंदा करना ocrniti, ogovarati fúr vkit memfitnah, mengritik di belakang baknaga, rægja sparlare, fare maldicenze 陰口をきく 험담하다 apkalbėti apmelot; celt neslavu mengumpat roddelen baktale, baksnakke obmawiać criticar a bârfi злословить ohovárať obrekovati klevetati baktala ลอบกัด birinin arkasından çekiştirmek 背后說（人）坏話 лихословити (про відсутнього) غیبت کرنا ، چغلی کھانا nói xấu sau lưng 背后说（人）坏话
n backbiting
Constant backbiting by her colleagues led to her resignation. beskinnerdery إنتِقاد، اغتِياب клеветене pomluva bagtalelse die Verleumdung, das Tuscheln πίσω από κακόβουλος σχολιασμός που γίνεται την πλάτη κπ. murmuración, crítica por la espalda tagarääkimine غیبت panettelu médisance הַשׁמָצָה चिगल खोरी ogovaranje fúrás fitnahan, kritik di belakang baknag, rógburður maldicenza 中傷 +험담, 중상 apkalbėjimas apmelošana; neslavas celšana cercaan roddel baksnakking obmawianie maledicência bârfe злословие ohováranie obrekovanje kleveta förtal การลอบกัด çekiştirme 受到不斷地誹謗, 中傷而辭職 лихослів'я (про відсутнього) غیبت، چغلی sự nói xấu sau lưng 诽谤
n backbone
1 the spine the backbone of a fish. graat العَمود الفَقَري гръбнак páteř rygrad das Rückgrat σπονδυλική στήλη, ραχοκοκαλιά espina dorsal selgroog ستون فقرات selkäranka colonne vertébrale, épine dorsale עֲמוּד שִׁדְרָה रीढ की हड्डी kralježnica hátgerinc tulang punggung hryggur spina dorsale, colonna vertebrale 背骨 등뼈 nugarkaulis mugurkauls tulang belakang ruggegraat ryggrad kręgosłup espinha coloană vertebrală, şira spinării позвоночник chrbtica hrbtenica kičma ryggrad กระดูกสันหลัง omurga, belkemiği 脊骨 спинний хребет ریڑھ کی ہڈی xương sống 脊骨
2 the chief support The older employees are the backbone of the industry. ruggraat الأساس، الأساس، الجُزء الأَهَـم гръбнак opora rygrad das Rückgrat το κύριο τμήμα, η ραχοκοκαλιά (μτφ.) piedra angular, sostén alustala ستون اصلی tukipilari pivot עָמוּד הַתָּווֶך oslonac gerince vminek pendukung utama uppistaða, meginstoð spina dorsale 主力 -대들보, 중추 pagrindinis ramstis pamats; būtība tunggak ruggegraat ryggrad podpora apoio pilon, temelie главная опора opora steber potpora ryggrad เสาหลัก belkemiği, temel, esas 主要支柱 головна опора بڑا سہارا trụ cột 主要支柱
adj backbreaking
(of a task etc) very difficult or requiring very hard work Digging the garden is a backbreaking job. uitputtend قاصِم للظَّهْر много изморителен vyčerpávající opslidende erschöpfend εξαντλητικός, εξαιρετικά κοπιώδης deslomador, pesado kontimurdev شاق؛ کمرشکن uuvuttava éreintant מְפָרֵך težak kimerítő berat sekali, sangat melelahkan lÿjandi, erfiður massacrante 骨の折れる 매우 힘이 드는 varginantis, alinantis mokošs; smags (par darbu) berat zwaar slitsom wyczerpujący pesado istovitor изнурительный vyčerpávajúci utrudljiv iscrpljujući hård, slitsam ต้องใช้ความพยายามอย่างมาก çok zor, çok yorucu 非常辛勞的 виснажливий تھکا دینے والا ، کمر توڑ mệt mỏi 非常辛劳的
v backˈdate
1 to put an earlier date on (a cheque etc) He should have paid his bill last month and so he has backdated the cheque. agternadateer يُؤَرِّخ بِتاريخ سابِق слагам по-раншна дата antedatovat tilbagedatere; baguddatere zurückdatieren βάζω σε ένα έγγραφο ημερομηνία προγενέστερη από την αληθινή antedatar (tšekile) varasemat kuupäeva kirjutama به تاریخ گذشته چک نوشتن antidater לִקְבּוֹע מוֹעֵד מוּקדַם יוֹתֵר पीछली तारीख antedatirati antedatál memundurkan tanggal dagsetja aftur í tíma retrodatare 日付をさかのぼらせる (실제보다) 이전의 날짜로 적다 rašyti atgaline data rakstīt atpakaļejošu datumu mengundurkan antedateren sette en tidligere dato, antedatere antydatować antedatar a antedata задним числом помечать antedatovať antedatirati antidatirati ลงวันที่ก่อนวันจริง ön günlemek, daha önceki bir tarihi atmak 在（支票）上書寫更早的日期 датувати заднім числом گذشتہ تاریخ ڈالنا ghi lùi ngày 在（支票）上书写更早的日期
2 to make payable from a date in the past Our rise in pay was backdated to April. terugwerkend instel يَجْعَل لهُ مَفْعولا رجْعِيّـاا позовлявам плащане със задна дата se zpětnou platností give tilbagevirkende kraft zurückdatieren δίνω αναδρομική ισχύ antedatar tagasiulatuvalt kehtestama از تاریخ گذشته قابل پرداخت محسوب کردن varhentaa payer rétroactivement לְהַקדִים מוֹעֵד תְחוּלָתוֹ antedatirati visszamenőleg fizet berlaku surut greiða afturvirkt retrodatare さかのぼって適用する 소급해서 적용하다 skaičiuoti nuo atgalinės datos skaitīt ar atpakaļejošu datumu mengundurkan met terugwerkende kracht laten ingaan gi tilbakevirkende kraft wyrównać ser retroactivo a plăti retroactiv задним числом проводить so spätnou platnosťou veljati za nazaj antidatirati ge retroaktiv verkan จ่ายชำระย้อนหลัง geçmişi kapsamak, geriye dönük olmak 自過去某時起支付 проводити заднім числом گذشتہ تاریخ سے bắt đầu tính từ 自过去某时起支付
v backˈfire
1 (of a motor-car etc) to make a loud bang because of unburnt gases in the exhaust system The car backfired. kets يَشْتَعِل قبْل الأوان гръмвам zpětný zážeh knalde; smælde fehlzünden εκπυρσοκροτώ (π.χ. για εξάτμιση αυτοκινήτου) petardear tagasilööki andma پس زدن؛ احتراق ناقص olla jälkikäyntiä retour de flamme avoir un פִּיצוּץ שֶׁל הָצָתָה מוּקדֶמֶת בְּמכוֹנִית उल्टी प्रतिक्रिया होना prerano paliti motor visszagyújt meledak-ledak miskveikja, sprengja ritorno di fiamma fare un 逆火を起こす (내연 기관이) 역화를 일으키다 sproginėti plaukšķēt meletup-letup terugslaan slå tilbake strzelić z tłumika estoirar a da rateuri давать обратную вспышку mať spätný zápal pokati (iz izpušne cevi) loše paljenje baktända ระเบิดถัง erken ateşleme yapmak （汽車）回火 бахнути, стріляти دھماکہ خیز آواز پیدا کرنا nổ sớm （汽车）回火
2 (of a plan etc) to have unexpected results, often opposite to the intended results His scheme backfired (on him), and he lost money. misluk يُعْطي عَكْس النتائِج المرجُوّه давам обратен/неочакван/нежелан резултат selhat, ztroskotat give bagslag fehlschlagen έχω απρόσμενα ή αντίθετα αποτελέσματα από αυτά που περίμενα salir el tiro por la culata vastupidiseid tulemusi andma نتیجه معکوس دادن tuottaa päinvastaisia tuloksia échouer לִפְעוֹל כְּבּוּמֶרַנג उल्टी प्रतिक्रिया होना izjaloviti se visszafelé sül el menjadi bumerang hafa öfug áhrif (við tilætluð) ritorcersi contro やぶへびになる (계획 등이) 빗나가다 duoti nelauktus/priešingus rezultatus izraisīt pretēju efektu berkesudahan sebaliknya mislopen slå feil przybierać nieoczekiwany obrót sair pela culatra a eşua приводить к обратным результатам zlyhať, stroskotať izjaloviti se imati kontraefekat slå slint, misslyckas ส่งผลตรงกันข้ามกับที่ตั้งใจเอาไว้ umulanın tersi çıkmak, geri tepmek 產生事与愿違的結果 привести до несподіваних, протилежних наслідків ناکام ہونا đổ bể 产生事与愿违的结果
n background
1 the space behind the principal or most important figures or objects of a picture etc He always paints ships against a background of stormy skies; trees in the background of the picture. agtergrond خَلفيّه، خَلفِيَّة الصّوره фон pozadí baggrund der Hintergrund φόντο fondo tagapõhi پس زمینه tausta fond רֶקָע पृष्ठभूमि pozadina háttér latar belakang bakgrunnur sfondo 背景 배경 fonas fons latar belakang achtergrond bakgrunn tło fundo background, fundal задний план pozadie ozadje pozadina bakgrund ฉากหลัง arka plan 背景 задній план, фон پس منظر nền 背景
2 happenings that go before, and help to explain, an event etc the background to a situation. agtergrond خَلفِيَّة الأحْداث помощно действие pozadí baggrund der Hintergrund προϊστορία ενός θέματος, υπόβαθρο antecedentes tagamaad زمینه tausta arrière-plan רֶקָע चित्र भूमि podloga háttér latar belakang forsaga sfondo 背後事情 (사건 등의) 배경 prielaidos, priešistorė cēlonis; pamats; priekšvēsture latar belakang achtergrond bakgrunn, forhistorie tło pano de fundo context подоплёка pozadie ozadje prethodna događanja bakgrund ภูมิหลัง bir olayın öncesi 背景情況 передумова, підґрунтя پس منظر bối cảnh 背景情况
3 a person's origins, education etc She was ashamed of her humble background. agtergrond, oorsprong جُذور، خَلفِيَّة الأنسان минало původ, minulost baggrund die Herkunft καταγωγή, προέλευση orígenes, historial päritolu سوابق؛ وضعیت (تجربه و کار و تحصیلات) tausta origines רֶקָע, מוֹצָא पृष्ठभूमि podrijetlo származás asal-usul uppruni retroterra 素姓 출신, 학력 kilmė izcelsme; kvalifikācija latar belakang achtergrond bakgrunn, opphav pochodzenie origens origine; mediu (de provenienţă); educaţie происхождение pôvod, minulosť izvor poreklo bakgrund พื้นเพ özgeçmiş 經歷；學歷 походження; кваліфікація ماضی thông tin cá nhân 经历；学历
n backhand
1 in tennis etc, a stroke or shot with the back of one's hand turned towards the ball a clever backhand; His backhand is very strong. handrughou ضَربَةٌ بِظَهْر اليَد бекхенд backhand baghånd die Rückhand ανάποδο χτύπημα revés tagantkäelöök ضربه پشت راکت rystylyönti revers חֲבָטַת גַב יַד टेनिस इत्यादि में बैकहैंड, हाथ को मोड़ कर लगाया गया शॉट bekend fonák (ütés) pukulan dengan punggung tangan bakhönd rovescio さか手打ち 6(테니스 등에서) 백핸드 kairinis smūgis rokraksts (ar slīpumu uz kreiso pusi) pukulan kilas back-hand bakhåndslag, backhand bekhend jogada backhand, rever бекхенд, удар слева bekhend backhand bekhend backhand ท่าตีโดยหันหลังมือออกนอกตัว ters vuruş, bekhend （网球等的）反手擊球 удар зліва, бекхенд الٹا ہاتھ cú ve bóng （网球等的）反手击球
2 writing with the letters sloping backwards I can always recognize her backhand. agteroor handskrif خَط مائل الحُروف إلى اليَسار наклонен наляво почерк písmo se sklonem doleva stejlskrift (nach links geneigte) Handschrift γραφικός χαρακτήρας με κλίση προς τα αριστερά letra/a la izquierda caligrafía inclinada vasakule kaldu käekiri نوشته ای که حروفش به چپ مایل است vasenviisto käsiala à gauche écriture penchée נְטִייַת הַאוֹתִיוֹת אָחוֹרָנִית आड़े लिखना pisati slovima nakrivljenim unatrag balra dőlő kézírás tulisan miring ke belakang rithönd sem hallar til vinstri (scrittura/a sinistra grafia inclinata) 左傾斜の書体 왼쪽으로 기울어진 서체 į kairę pakrypusi rašysena rokraksts (ar slīpumu uz kreiso pusi) tulisan yang condong ke belakang achteroverhellend schrift steilskrift pochyłe pismo grafia inclinada scris aplecat spre stânga почерк с наклоном влево písmo naklonené doľava nazaj nagnjena pisava rukopis ukošen nalevo bakåtlutande handstil การเขียนเอนไปทางซ้าย sola yatık el yazısı 左斜体書法 почерк з нахилом вліво ترچھا لکھنا chữ viết ngả về phía trái 左斜体书法
adv
using backhand She played the stroke backhand; She writes backhand. handrugagtig باستِعمال ظَهْر اليد наклонен наляво backhandem, se sklonem doleva stejlskrift Schlag mit der Rückhand ανάποδα del revés; con el de la dorso mano tagantkätt, vasakule kaldu با پشت راکت؛ مایل به چپ rystylyönnillä, vasenviisto en revers, à gauche penché לַגְלגָנִי आड़े लिखना pisati slovima nakrivljenim unatrag fonákkal; balra dőlő kézírással dengan belakang tangan með bakhandarhöggi; með vinstrihallandi skrift di rovescio; obliquamente さか手打ちで 백핸드로, 왼쪽으로 기울여서 iš kairės, pakrypusia rašysena tulisan yang condong ke belakang back-hand, achteroverhellend bakhånds-, skrevet med steilskrift bekhendem, pochyło, pochyłym pismem obliquamente backhand/ care are rever; aplecat spre stânga с уклоном влево bekhendom; so sklonom doľava z backhandom; nazaj nagnjeno koji koristi bekhend med backhand, med bakåtlutande handstil ด้วยลายมือที่เอนไปทางซ้าย ters vuruşla yapılan, sola yatık olarak 反手地 бекхенд; з нахилом вліво الٹا ہاتھ về phía tay trái 反手地
n backlog
a pile of uncompleted work etc which has collected a backlog of orders because of the strike. agterstand أعمال مُتَراكِمـه натрупване nahromadění pukkel; ophobning; ugjort arbejde der Rückstand συσσωρευμένη δουλειά που έπρεπε ήδη να έχει ολοκληρωθεί atrasos, trabajo acumulado hunnik (tegemata töid) ناتمام؛ عقب افتاده suma accumulation פִּגוּר מִצטַבֵּר @@@פִּיגוּר מִצטַבֵּר$$$ संचित कार्य zaostaci restancia tumpukan (pekerjaan), timbunan óafgreidd mál arretrato 未処理の仕事 미처리된 잔무(殘務) neatlikti darbai nepadarīts darbs lantukan achterstand ugjort arbeid, etterslep zaległości acumulação acumulare (de sarcini nerezolvate) накопившаяся невыполненная работа nahromadenie kopičenje, kup nagomilani posao eftersläpande arbete งานคั่งค้าง birikmiş iş 積壓的工作 незакінчена робота بقایا công việc tồn đọng 积压的工作
n back-ˈnumber
an out-of-date copy or issue of a magazine etc He collects back-numbers of comic magazines. vorige eksemplaar عَدَدٌ قَديم стар брой staré číslo (novin, časopisu) gammelt nummer alte Ausgabe παλιό τεύχος (π.χ. περιοδικού) número atrasado vana number شماره قدیمی روزنامه یا مجله vanha numero vieux numéro עִתוֹן יָשַן @@@עִיתוֹן יָשַן$$$ पीछला नम्बर, पुरान नम्बर stari broj régebbi szám nomor lama gamalt eintak af tímariti numero arretrato バックナンバー 지난호 senas (laikraksta, žurnāla) vecs numurs keluaran prakini oud nummer gammelt nummer zaległy numer número atrasado număr vechi (de ziar, de revistă etc.) старые номера staré číslo stara številka stari brojevi časopisa gammalt nummer av tidning el. tidskrift หนังสือพิมพ์หรือนิตยสารที่เคยตีพิมพ์แล้ว eski sayı 過期的報刊 старий номер گذشتہ شمارہ số tạp chí cũ 过期的报刊
n backpack
(especially American) a bag that walkers, people who go on trips, or students carry on their backs. rugsak مُسافِرون يَحمِلون الحقائِب раница batoh, ranec na záda rygsæk der Rucksack σακίδιο πλάτης mochila seljakott کوله پشتی sac à dos תַרמִיל גַב पीठ पर ले जाने वाला बैग ruksak hátizsák ransel zaino リュックサック 배낭 kuprinė mugursoma beg sandang rugzak ryggsekk plecak rucsac рюкзак batoh, plecniak nahrbtnik ruksak ryggsäck กระเป๋าสะพายหลัง sırt çantası 背包 рюкзак پشت پر رکھنے والا تھیلا balô 背包
backpacking: go backpacking
to go on trips or go camping carrying a backpack. rugsakreis السَّفَر مع الحقائِب على الظَّهر отивам на път с раница cestovat s batohem na zádech rejse med rygsæk eine Rucksacktour machen ταξίδι, εκδρομή με σακίδιο στην πλάτη viajar de mochila seljakotiga matkama (minema) کوله پشتی حمل کردن au dos voyager sac טִיוּל תַּרמִילָאִים पीठ पर बैग ले जाना ići na kampiranje kirándul, kempingezik mengembara dengan membawa ransel (l'andare in vacanza con lo zaino a spalla) リュックを背負った旅行 배낭여행을 떠나다 iškylauti, eiti į žygį su kuprine iet tūrisma pārgājienā mengembara dengan beg sandang met rugzak reizen fottur; gå i fjellet/fra hytte til hytte turyzm ходить в поход ísť (na turistiku) s plecniakom na chrbte potovati z nahrbtnikom putovati s rancem na leđima fotvandra [] ท่องเที่ยว sırt çantalı gezi/kamp 背包旅行或露營 туристичний похід مہم پر جانا dã ngoại 背包旅行或露营
n backpacker
rugsakreisiger عَدد قديم من الجَريده човек с раница turista s batohem na zádech rygsæksturist der Rucksacktourist ταξιδιώτης, εκδρομέας με σακίδιο στην πλάτη mochilero, persona que viaja con mochila (seljakotiga) matkaja, rändaja کوله دار routard תַּרמִילָאי पीठ पर बैग ले जाने वाला kamper s ruksakom turista pengembara dengan membawa ransel (persona che va in vacanza con lo zaino a spalla) リュック旅行をする人 배낭 여행자 iškylautojas kājāmgājējs tūrists pendaki yang membawa beg sandang trekker met rugzak fotturist turysta пеший турист turista s plecniakom na chrbte popotnik z nahrbtnikom osoba koja putuje s rancem na leđima person som bär sin packning i ryggsäck ผู้เดินทางท่องเที่ยวแบบสะพายกระเป๋าหลัง sırt çantalı gezgin 背包旅行或露營者 турист з рюкзаком رکھنے والا پشت پر تھیلا du khách ba lô 背包旅行或露营者
n backside
the bottom or buttocks He sits on his backside all day long and does no work. bas, alie مُؤَخَّره، كفَل задни части zadek, prdel (vulg.) bagdel; ende das Hinterteil οπίσθια trasero, nalgas, posaderas tagumik نشیمنگاه؛ کپل takamus derrière יַשׁבָן पीछे का हिस्सा stražnjica fenék bokong, pantat rass, sitjandi didietro 尻 엉덩이 užpakalis pakaļpuse; sēžamvieta punggung achterwerk bak, rumpe tyłek traseiro partea din spate/din fund задница zadok zadnja plat zadnjica bak, ända ก้นหรือบั้นท้าย kıç, popo 屁股；背部 зад; сідниці چُوتڑ mông đít 屁股；背部
n backslash
the sign (\). trusolidus خَط مائل عَكْسي наклонена черта obrácené lomítko omvendt skråstreg der Backslash η ανάποδη πλάγια κάθετος, το σύμβολο «\» barra invertida längkriips, kurakriips بک اسلش barre oblique inverse לוּכסַן אֲחוֹרִי \ का चिह्न znak virgula, törtvonal tanda barra inversa (\)の記号 역사선 įžambus kairinis brūkšnys slīpsvītra garis condong belakang naar achteren hellend streepje omvendt skråstrek, backslash ukośnik wsteczny косая черта opačná lomka leva poševnica kosa crta omvänt snedstreck, bakstreck เครื่องหมาย \ ters kesir işareti 反斜線符號 зворотня нахильна риска کا نشان\ dấu gạch chéo ngược 反斜线符号
n backstroke
in swimming, a stroke made when lying on one's back in the water The child is good at backstroke. rugslag ضَربَةُ سباحَةٍ ظَهْريَّه плуване по гръб plavání naznak rygcrawl das Rückenschwimmen ύπτια κολύμβηση braza de espalda seliliujumine کرال پشت selkäuinti sur le dos nage שִׂחייַת גַב पीछे की तरफ तैरना leđni stil plivanja hátúszás gaya punggung baksund dorso, nuoto sul dorso 背泳ぎ 배영 plaukimas nugara peldēšana uz muguras kuak lentang rugslag ryggtak, ryggsvømming styl grzbietowy costas înot (pe spate) плавание на спине plávanie naznak hrbtno plavanje leđni stil ryggsim ท่าว่ายน้ำแบบตีกรรเชียง sırtüstü yüzüş 仰泳 плавання на спині تیراکی کے دوران پُشت کے بل تیرنے کا ایک انداز bơi ngửa 仰泳
n backup
1 additional people who provide help when it is needed The police officer requested some backup when the shooting began. bystand قُوَّةُ دَعْـم подкрепление záloha, podpora hjælp die Verstärkung ενισχύσεις, εφεδρικές δυνάμεις refuerzo lisajõud, abivägi نیروی کمکی renforts תִּגבּוֹרֶת, גִּבּוּי पीछे से समर्थन potpora segítség bantuan rinforzo 支援（者） 지원자[], 후원자 pastiprinimas, parama papildspēki bantuan reserve hjelp, oppbakking, reservemannskap posiłki резерв; подкрепление posila, podpora pomoč pojačanje förstärkning, uppbackning ผู้สนับสนุน yardım, destek 后援；后備者 підтримка, резерв کمک lực lượng hỗ trợ 后援；后备者
2 a copy of a computer file that can be used in case the original is destroyed. dekkopie, rugsteunkopie نُسْخَة دَعْـم резерва záloha sikkerhedskopi die Sicherungskopie αντίγραφο ασφαλείας για αρχείο Η/Υ copia de seguridad/reserva varukoopia پشتیبان sauvegarde גִּבּוּי कंप्यूटर की एक प्रति जो मूल के नष्ट होने पर काम में आती है kopija računalne datoteke biztonsági/tartalék másolat cadangan backup, di riserva copia バックアップコピー ?컴퓨터? 여벌, 백업 rezervinė kopija dublējums salinan sandar back-up sikkerhetskopi kopia bezpieczeństwa резервная копия záložná disketa varnostna kopija rezervni podaci säkerhetskopia, backup แฟ้มข้อมูลสำรอง (คอมพิวเตอร์) yedek kopya 備份文件 резервна копія تائیدی یا محفوظ نسخہ bản sao dự phòng 备份文件
3 (also adjective) a piece of equipment, a system etc that can be used when there is a problem with the original one a backup plan; We have a backup generator in case the power fails. rugsteun, spaar أَداةُ دَعْـم احتِياطيّـه резервен záloha, záložní ekstra; ekstra- der Ersatz- εφεδρικός, εναλλακτικός recambio; de reserva varuosa یدکی؛ زاپاس soutien תָּכְנִית גִּבּוּי pričuva, pričuvni tartalék cadangan riserva 予備、代替 (비상시의) 예비, 대책 atsarginė sistema; atsarginis rezerves sokongan extra reserve, støttemaskin, alternativ zapasowy дублирующий вариант rezerva, náhrada rezervni deo ersättnings-, reserv- สำรอง yedek 備份 запасний, резервний امدادی ، تائیدی dự phòng 备份
n backwash
1 a backward current eg that following a ship's passage through the water the backwash of the steamer. boeggolf انْحِسار الماء خَلْفَ السَّفينَـه водна диря protiproud kølvand das Kielwasser ρεύμα νερού που κινείται προς τα πίσω (π.χ. το ρεύμα που δημιουργεί ένα καράβι διασχίζοντας corriente de expulsión järellainetus پس موج jälkimainingit remous זֶרֶם חוֹזֵר प्रतिक्षिप्त जल uzvitlana struja vode sodrás riak kjalsog risacca 後方への波 역류(逆流) priešsrovė kuģa saceltie viļņi; pretplūsma ombak undur boeggolf kjølvann, motsjø prąd wsteczny ressaca contracurent волны от парохода protiprúd ladijski valovi pruga iza broda svallvåg คลื่นที่ไหลกลับมากระทบฝั่ง geri akıntı, dümen suyu 逆流 хвилі від човна або судна, зворотній потік ، لہر کا اتار الٹی لہر ، موجِ واپسیں nước xoáy ngược 逆流
2 the unintentional results of an action, situation etc The backwash of that firm's financial troubles affected several other firms. uitvloei نَتائجُ خَلفِيَّةٌ غير مُتَوَقَّعـه отзвук důsledek eftervirkning; følge die Nachwirkung δυσάρεστα επακόλουθα consecuencia, repercusión järellainetus پیامد ناخوشایند jälkimainingit remous תּוֹצָאַת לווָאִי अप्रवाही जल neželjene posljedice utóhatás akibat eftirköst ripercussioni 余波 여파 neigiamas poveikis (kāda notikuma) atskaņa kesan surutan reactie etterdønning skutki uboczne repercussão urmări nedorite отголосок dôsledok vrtinec posledica följder, efterverkningar ผลที่ไม่ตั้งใจให้เกิดจากการกระทำบางอย่าง dolaylı sonuç 反響 наслідки, відголос بُرے اثرات kết quả xấu 反响
n backwater
1 a stretch of river not in the main stream. systroom مِياهٌ تُدْفَعُ إلى الوراءِ بِفِعْلِ سَّدد أو فَيَضان застояла вода stojatá voda biflod der Seitenarm στάσιμα νερά brazo de río estancado jõesopp آب راکد akanvirta bras de décharge, bras mort פֶלֶג מָים अप्रवाही जल povlačenje vode od obale holtág air yang dibendung straumlaus vík í fljótsbakka acqua stagnante, riflusso もどり水 역수(逆水) užutekis atteka air buri binnenwater bakevje martwa odnoga riacho braţ; răstoacă заводь stojatá voda mrtev rokav ustajala voda na reci bakvatten, bakström สาขาของแม่น้ำที่แยกออกมา durgun su 回流 заводь بند پانی ، بند کھاڑی chỗ đọng nước 回流
2 a place not affected by what is happening in the world outside That village is rather a backwater. kleindorpie, afgeleë plek مَكانٌناءٍ затънтено място stojaté vody (přen.), tišina, klidné místo afkrog rückständiger Ort τόπος που μένει ανεπηρέαστος από τις εξωτερικές εξελίξεις remanso kolgas دورافتاده käpykylä coin tranquille קוֹפֵא עַל שׁמָרַיו mrtvilo, žabokrečina Isten háta mögötti hely tempat terpencil dan terbelakang afskekktur staður (angolo tranquillo) 後進地域 정체[]된 지역 užkampis atpalikusi nomale mati afgelegen plaats avkrok zaścianek lugar atrasado loc izolat тихая заводь tíšina, tiché miesto miren kotiček učmalo mesto avkrok บรรยากาศที่ซึมเซา dünyadan habersiz bir yer 死气沉沉的地方；死水 глухомань, місце на відшибі جمود ، جنگل میں واقع جگہ nơi chậm tiến 死气沉沉的地方；死水
n backˈyard
(especially American) a garden at the back of a house etc He grows vegetables in his backyard. agterplaas فِناءٌ خَلْفي заден двор dvorek nebo zahrádka za domem baghave hinter dem Haus Garten πίσω αυλή patio trasero tagaõu حیات خلوت takapiha arrière-cour חָצֵר אֲחוֹרִית पिछवाड़ा stražnje dvorište hátsó kiskert halaman belakang bakgarður cortile 裏庭 뒤뜰 daržas/kiemas už namo dārzs aiz mājas kawasan belakang rumah achtertuin bakhage, bakgård ogród quintal curte/grădină din spatele unei case садик за домом záhradka za domom vrtiček za hišo zadnje dvorište bakgård, trädgård på baksidan สวนหลังบ้าน arka bahçe 后院 город або сад за будинком پائیں باغ ، عقبی صحن sân sau 后院
back down
to give up one's opinion, claim etc She backed down in the face of strong opposition. toegee يُعَبِّر عن رأيِهِ оттеглям се ustoupit trække sig klein beigeben υποχωρώ echarse/volverse atrás; rajarse (oma seisukohast) taganema جا زدن؛ عقب نشینی کردن perääntyä reculer (devant) לַסֶגֶת, לְווָתֵר पीछे हटना, छोड़ देना povući se meghátrál mengalah draga í land rinunciare 引きさがる pasitraukti atkāpties; atteikties (no prasībām u. tml.) mengalah terugkrabbelen fravike; trekke seg wycofać się recuar a bate în retragere (în faţa cuiva) отступаться ustúpiť umakniti se (pred) povući se backa [], retirera ยอมจำนน pes etmek, yelkenleri suya indirmek 放棄（觀點） відступатися, відмовлятися ہار ماننا thoái lui 放弃（观点）
back of
(American) behind He parked back of the store. agter خَلْف зад za něčím bag; bagved hinter πίσω από detrás de taga در پشت taakse, takana derrière מְאָחוֹרֵי पीछे iza mögött di belakang bak við retro ～のうしろに 뒤쪽에 už aiz belakang achter bak za por trás în spatele сзади, позади za za iza på baksidan av หลัง arkasında 在...的后部 позаду پیچھے ، عقب đằng sau 在...的后部
back on to
(of a building etc) to have its back next to (something) My house backs on to the racecourse. se agterkant grens aan خلْفُـهُ نَحْو до sousedit vzadu vende bagsiden mod (hinten) grenzen an γειτονεύω από την πίσω μεριά dar a tagaküljelt piirnema پشت به پشت؛ دیوار به دیوار rajoittua takapuolelta donner (par derrière) sur סָמוּך ל- के निकट पिछवाड़ा होना oslanjati se na nešto háttal áll vminek membelakangi liggja að dare su 背中合わせである 등을 맞대고 있다 stovėti nugara į ką ar aizmuguri pret membelakangi grenzen aan van achteren vende baksiden mot sąsiadować dar para a da în spate (în)spre примыкать (сзади) susediť vzadu z zadnjim delom gledati na graničiti se sa med baksidan mot ด้านหลังติดกับ arkası ...-e dönük olmak 背對著 прилягати, межувати پیچھے ہونا quay lưng lại 背对著
back out
1 to move out backwards He opened the garage door and backed (his car) out. agteruit ry يَرْجِعُ إلى الخَلْف движа се на заден ход vycouvat bakke ud rückwärts bewegen βγαίνω κινούμενος προς τα πίσω marcha atrás salir välja tagurdama عقب عقب درآمدن peruuttaa en marche sortir arrière, à reculons לָנוּע לְאָחוֹר पीछे जाना izvesti natraške kitolat mundur bakka marcia indietro uscire a バックして出す 후진하다 išeiti/išvažiuoti atbulom, išvaryti atgal braukt atpakaļgaitā mengundur achteruitrijden uit rygge wycofywać (się) recuar a ieşi cu spatele, a da în marşarier выехать задним ходом vycúvať vzvratno peljati iz voziti unazad backa ut ถอยหลัง geri geri gitmek 倒出 виїздити заднім ходом پیچھے سے نکلنا یا نکالنا lùi 倒出
2 to withdraw from a promise etc You promised to help – you mustn't back out now! kop uittrek يَتَراجَعُ عِن وَعْدِهِ оттеглям се vyvléci se z něčeho bakke ud; trække sig sich drücken υπαναχωρώ echarse/volverse atrás; no cumplir taganema جا زدن؛ عهدشکنی کردن perääntyä (se) dérober לַסֶגֶת, לְהִתחָרֵט मुकरना povući obećanje visszalép ingkar janji draga sig til baka tirarsi indietro 手を引く 파기하다 pasitraukti, atsisakyti izvairīties (no kaut kā) menarik diri teruggaan op trekke seg, bakke ut wycofywać się recuar a da înapoi уклоняться vyzuť sa z (čoho), vymaniť sa zmuzniti se povući se backa ur, smita undan กลับคำ sözünden caymak, döneklik etmek 收回（承諾） ухилятися پیچھے ہٹنا nuốt lời 收回（承诺）
back up
1 to support or encourage The new evidence backed up my arguments. ondersteun يَدْعَم، يُؤَيِّد подкрепям podepřít støtte; bakke op bekräftigen υποστηρίζω, ενισχύω sostener toetama تایید کردن tukea soutenir לִתְמוֹך समर्थन करना poduprijeti támogat mendukung styðja sostenere, appoggiare 後援する 후원하다 paremti []balstīt menyokong steunen støtte, bakke opp popierać apoiar a susţine, a confirma поддерживать podporiť potrjevati potkrepiti stödja, backa upp สนับสนุน desteklemek, arka çıkmak 支持 підтримувати تائید کرنا ، حمایت کرنا ủng hộ 支持
2 to make a copy of the information stored on the computer or disk. rugsteun, dekkopieer يَنْسَخُ نُسْخَةً داعِمـه правя резервно копие zálohovat lave sikkerhedskopi eine Sicherheitskopie machen δημιουργώ αντίγραφο ασφαλείας σε αρχείο Η/Υ copia de seguridad hacer una/reserva varukoopiat tegema پشتیبان گرفتن sauvegarder לְגַבּוֹת कंप्यूटर और डिस्क पर संचित सूचना की एक प्रति बनाना napraviti kopiju datoteke másolatot készít mengkopi, membuat cadangan di riserva fare una copia バックアップコピーを取る daryti rezervinę/atsarginę kopiją dublēt membuat salinan sandar een back-up maken lage sikkerhetskopi zrobić kopię bezpieczeństwa дублировать информацию kopírovať varnostna kopija napraviti kopiju podataka sa računara göra en säkerhetskopia (backup) สำรองข้อมูล yedeklemek 備份 виготовляти резервну копію محفوظ نقل بنانا sao dự phòng 备份
have one's back to the wall
to be in a very difficult or desperate situation He certainly has his back to the wall as he has lost his job and cannot find another one. in die noute, in die knyp ظَهْرُهُ إلى الحائِط، مُحاصَر намирам се в трудна ситуация být v úzkých, přitlačen ke zdi stå med ryggen mod muren mit dem Rücken an der Wand stehen βρίσκομαι σε πολύ δύσκολη θέση estar entre la espada y la pared vastu seina surutud در تنگنا قرار گرفتن joutua seinää vasten être au pied du mur בְּגַבּוֹ אֶל הַקִיר दीवार से पीठ लगना biti u teškoj situaciji szorult helyzetben van keadaan sulit vera upp við vegg essere con le spalle al muro 追い詰められて 궁지에 몰리다 būti įvarytam į kampą būt ļoti grūtos apstākļos / situācijā terdesak met de rug tegen de muur staan møte veggen, stå med ryggen mot veggen być przypartym do muru estar em posição difícil a fi la ananghie в безвыходном положении dostať sa do úzkych biti v zagati biti u škripcu hårt ansatt, ställd mot väggen หลังชนฝา zor durumda olmak, çıkmaza saplanmak 處于絕境 бути в скрутному становищі, терпіти нужду پشت دیوار کے ساتھ لگنا ، مجبور ہونا lâm vào thế cùng đường 处于绝境
put someone's back up
to anger someone He put my back up with his boasting. iemand laat vererg, iemand laat kromrug staan يُغضب، يُغيظ ядосвам rozčílit irritere jemanden auf die Palme bringen ενοχλώ, εξοργίζω irritar, exasperar, de los poner nervios (kedagi) vihale ajama عصبانی کردن sapettaa irriter qqn לְהַרְגִיז नाराज करना razljutiti nekoga felbosszant membuat marah ergja/reita (e-n) til reiði infuriarsi 怒らせる 화나게 하다 supykdyti, įsiutinti kaitināt; sadusmot (kādu) menyakitkan hati iemand irriteren ergre zdenerwować irritar (alguém) a enerva pe cineva рассердить кого-л. rozčúliť razkačiti naljutiti reta upp ngn ทำให้โกรธ kızdırmak, canını sıkmak 激怒（某人） дратувати, сердити بیزار کرنا làm ai nổi giận 激怒（某人）
take a back seat
to take an unimportant position At these discussions he always takes a back seat and listens to others talking. op die agtergrond raak يَتَّخِذُ مَوْقِفا خَلفِيّا / غيرَ مُهِم заемам маловажна позиция držet se stranou, v pozadí holde sig i baggrunden; holde lav profil in den Hintergrund treten παραμένω αμέτοχος, παίζω ασήμαντο ρόλο στις εξελίξεις segundo plano situarse en un tagaplaanile tõmbuma موضع یا سمت پایین و درجه دو گرفتن vetäytyä taka-alalle s'effacer לְהִישָׁאֵר בַּרֶקָע चर्चा में हिस्सा नहीं लेना sjesti u pozadinu háttérbe húzódik mengambil kedudukan tidak penting láta lítið á sér bera, halda sig til baka accontentarsi di un posto in sottordine でしゃばらないようにする 나서지 않다 kukliai laikytis, nesikišti ieņemt nenozīmīgu amatu / nostāju mengambil peranan yang kurang penting op de achtergrond treden holde seg i bakgrunnen, holde en lav profil grać drugie skrzypce ficar calado a sta deoparte, a nu se implica занимать незаметную позицию držať sa v pozadí umakniti se zauzeti mesto u pozadini inta en tillbakadragen position อยู่ในตำแหน่งที่ไม่สำคัญ kendini göstermemek 處于次要地位，謙讓 відійти на задній план عقبی نششت پر بیٹھنا chỉ tham gia một phần 处于次要地位，谦让
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