rough (redirected from roughed)

rough  (rf)

adj. rough·er, rough·est

1. Having a surface marked by irregularities, protuberances, or ridges; not smooth.

2. Coarse or shaggy to the touch: a rough scratchy blanket.

3.

a. Difficult to travel over or through: the rough terrain of the highlands.

b. Characterized by violent motion; turbulent: rough waters.

c. Difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather: a rough winter.

d. Unpleasant or difficult: had a rough time during the exam.

4.

a. Boisterous, unruly, uncouth, or rowdy: ran with a rough crowd.

b. Lacking polish or finesse: rough manners.

5. Characterized by carelessness or force, as in manipulating: broke the crystal through rough handling.

6. Harsh to the ear: a rough raspy sound.

7. Being in a natural state: rough diamonds.

8. Not perfected, completed, or fully detailed: a rough drawing; rough carpentry.

n.

1.

a. Rugged overgrown terrain.

b. Sports The part of a golf course left unmowed and uncultivated.

2. The difficult or disagreeable aspect, part, or side: observed politics in the rough when working as an intern on Capitol Hill.

3. Something in an unfinished or hastily worked-out state.

4. A crude unmannered person; a rowdy.

tr.v. roughed, rough·ing, roughs

1.

a. To treat roughly or with physical violence: roughed up his opponent.

b. Sports To treat (an opposing player) with unnecessary roughness, often in violation of the rules: was ejected from the game for roughing the passer.

2. To prepare or indicate in an unfinished form: rough out a house plan.

adv.

In a rough manner; roughly: The engine began to run rough and faltered.

Idiom:

rough it

To live without the usual comforts and conveniences: roughed it in a small hunting shack.

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[Middle English, from Old English rh.]

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rougher n.

roughly adv.

roughness n.

Synonyms: rough, harsh, jagged, rugged, scabrous, uneven
These adjectives apply to what is not smooth but has a coarse, irregular surface. Rough describes something that to the sight or touch has inequalities, as projections or ridges: rough bark; rough, chapped hands.
Something harsh is unpleasantly rough, discordant, or grating: harsh burlap; a harsh voice.
Jagged refers to an edge or surface with irregular projections and indentations: a jagged piece of glass.
Rugged can apply to land surfaces characterized by irregular, often steep rises and slopes: rugged countryside.
Scabrous means rough and scaly to the touch: granular, scabrous skin.
Uneven describes lines or surfaces of which some parts are not level with others: uneven ground; uneven handwriting. See Also Synonyms at rude.

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rough [rʌf]

adj

1. (of a surface) not smooth; uneven or irregular

2. (of ground) covered with scrub, boulders, etc.

3. denoting or taking place on uncultivated ground rough grazing rough shooting

4. shaggy or hairy

5. turbulent; agitated a rough sea

6. (of the performance or motion of something) uneven; irregular a rough engine

7. (of behaviour or character) rude, coarse, ill mannered, inconsiderate, or violent

8. harsh or sharp rough words

9. Informal severe or unpleasant a rough lesson

10. (of work, a task, etc.) requiring physical rather than mental effort

11. Informal ill or physically upset he felt rough after an evening of heavy drinking

12. unfair or unjust rough luck

13. harsh or grating to the ear

14. harsh to the taste

15. without refinement, luxury, etc.

16. not polished or perfected in any detail; rudimentary; not elaborate rough workmanship rough justice

17. not prepared or dressed rough gemstones

18. (of a guess, estimate, etc.) approximate

19. Austral informal (of a chance) not good

20. (Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology) having the sound of h; aspirated

rough on Informal chiefly Brit

a.  severe towards

b.  unfortunate for (a person)

the rough side of one's tongue harsh words; a reprimand, rebuke, or verbal attack

n

1. rough ground

2. (Fine Arts & Visual Arts / Art Terms) a sketch or preliminary piece of artwork

3. an unfinished or crude state (esp in the phrase in the rough)

(Individual Sports & Recreations)

the rough Golf the part of the course bordering the fairways where the grass is untrimmed

5. (Individual Sports & Recreations / Tennis) (Individual Sports & Recreations / Squash & Fives) (Individual Sports & Recreations / Badminton) Tennis Squash Badminton the side of a racket on which the binding strings form an uneven line

6. Informal a rough or violent person; thug

7. the unpleasant side of something (esp in the phrase take the rough with the smooth)

adv

1. in a rough manner; roughly

sleep rough to spend the night in the open; be without a home or without shelter

vb

1. (tr) to make rough; roughen

2. (tr; foll by out, in, etc.) to prepare (a sketch, report, piece of work, etc.) in preliminary form

rough it Informal to live without the usual comforts or conveniences of life See also rough out, rough up

[Old English rūh; related to Old Norse ruksa, Middle Dutch rūge, rūwe, German rauh]

roughness  n

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	rough - the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short golf course, links course - course consisting of a large landscaped area for playing golf land site, site - the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located); "a good site for the school"
Verb	1.	rough - prepare in preliminary or sketchy form rough in, rough out prepare - to prepare verbally, either for written or spoken delivery; "prepare a report"; "prepare a speech"
Adj.	1.	rough - having or caused by an irregular surface; "trees with rough bark"; "rough ground"; "rough skin"; "rough blankets"; "his unsmooth face" unsmooth uneven - not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture; "an uneven color"; "uneven ground"; "uneven margins"; "wood with an uneven grain" unironed, wrinkled - (of linens or clothes) not ironed; "a pile of unironed laundry"; "wore unironed jeans" unpolished - not carefully reworked or perfected or made smooth by polishing; "dull unpolished shoes" irregular - contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice; "irregular hiring practices" coarse, harsh - of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles; "coarse meal"; "coarse sand"; "a coarse weave" nonslippery - not slippery; not likely to slip or skid smooth - having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities; "smooth skin"; "a smooth tabletop"; "smooth fabric"; "a smooth road"; "water as smooth as a mirror"
	2.	rough - (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse; "she was a diamond in the rough"; "rough manners" unrefined - (used of persons and their behavior) not refined; uncouth; "how can a refined girl be drawn to such an unrefined man?"
	3.	rough - not quite exact or correct; "the approximate time was 10 o'clock"; "a rough guess"; "a ballpark estimate" approximate, approximative inexact - not exact
	4.	rough - full of hardship or trials; "the rocky road to success"; "they were having a rough time" rocky difficult, hard - not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; "a difficult task"; "nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access"; "difficult times"; "why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?"
	5.	rough - violently agitated and turbulent; "boisterous winds and waves"; "the fierce thunders roar me their music"- Ezra Pound; "rough weather"; "rough seas" boisterous, fierce stormy - (especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion; "a stormy day"; "wide and stormy seas"
	6.	rough - unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound; "a gravelly voice" grating, rasping, raspy, gravelly, scratchy cacophonic, cacophonous - having an unpleasant sound; "as cacophonous as a henyard"- John McCarten
	7.	rough - ready and able to resort to force or violence; "pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance"- Herman Melville; "they were rough and determined fighting men" pugnacious aggressive - having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends; "an aggressive businessman"; "an aggressive basketball player"; "he was aggressive and imperious; positive in his convictions"; "aggressive drivers"
	8.	rough - of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped phytology, botany - the branch of biology that studies plants unsubdivided, simple - (botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions compound - composed of more than one part; "compound leaves are composed of several lobes; "compound flower heads" smooth - of the margin of a leaf shape; not broken up into teeth
	9.	rough - causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements; "a rough ride" bumpy, jolting, jolty, jumpy, rocky smooth - of motion that runs or flows or proceeds without jolts or turbulence; "a smooth ride"
	10.	rough - not shaped by cutting or trimming; "an uncut diamond"; "rough gemstones" uncut
	11.	rough - not carefully or expertly made; "managed to make a crude splint"; "a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them"; "rough carpentry" crude unskilled - not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency; "unskilled in the art of rhetoric"; "an enthusiastic but unskillful mountain climber"; "unskilled labor"; "workers in unskilled occupations are finding fewer and fewer job opportunities"; "unskilled workmanship"
	12.	rough - not perfected; "a rough draft"; "a few rough sketches" unpolished - not carefully reworked or perfected or made smooth by polishing; "dull unpolished shoes"
	13.	rough - unpleasantly stern; "wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"; "the nomad life is rough and hazardous" harsh unpleasant - disagreeable to the senses, to the mind, or feelings ; "an unpleasant personality"; "unpleasant repercussions"; "unpleasant odors"
	14.	rough - unkind or cruel or uncivil; "had harsh words"; "a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"; "a rough answer" harsh unkind - lacking kindness; "a thoughtless and unkind remark"; "the unkindest cut of all"
Adv.	1.	rough - with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly'); "he was pushed roughly aside"; "they treated him rough" roughly colloquialism - a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech
	2.	rough - with rough motion as over a rough surface; "ride rough" roughly

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rough

adjective

1. uneven, broken, rocky, rugged, irregular, jagged, bumpy, stony, craggy She made her way across the rough ground.
uneven even, level, regular, smooth, unbroken

2. coarse, disordered, tangled, hairy, fuzzy, bushy, shaggy, dishevelled, uncut, unshaven, tousled, bristly, unshorn people who looked rough and stubbly
coarse soft, smooth

3. boisterous, hard, tough, aggressive, brutal, vicious, rugged, arduous, unrestrained Rugby's a rough game.

4. ungracious, blunt, rude, coarse, bluff, curt, churlish, bearish, brusque, uncouth, unrefined, inconsiderate, impolite, loutish, untutored, discourteous, unpolished, indelicate, uncivil, uncultured, unceremonious, ill-bred, unmannerly, ill-mannered He was rough and common.
ungracious civil, smooth, sophisticated, elegant, pleasant, delicate, refined, polite, graceful, gracious, courteous, considerate, urbane, courtly, well-bred, well-mannered

5. unpleasant, hard, difficult, tough, uncomfortable, drastic, unjust Women have a rough time in our society.
unpleasant easy, soft, comfortable, pleasant, cushy (informal)

6. (Informal) unwell, poorly (informal), ill, upset, sick, crook (Austral. & N.Z. informal), rotten (informal), below par, off colour, under the weather (informal), not a hundred per cent (informal), ropey or ropy (Brit. informal) The lad is still feeling a bit rough.

7. approximate, estimated, vague, ballpark, imprecise, inexact We were only able to make a rough estimate.
approximate perfected, specific, exact

8. vague, general, sketchy, imprecise, hazy, foggy, amorphous, inexact I've got a rough idea of what he looks like.

9. basic, quick, raw, crude, unfinished, incomplete, hasty, imperfect, rudimentary, sketchy, cursory, shapeless, rough-and-ready, unrefined, formless, rough-hewn, untutored, unpolished Make a rough plan of the space.
basic detailed, finished, complete, perfected, specific, polished, refined

10. rough-hewn, crude, uncut, unpolished, raw, undressed, unprocessed, unhewn, unwrought a rough wooden table

11. stormy, wild, turbulent, agitated, choppy, tempestuous, inclement, squally The ships collided in rough seas.
stormy quiet, calm, smooth, gentle, tranquil

12. grating, harsh, jarring, raucous, rasping, husky, discordant, gruff, cacophonous, unmusical, inharmonious 'Wait!' a rough voice commanded.
grating soft, smooth, harmonious

13. harsh, tough, sharp, severe, nasty, cruel, rowdy, curt, unfeeling I was a bit rough with you this morning.
harsh just, kind, soft, quiet, gentle, pleasant, mild

noun

1. outline, draft, mock-up, preliminary sketch, suggestion Editors are always saying that the roughs are better.

2. (Informal) thug, tough, casual, rowdy, hoon (Austral. & N.Z.), bully boy, bruiser, ruffian, lager lout, roughneck (slang), ned (slang) The roughs of the town are out.

rough and ready

3. makeshift, adequate, crude, provisional, improvised, sketchy, thrown together, cobbled together, stopgap Here is a rough and ready measurement.

4. unrefined, shabby, untidy, unkempt, unpolished, ungroomed, ill-groomed The soldiers were a bit rough and ready.

rough and tumble

5. fight, struggle, scrap (informal), brawl, scuffle, punch-up (Brit. informal), fracas, affray (Law), dust-up (informal), shindig (informal), donnybrook, scrimmage, roughhouse (slang), shindy (informal), melee or mêlée the rough and tumble of political combat

6. disorderly, rough, scrambled, scrambling, irregular, rowdy, boisterous, haphazard, indisciplined He enjoys rough and tumble play.

rough someone up (Informal) beat up, batter, thrash, do over (Brit., Austral., & N.Z. slang), work over (slang), mistreat, manhandle, maltreat, bash up (informal), beat the living daylights out of (informal), knock about or around They roughed him up a bit

rough something out outline, plan, draft, sketch, suggest, block out, delineate, adumbrate He roughed out a framework for their story.

Translations

rough [rʌf]

A. ADJ (rougher (compar) (roughest (superl)))

1. (= coarse) [surface, texture] → áspero, rugoso; [skin] → áspero; [cloth] → basto; [hand] → calloso
to give sb the rough edge or side of one's tongue → echar una buena bronca a algn

2. (= uneven) [terrain] → accidentado, escabroso; [road] → desigual, lleno de baches; [track, ground] → desigual; [edge] → irregular
he'll be a good salesman once we knock off the rough edges → será un buen vendedor una vez que lo hayamos pulido un poco

3. (= harsh, unpleasant) [voice, sound] → ronco; [wine] → áspero; [life] → difícil, duro; [climate, winter] → duro, severo

4. (= not gentle) [behaviour, person, voice, manner] → brusco; [words, tone] → severo, áspero; [play, sport, game] → violento; [neighbourhood, area] → malo, peligroso
you're too rough → eres demasiado bruto
he's a rough customer → es un tipo peligroso
to get rough [person] → ponerse bruto; [game] → volverse violento
children's toys must be able to withstand a lot of rough handling → los juguetes de niños tienen que ser resistentes porque con frecuencia los tratan sin ningún cuidado
he got rough justice → recibió un castigo duro pero apropiado
rough stuff → violencia f
there were complaints of rough treatment at the hands of the police → hubo quejas de malos tratos a manos de la policía
he came in for some rough treatment in the press → fue objeto de duras críticas por parte de la prensa
to be rough with sb → ser brusco con algn
to be rough with sth → ser brusco con algo

5. (= stormy) [sea] → agitado, encrespado; [wind] → violento; [weather] → tormentoso, tempestuoso
we had a rough crossing → el barco se movió mucho durante la travesía
to get rough [sea] → embravecerse

6. (= unpolished, crude) [person] → tosco, rudo; [manners, speech] → tosco; [shelter, table, tunic] → tosco, basto; [gemstone] → en bruto
he's a rough diamond → es un diamante en bruto

7. (= hard, tough) → duro
things are rough now, but they will get better → las cosas están un poco difíciles ahora pero mejorarán
to be rough on sb [situation] → ser duro para algn; [person] → ser duro con algn
parents' divorce can be really rough on children → el divorcio de los padres puede ser muy duro para los niños
don't be so rough on him, it's not his fault → no seas tan duro con él, no es culpa suya
it's a bit rough on him to have to do all the housework → no es muy justo que él tenga que hacer todo el trabajo de la casa
to give sb a rough ride or a rough time → hacérselo pasar mal a algn
to have a rough time (of it) → pasarlo mal
when the going gets rough → cuando las cosas se ponen feas

8. (Brit) (= ill) "how are you?" - "a bit rough" → -¿cómo estás? -no muy bien
to feel rough → encontrarse mal
to look rough → tener muy mal aspecto or muy mala cara

9. (= approximate) [calculation, estimate, description, outline] → aproximado; [translation] → hecho a grandes rasgos, aproximado
I would say 50 at a rough guess → diría que 50 aproximadamente
as a rough guide, it should take about ten minutes → llevará unos diez minutos más o menos, llevará aproximadamente diez minutos
can you give me a rough idea of how long it will take? → ¿puedes darme una idea aproximada or más o menos una idea de cuánto tiempo llevará?

10. (= preparatory) [work] → de preparación, preliminar
rough book → cuaderno m de borrador
rough copy, rough draft → borrador m
rough paper → papel m de borrador
rough plan, rough sketch → bosquejo m, boceto m

B. ADV
to live rough → vivir sin las comodidades más básicas
to play rough → jugar duro
to sleep rough → dormir a la intemperie
to cut up rough she cut up rough when she discovered what had been going on → se puso hecha una furia cuando descubrió lo que había estado pasando

C. N

1. (= person) → matón m, tipo m duro

2. (= draft) → borrador m
we'll do it in rough first → lo haremos primero en borrador

3. to take the rough with the smooth → tomar las duras con las maduras

4. (Golf) → rough m, zona f de matojos

D. VT to rough it → vivir sin comodidades

E. CPD rough puff pastry N → hojaldre m

rough in VT + ADV [+ shape, figure, outline] → esbozar, bosquejar

rough out VT + ADV [+ plan] → esbozar, bosquejar

rough up VT + ADV

1. [+ hair] → despeinar

2. to rough sb up → dar una paliza a algn

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rough [ˈrʌf]

adj

(= not smooth) [cloth, skin] → rêche; [hands] → rêche; [surface] → rugueux/euse; [terrain, ground] → accidenté(e); [path] → rocailleux/euse
My hands are rough → J'ai les mains rêches.
rough edges [object] → aspérités fpl; [performance, song, piece writing] → côté m mal dégrossi; [person's character] → côté m mal dégrossi

(= harsh) [voice] → rauque, rude

[wine] → râpeux/euse

(= coarse) [person, manner] → rude, fruste

(= violent) [game, sport, person, treatment] → brutal(e)
Rugby's a rough sport → Le rugby est un sport brutal.
to be rough with sb → être brutal avec qn

[district, area, neighbourhood] → mal famé(e)
It's a rough area → C'est un quartier mal famé.

(= stormy) [weather] → mauvais(e); [sea] → agité(e)
The sea is rough today → La mer est agitée aujourd'hui.
The sea was rough → La mer était agitée.

(= approximate) [calculation, plan] → approximatif/ive; [idea, description] → vague before n
I've got a rough idea → J'ai une vague idée.
at a rough guess → à vue de nez
a rough sketch → un schéma
It often helps to make a rough sketch → Cela aide souvent de faire un schéma.
a rough outline of sth → les grande lignes de qch
a rough estimate → une estimation approximative
as a rough guide → à titre indicatif

(= basic) [shelter, table] → rudimentaire

(= difficult) [life] → dur(e); [day] → dur(e) before n
to have a rough time → en voir de dures
to have a rough time of it → en voir de dures
to be rough on sb [situation] → être dur pour qn
It's rough on him → C'est dur pour lui.

(= unfair) → rude
to get a rough deal → ne pas être gâté(e)
to be rough on sb (= unkind, unfair) → être dur(e) avec qn

(British) (= ill) to feel rough → être mal fichu(e) >
to look rough → ne pas avoir l'air bien
She looks rough! Has she been up all night? → Elle n'a pas l'air bien! Elle n'a pas dormi de la nuit?

n

(GOLF) → rough m

(= draft) in rough [draw, write] → au brouillon

vt
to rough it → vivre à la dure

adv

to play rough [children, sportsmen] → jouer avec brutalité

(British) to sleep rough → coucher à la dure
to live rough → vivre à la dure

rough out

vt sep (= draft) → esquisser

rough up

vt sep (= beat up) → malmener

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rough

adj (+er)

(= uneven) ground → uneben; path, road → uneben, holprig; surface, skin, hands, cloth → rau; rough edges (fig) → Ecken und Kanten pl

(= harsh) sound → hart; voice, tone → rau; taste, wine → sauer; words → grob, hart; to have rough luck → schweres Pech haben; to have a rough tongue (fig) → eine scharfe Zunge haben; he got the rough side of her tongue → er bekam (von ihr) den Marsch geblasen

(= coarse, unrefined) person → ungehobelt; manners, speech → grob, roh

(= violent) person, child → grob, roh; treatment, handling → grob, hart; life → wüst; children’s game → wild; match, sport, work → hart; neighbourhood, manners, pub → rau; sea, weather, wind → rau, stürmisch; sea crossing → stürmisch; a rough customer (inf) → ein übler Typ (inf); to be rough with somebody → grob mit jdm umgehen, unsanft mit jdm umspringen (inf); rough play (Sport) → Holzerei f (inf)

(inf: = unpleasant) he had a rough time (of it) → es ging ihm ziemlich dreckig (inf); to be in for a rough time (of it) → harten Zeiten entgegensehen; the examiners gave him a rough time → die Prüfer haben ihn ganz schön rangenommen (inf); to make things rough for somebody → jdm Schwierigkeiten machen; to be rough on somebody → grob mit jdm umspringen; it’s rough on him → das ist hart für ihn; things are rough just now → die Dinge stehen im Moment schlecht; to have a rough ride → es nicht leicht haben; to get a rough ride → Schwierigkeiten bekommen; to give somebody a rough ride → jdm die Hölle heißmachen (inf); he faces a rough ride from the media → die Medien werden es ihm nicht leicht machen; when the going gets rough … → wenn es hart wird, …

(= approximate, rudimentary) plan, calculation, estimate, translation → grob, ungefähr; workmanship → schludrig; rough sketch → Faustskizze f; in its rough state → im Rohzustand; do your rough work on the paper provided → macht euer Konzept auf dem dafür bereitgestellten Papier; at a rough guess → grob geschätzt; to give somebody a rough idea → jdm einen groben Anhaltspunkt geben; to have a rough idea → eine vage Idee or eine ungefähre Ahnung haben

(= basic, crude) shelter → notdürftig; clothes → derb

(inf: = unwell) to feel rough → sich mies fühlen (inf); the engine sounds pretty rough → der Motor hört sich nicht gerade gut an

adv live → wüst; play → wild; to sleep rough → im Freien übernachten

n

→ unwegsames Gelände; (Golf) → Rau nt; rough or smooth? (Sport) → untere oder obere Seite? (des Schlägers, die durch einen roten Faden gekennzeichnet ist; zum Bestimmen, wer anfängt); she likes a bit of rough (Brit inf: sexually) → sie mags gern heftig (sl)

(= unpleasant aspect) to take the rough with the smooth → das Leben nehmen, wie es kommt

(= draft, sketch) → Rohentwurf m; in (the) rough → im Rohzustand; a diamond in the rough → ein Rohdiamant m

(= person) → Rowdy m, → Schläger m

vt to rough it (inf) → primitiv leben

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rough:

rough-and-ready

adj method, equipment, place → provisorisch; work → zusammengehauen (inf), → zusammengepfuscht (inf); person → rau(beinig); measure, interpretation, attitude → grob

rough-and-tumble

n (= play) → Balgerei f; (= fighting) → Keilerei f; after the rough of life in the navy → nach seinem wilden Leben in der Marine

rough book

n (Sch) → Schmierheft nt

roughcast vb: pret, ptp <roughcast>

n → Rauputz m

vt → rau verputzen

rough coat

n (Archit) → Roh- or Rauputz m

rough copy

n → Konzept nt

rough diamond

n (lit) → Rohdiamant m; he’s a rough → er ist rau, aber herzlich

rough draft

n → Rohentwurf m, → grober Entwurf

rough-dry

vt → einfach trocknen

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rough:

rough-hew

vt timber → grob behauen

roughhouse (inf)

n → Schlägerei f

vt → herumstoßen

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rough:

rough notebook

n (Sch) → Schmierheft nt

rough paper

n → Konzeptpapier nt

roughrider

n → Zureiter(in) m(f)

roughshod

adv to ride rough over somebody/something → rücksichtslos über jdn/etw hinweggehen

rough-spoken

adj to be rough → sich ungehobelt ausdrücken

rough stuff

n → Schlägereien pl, → eine Schlägerei

rough trade

n (sl) (ohne feste Bindungsabsicht ausgewählter) homosexueller Geschlechtspartner mit grobem oder gewalttätigem Verhalten

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rough [rʌf]

1. adj (-er (comp) (-est (superl)))

a. (uneven, ground, road, path, edge) → accidentato/a; (not smooth, skin, cloth, surface, hands) → ruvido/a

b. (voice) → rauco/a; (taste, wine) → aspro/a; (coarse, unrefined, person, manners, life) → rozzo/a; (harsh, person, game) → violento/a; (neighbourhood) → poco raccomandabile, malfamato/a; (sea crossing, weather) → brutto/a
the sea is rough today → c'è mare grosso oggi
I don't want any rough stuff! (fam) → niente risse!
a rough customer (fam) → un duro
to have a rough time (of it) → passare un periodaccio
to give sb a rough time (of it) → rendere la vita dura a qn
it's rough on him → che sfortuna per lui
to feel rough (Brit) (fam) → sentirsi male

c. (calculation, figures) → approssimativo/a, approssimato/a; (plan) → sommario/a
rough work, rough draft, rough copy → brutta copia
rough sketch → schizzo
rough estimate → approssimazione f
at a rough guess or estimate → ad occhio e croce
he's a rough diamond → sotto quei modi un po' grezzi si nasconde un cuore d'oro

2. adv to play rough (Sport) → giocare pesante; (children) → fare dei giochi violenti
to sleep rough (Brit) → dormire all'addiaccio
to live rough → vivere in strada

3. n

a. (fam) (person) → duro

b. to take the rough with the smooth → prendere le cose come vengono

c. (Golf) → erba alta, macchia

4. vt to rough it (fam) → far vita dura

rough out vt + adv (draft, plan) → fare un abbozzo di, abbozzare

rough up vt + adv (fam) to rough sb up → malmenare qn

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rough [rʌf]

1. adj (-er (comp) (-est (superl)))

a. (uneven, ground, road, path, edge) → accidentato/a; (not smooth, skin, cloth, surface, hands) → ruvido/a

b. (voice) → rauco/a; (taste, wine) → aspro/a; (coarse, unrefined, person, manners, life) → rozzo/a; (harsh, person, game) → violento/a; (neighbourhood) → poco raccomandabile, malfamato/a; (sea crossing, weather) → brutto/a
the sea is rough today → c'è mare grosso oggi
I don't want any rough stuff! (fam) → niente risse!
a rough customer (fam) → un duro
to have a rough time (of it) → passare un periodaccio
to give sb a rough time (of it) → rendere la vita dura a qn
it's rough on him → che sfortuna per lui
to feel rough (Brit) (fam) → sentirsi male

c. (calculation, figures) → approssimativo/a, approssimato/a; (plan) → sommario/a
rough work, rough draft, rough copy → brutta copia
rough sketch → schizzo
rough estimate → approssimazione f
at a rough guess or estimate → ad occhio e croce
he's a rough diamond → sotto quei modi un po' grezzi si nasconde un cuore d'oro

2. adv to play rough (Sport) → giocare pesante; (children) → fare dei giochi violenti
to sleep rough (Brit) → dormire all'addiaccio
to live rough → vivere in strada

3. n

a. (fam) (person) → duro

b. to take the rough with the smooth → prendere le cose come vengono

c. (Golf) → erba alta, macchia

4. vt to rough it (fam) → far vita dura

rough out vt + adv (draft, plan) → fare un abbozzo di, abbozzare

rough up vt + adv (fam) to rough sb up → malmenare qn

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rough

adj rough [raf]

1 not smooth Her skin felt rough. grof خَشِن груб drsný, hrubý ru rauh τραχύς, άγριος áspero kare ناهموار karkea rugueux, rêche מְחוּספַּס खुरदरा hrapav durva kasar grófur, hrjúfur ruvido 粗い 거칠거칠한 šiurkštus, grubus raupjš kasar ruw ru, knudret, ujevn szorstki áspero aspru шершавый drsný, hrubý hrapav grub grov, skrovlig, sträv ขรุขระ pürüzlü 粗糙的 шершавий; грубий نا ہموار nhám; ráp 粗糙的

2 uneven a rough path. ongelyk غَيْر مُسْتَوٍ неравен zvlněný ujævn uneben ανώμαλος accidentado ebatasane ناهموار epätasainen accidenté מְשוּבַּש तूफानी neravan egyenetlen jalan bergelombang grófur, ójafn accidentato でこぼこの 울퉁불퉁한 nelygus nelīdzens; grambains tidak sekata oneffen ujevn, humpet wyboisty desigual accidentat неровный hrboľatý neraven neravan ojämn, kuperad ไม่เรียบ düzgün olmayan 崎嶇的 вибоїстий بے ترتیب gồ ghề 崎岖的

3 harsh; unpleasant a rough voice; She's had a rough time since her husband died. onaangenaam, harde أجَش، غَليظ суров drsný, nepříjemný hård rauh,hart δύσκολος, ζόρικος duro; brusco karm سخت؛ دشوار epämiellyttävä brusque; rude סוֹעֵר कच्चा težak, surov érdes tidak menyenangkan erfiður; hrjúfur rude; difficile 荒々しい 불쾌한 šiurkštus, nemalonus, sunkus skarbs; grūts serak akelig hard, barsk szorstki, ciężki duro răguşit; greu резкий ťažký, nepríjemný raskav; neprijeten grub sträv, barsk, kärv ยากลำบาก kaba; sert, çetin 粗聲的，辛苦的 грубий کھردرا khó khăn; thô lỗ 粗鲁的，艰难的

4 noisy and violent rough behaviour. rof عَنيف، فَظ، صاخِب шумен hrubý, násilný grov roh απότομος, άξεστος rudo; bruto; violento tahumatu خشن karski violent, brutal גָס कठिनाईभरा osoran, neuglađen nyers kasar ruddalegur sgarbato 荒っぽい 난폭한 grubus rupjš; nepieklājīgs bising, kasar onbehouwen grov, voldelig grubiański brutal violent, brutal шумливый; буйный hrubý surov nasilan ohyfsad, råbarkad, våldsam เอะอะโวยวาย kaba, sert, gürültücü 粗野的 неввічливий; неделікатний تیز و تند lỗ mãng 粗鲁刺耳的

5 stormy The sea was rough; rough weather. onstuimig عاصِف бурен bouřlivý stormende rauh ταραγμένος, άγριος turbulento; embravecido tormine نا آرام؛ متلاطم myrskyinen houleux, mauvais סוֹעֵר रूखा uzburkan viharos berbadai úfinn; rysjóttur tempestoso 荒天の 폭풍우의 audringas, žvarbus vētrains ribut ruw stormfull, grov burzliwy tempestuoso agitat; urât бурный; суровый búrlivý razburkan olujan gropig, stormig, hård มีพายุรุนแรง fırtınalı, sert 狂暴的 бурхливий طوفانی dữ dội; (thời tiết) xấu 狂暴的

6 not complete or exact; approximate a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate. skatting تَقْريبي приблизителен hrubý, přibližný skitseret; løselig; grov roh πρόχειρος, χονδρικός, κατά προσέγγιση aproximativo, esbozado kohmakas کارهای ناتمام karkea ébauché, approximatif לא מְלוּטָש अशान्त grub (skica, nacrt) hozzávetőleges, durva kasaran grófur, ómótaður approssimativo 大ざっぱな 대강의 neužbaigtas, nesubrandintas, apytikris uzmetuma-; aptuvens tidak secara menyeluruh schetsmatig røff, grov przybliżony aproximado aproxima­tiv; sub formă de ciornă черновой; приблизительный hrubý, približný grob grub rå, grov, ungefärlig คร่าว ๆ yaklaşık 約略的 чорновий; приблизний نا مکمل gần đúng 粗略的

n

1 a violent bully a gang of roughs. afknouer مُعَربِد عَنيف хулиган násilník bølle der Schläger τραμπούκος, μάγκας bruto, gamberro pätt گردن کلفت؛ آدم خشن raakalainen voyou בִּריוֹן गुण्डा बदमाश razbijač huligán berandal ruddi, hrotti teppista 乱暴者 불량배 chuliganas huligāns ganas ruwe kerel bølle, ramp chuligan bruto huligan хулиган násilník surovina nasilnik buse, ligist อันธพาล kabadayı, külhanbeyi 暴徒 грубіян; хуліган ناشاءستہ گروہ thằng du côn 暴徒

2 uneven or uncultivated ground on a golf course I lost my ball in the rough. ruigte أرْض مَلْعَب الغولف الخَشِنَه غَيْر المقصوصَه неравна част на голф игрище porost udenfor fairway'en unebener Boden ανώμαλη περιοχή γηπέδου γκολφ rough konarus بخ شچمن زنی نشده rough rough שֶׁטָח לא יַשָר ऊबड़-खाबड़ जमीन divljina hepehupás terep tanah kasar röff, kargi (terreno accidentato) ラフ (골프) 러프 nelygi aikštelė nelīdzens laukums kawasan tidak rata rough utenfor fairwayen, rough dzika część pola golfowego mato teren accidentat бурьян porast zunaj igrišča živica ruff พงหญ้าในสนามกอล์ฟ kaba alan 高爾夫球場的起伏地面 нерівне поле ناہموار زمین nơi đất gồ ghề 高尔夫球场上的障碍区

adv roughly

rof بِخُشونَه، بصورةٍ تَقْريبيَّه грубо hrubě råt; groft; cirka; i grove træk rauh άγρια, πρόχειρα, κατά προσέγγιση ásperamente; rudamente; duramente karedalt, ligikaudu تقریبا؛ با خشونت karkeasti brutalement בְּעֶרֶך लगभग, असावधानी से, अशिष्टता से grubo, približno nagyjából, durván, hozzávetőlegesen secara kasar gróflega approssimativamente; rudemente 荒っぽく 거칠게; 대충 šiurkščiai, grubiai skarbi; rupji; aptuveni secara kasar ruw grovt, hardhendt; cirka, omtrent brutalnie, z grubsza asperamente brutal; grosolan грубо; приблизительно hrubo surovo, približno grubo grovt [], rått, ojämnt อย่างคร่าว ๆ kabaca 粗糙地 грубо ناشاءستہ طریقے سے ráp; dữ dội; thô lỗ 粗糙地

n roughness

rofheid خُشونَه грубост hrubost ruhed die Rauheit τραχύτητα aspereza; rudeza karedus, ligikaudsus زبری؛ خشونت karkeus rudesse גָסוּת खुरदरापन hrapavost, grubost durvaság, egyenetlenség, ridegség kekasaran grófleiki rudezza; asprezza 荒っぽさ 거칠음, 울퉁불퉁함 šiurkštumas, grubumas skarbums; rupjība kekasaran ruwheid ruhet, grovhet; stormfullt vær szorstkość aspereza asprime; grosolănie; apro­xi­­mare шероховатость; резкость; грубость; суровость hrubosť grobost grubost grovhet, råhet, ojämnhet ความไม่เรียบ kabalık 粗糙度 грубість ناشاءستگی sự ráp; dữ dội; thô lỗ 粗糙度

n roughage [-fidʒ]

substances in food, eg bran or fibre, which help digestion. ruvoedsel النُّخالَه تُؤْكَلُ لِتَسْهيل الهَضْم груба храна vláknina fiberrig kost unverdauliche Nährstoffe(pl.) ινώδης τροφή alimentos ricos en fibra kiudaine مواد خوراکی زبر kuitu aliments de lest סוּבִּין मोटा चारा, रूक्षांश vlaknasta hrana (krma) rostanyag makanan berserat grófmeti fibra 繊維質食品 섬유질 식품 rupios maisto medžiagos rupja barība serat ruwe vezels fiber niestrawne części pożywienia fibra sub­stanţe care stimulează digestia грубая пища nestráviteľné látky balastne snovi vlaknasta hrana kostfibrer วัตถุหยาบ selülozlu besin 食物中粗糠、纖維等助消化的物質 груба їжа خراب یا بھدہ مادہ chất xơ 粗饲料，粗粮

v roughen

to make or become rough The sea roughened as the wind rose. rofmaak يُخَشِّن، يَجْعَل السَّطْح خَشِنا загрубявам zhrubnout; rozbouřit se blive rå rauh werden αγριεύω embravecerse karmistama, karmistuma ناهموار شدن یا کردن karhentaa devenir rude/houleux לְחַספֵּס गंदा करना, खुरदरा बनाना ohrapaviti se, uzburkati (se) viharossá válik berombak besar ÿfa(st) agitarsi; irruvidire 荒れる 거칠게 하다 pa(si)šiaušti padarīt nelīdzenu; kļūt nelīdzenam menjadi ganas ruw maken, ruw worden gjøre ru; gå høy, piskes opp wzburzyć się tornar(-se) violento a se înăspri; a deveni furios становиться бурным rozbúriť sa postati razburkan ogrubeti göra (bli) stormigare (hårdare) ทำให้หยาบ pürüzlen(dir)mek (使)變粗糙 грубіти کھردرا ہونا یا کرنا dữ dội 使...变粗糙

rough diamond

a person of fine character but rough manners. ruwe diamant الماسَةُ الخَشِنَه: شَخْص طيِّب لكنه خَشِن التَّصَرُّفات необработен диамант člověk s dobrým jádrem pod drsnou slupkou bamse ein Mensch mit gutem Kern und rauher Schale ακατέργαστο διαμάντι diamante en bruto lihvimata teemant شخص خوب ولی از کار درنیامده hiomaton timantti personne aimable sous des dehors frustes יָהֲלוֹם גוֹלמִי neuglađen kemény de gerinces személy orang kasar hrjúfur en ágætur inn við beinið (un burbero benefico) 荒削りの人 아직 갈지 않은 다이아몬드 gero būdo, bet šiurkštus žmogus krietns, bet neaudzināts/neizglītots cilvēks berperwatakan kasar tetapi baik hati ruwe bolster udannet person med et hjerte av gull nie oszlifowany brylant pessoa boa mas rude brânză bună în burduf de câine неотшлифованный алмаз nebrúsený diamant nebrušen diamant nebrušen dijamant oslipad diamant คนที่ดูดีแต่มารยาททราม dürüst fakat kaba kimse 舉止粗魯但本質好的人 неогранований алмаз ایسا شخص جو مغرور اور نامہذب نظر آتا ہو لیکن حقیقتاً بہت مہربان اور رحمدل ہو người thô kệch nhưng trung thực và tốt bụng 举止粗鲁但本质好的人

adj rough-and-ˈready

1 not carefully made or finished, but good enough a rough-and-ready meal. goed genoeg غَيْر مَصقول ولكنَّه مَقْبول бърз narychlo udělaný nogenlunde Behelfs-... πρόχειρος improvisado; rudimentario käib küll سر دستی nopeasti kasaan kyhätty de fortune מספִּיק טוֹב काम चलाऊ za nuždu, improviziran elnagyolt cukup memadai frumstæður en nothæfur rimediato 間に合わせの 급조한 paskubomis parengtas uz ātru roku pagatavots baik walaupun tidak dibuat secara teliti ge{#225}{#139}{#225}mproviseerd primitiv men effektiv; greit nok niewyszukany, ale znośny improvisado încropit la repezeală сделанный на скорую руку narýchlo urobený na hitro zmašen zadovoljavajući enkel, utan krumbukter สะดวกและเตรียมรวดเร็วแต่ไม่ดีเท่าไหร่ kaba fakat iş görür 粗製但品質不錯的 зроблений на скору руку گزارے کے لاءق qua loa đại khái nhưng được việc 粗糙但尚能使用的

2 (of people) friendly enough but without politeness etc. vriendelik maar ongemanierd وُدّي لكنهُ غَيْر مُهَذَّب приятелски bez servítků jævn og ligetil rauh aber zuverlässig ανεπιτήδευτος, αυθόρμητος campechano; tosco tahumatu آدم زبرو زرنگ kursailematon sans façon לא מְלוּטָש कच्चा, मामूली neuglađen mesterkéletlen (ember) kasar tetapi baik vinsamlegur en óheflaður brusco, sbrigativo 粗野な 거칠지만 유능한 šiurkštokas, paprastas vienkāršs; prasts peramah tetapi tidak sopan ongegeneerd udannet men grei prosty sem cerimónia nepoliticos, dar prietenos бесцеремонный (človek) drsný zagoveden prijateljski rättfram, otvungen เป็นมิตรดีแต่ไม่สุภาพเรียบร้อย candan fakat kaba 粗魯但友善的(人) грубуватий دوستانہ مگر ناشاءستہ برتاو والے لوگ tốt bụng nhưng thô lỗ 鲁莽但尚顶用的人

n rough-and-ˈtumble

friendly fighting between children etc. worsteling غَيْر مُتَقَيِّد بِنِظام أو قانون детско боричкане pranice tummel die Balgerei φιλική συμπλοκή pelea en broma, riña sin importancia nagistamine کتک کاری؛ جست و خیز leikkimielinen tappelu bagarre הִתקוֹטֶטוּת उल्टा-पुल्टा prijateljsko (hrvanje) általános verekedés gelut-gelutan áflog zuffa 乱闘 뒤죽박죽인 peštynės kautiņš; cīkstēšanās pergaduhan mesra stoeipartij basing, knuffing baraszkowanie briga amigável încăierare свалка bitka, ruvačka mikastenje dečija svađa nappatag ยุ่งวุ่นวาย itişerek oynama 打打鬧鬧的 колотнеча بچوں کے درمیان دوستانہ لڑاءی cuộc ẩu đả 乱糟糟的

rough it

to live for a period of time without the comforts or conveniences of modern life They roughed it in the jungles for two months. buite slaap يَعيشُ حياةً قاسِيَه понасям несгоди žít primitivně leve primitivt in der Wildness ziehen ζω σκληρά ή πρωτόγονα vivir sin comodidades ebamugavustes elama بدون وسایل رفاهی زندگی کردن tinkiä mukavuudesta vivre à la dure לְהִסתַפֵּק בְּמוּעָט कष्ट उठाना, उलटना, चिढ़ाना, मोटे तौर पर तैयार करना, सधाना, नाल में कीले लगा देना živjeti bez udobnosti primitív körülmények között él tinggal untuk sementara (vivere senza comodità), (arrangiarsi alla meglio) 不便な生活をする 원시적인 생활을 하다 pagyventi be patogumų dzīvot bez ērtībām hidup tanpa peralatan moden zich ontberingen getroosten; zich er doorheen slaan leve primitivt żyć w prymitywnych warunkach/bez wygód обходиться без привычных средств žiť veľmi primitívne imeti trdo življenje živeti u lošim uslovima leva primitivt, utstå strapatser ใช้ชีวิตง่าย ๆ ilkel koşullarda yaşamak 簡陋過活 перебиватися مشکلات سے نباہ کرنا sống thiếu thốn đủ thứ 将就着过日子，因陋就简地生活

rough out

to draw or explain roughly I roughed out a diagram; He roughed out his plan. optrek, verduidelik يَشْرَحُ أو يُفَسِّرُ بصورَةٍ عامَّه обяснявам načrtnout skitsere entwerfen σκιαγραφώ, εξηγώ αδρομερώς esbozar visandama طرح کردن با رسم کردن با بی دقتی hahmotella ébaucher לְסַרטֵט בְּקָווִים כְּלָלִים कच्चा चित्र बनाना u grubo nacrtati, skicirati kinagyol menggambarkan secara kasar útskÿra/teikna í grófum dráttum tracciare 概略を言う 개괄적인 계획을 세우다 apmesti uzmest; īsi paskaidrot mengulas secara kasar schetsen lage en grov skisse, forklare i grove trekk naszkicować esboçar a schiţa; a explica în mare набросать načrtnúť skicirati dati u grubim crtama skissera [], göra utkast till วางแผนหยาบ ๆ kabataslak yapmak 約略畫出或解說 креслити начорно تخمینہ تیار کرنا phác thảo sơ qua 粗粗画出

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rough → خشن hrubý grov uneben τραχύς áspero karkea rugueux grub grossolano 粗い 거친 ruw ru szorstki áspero грубый grov หยาบ kaba ráp 粗糙的