roughly

rough  (rf)

adj. rough·er, rough·est

1. Having a surface marked by irregularities, protuberances, or ridges; not smooth.

2. Coarse or shaggy to the touch: a rough scratchy blanket.

3.

a. Difficult to travel over or through: the rough terrain of the highlands.

b. Characterized by violent motion; turbulent: rough waters.

c. Difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather: a rough winter.

d. Unpleasant or difficult: had a rough time during the exam.

4.

a. Boisterous, unruly, uncouth, or rowdy: ran with a rough crowd.

b. Lacking polish or finesse: rough manners.

5. Characterized by carelessness or force, as in manipulating: broke the crystal through rough handling.

6. Harsh to the ear: a rough raspy sound.

7. Being in a natural state: rough diamonds.

8. Not perfected, completed, or fully detailed: a rough drawing; rough carpentry.

n.

1.

a. Rugged overgrown terrain.

b. Sports The part of a golf course left unmowed and uncultivated.

2. The difficult or disagreeable aspect, part, or side: observed politics in the rough when working as an intern on Capitol Hill.

3. Something in an unfinished or hastily worked-out state.

4. A crude unmannered person; a rowdy.

tr.v. roughed, rough·ing, roughs

1.

a. To treat roughly or with physical violence: roughed up his opponent.

b. Sports To treat (an opposing player) with unnecessary roughness, often in violation of the rules: was ejected from the game for roughing the passer.

2. To prepare or indicate in an unfinished form: rough out a house plan.

adv.

In a rough manner; roughly: The engine began to run rough and faltered.

Idiom:

rough it

To live without the usual comforts and conveniences: roughed it in a small hunting shack.

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[Middle English, from Old English rh.]

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rougher n.

roughly adv.

roughness n.

Synonyms: rough, harsh, jagged, rugged, scabrous, uneven
These adjectives apply to what is not smooth but has a coarse, irregular surface. Rough describes something that to the sight or touch has inequalities, as projections or ridges: rough bark; rough, chapped hands.
Something harsh is unpleasantly rough, discordant, or grating: harsh burlap; a harsh voice.
Jagged refers to an edge or surface with irregular projections and indentations: a jagged piece of glass.
Rugged can apply to land surfaces characterized by irregular, often steep rises and slopes: rugged countryside.
Scabrous means rough and scaly to the touch: granular, scabrous skin.
Uneven describes lines or surfaces of which some parts are not level with others: uneven ground; uneven handwriting. See Also Synonyms at rude.

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roughly [ˈrʌflɪ]

adv

1. without being exact or fully authenticated; approximately roughly half the candidates were successful

2. in a clumsy, coarse, or violent manner his captors did not treat him roughly

3. in a crude or primitive manner a slab of roughly hewn stone

Thesaurus

Adv.	1.	roughly - (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; "lasted approximately an hour"; "in just about a minute"; "he's about 30 years old"; "I've had about all I can stand"; "we meet about once a month"; "some forty people came"; "weighs around a hundred pounds"; "roughly $3,000"; "holds 3 gallons, more or less"; "20 or so people were at the party" close to, just about, more or less, or so, some, about, approximately, around
	2.	roughly - with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly'); "he was pushed roughly aside"; "they treated him rough" rough colloquialism - a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech
	3.	roughly - with rough motion as over a rough surface; "ride rough" rough

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roughly

adverb

1. forcefully, abruptly, violently, aggressively, forcibly A hand roughly pushed him aside.

2. approximately, about, around, close to, just about, more or less, in the region of, circa (used with dates), in the vicinity of, not far off, in the neighbourhood of a period of roughly 30 million years

Translations

roughly [ˈrʌflɪ] ADV

1. (= approximately) [equal] → aproximadamente, más o menos
he was roughly the same age/height as me → tenía aproximadamente or más o menos la misma edad/altura que yo
roughly similar → más o menos parecido
roughly translated → traducido a grandes rasgos or de forma aproximada

2. (= generally) [describe, outline] → en líneas generales, más o menos
they fall roughly into two categories → en términos generales se dividen en dos categorías
roughly speaking, it means an increase of 10% → en líneas generales, supone un incremento del 10%
roughly speaking, it acts as a transformer → viene a actuar más o menos como un transformador
roughly speaking, his job is that of an administrator → su trabajo es, por así decirlo, de administrador

3. (= not gently) [push] → bruscamente; [play] → de forma violenta; [speak, order] → con brusquedad
to treat sth/sb roughly → tratar mal algo/tratar a algn con brusquedad

4. (= crudely) [constructed, built, carved] → toscamente
to sketch sth roughly → hacer un bosquejo de algo

5. (Culin) [chop] → en trozos grandes; [slice] → en rodajas grandes

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roughly [ˈrʌfli] adv

(= approximately) → à peu près
It weighs roughly 20 kilos → Ça pèse à peu près vingt kilos.
roughly speaking → en gros

(= violently) [handle, push, pull] → brutalement

(= harshly) [speak, answer] → durement

(= crudely) [make, cut, chop] → grossièrement

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roughly

adv

(= not gently) → grob, roh; play → rau; speak → grob; answer, order → grob, hart

(= crudely) make, sew, sketch, chop, slice → grob

(= approximately) → ungefähr; roughly (speaking) → grob gesagt; roughly half → ungefähr die Hälfte; roughly equal → ungefähr gleich; roughly the same → ungefähr dasselbe; roughly similar → in etwa ähnlich; to be roughly similar to something → eine grobe Ähnlichkeit mit etw besitzen; roughly comparable → grob vergleichbar; roughly translated → grob übersetzt

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roughly [ˈrʌflɪ] adv

a. (not gently, YYY, push, handle) → brutalmente; (speak, order) → bruscamente
to treat sb/sth roughly → maltrattare qn/qc

b. (not finely, YYY, make, sew) → grossolanamente
to chop roughly → tagliare a pezzi grossi
to sketch sth roughly → fare uno schizzo di qc

c. (approximately) → grosso modo, approssimativamente, pressappoco
roughly speaking → grosso modo, ad occhio e croce
there were roughly 50 people → c'erano pressappoco 50 persone

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roughly → بقسوة zhruba hårdhændet ungefähr χοντρικά aproximadamente karkeasti approximativement grubo pressappoco およそ 대략 ruwweg omtrent z grubsza bruscamente грубо ungefär อย่างหยาบ kabaca đại thể 概略地