shall (sh l)aux.v. past tense should (sh  d) 1. Used before a verb in the infinitive to show: a. Something that will take place or exist in the future: We shall arrive tomorrow. b. Something, such as an order, promise, requirement, or obligation: You shall leave now. He shall answer for his misdeeds. The penalty shall not exceed two years in prison. c. The will to do something or have something take place: I shall go out if I feel like it. d. Something that is inevitable: That day shall come. 2. Archaic a. To be able to. b. To have to; must. [Middle English schal, from Old English sceal; see skel-2 in Indo-European roots.] Usage Note: The traditional rules for using shall and will prescribe a highly complicated pattern of use in which the meanings of the forms change according to the person of the subject. In the first person, shall is used to indicate simple futurity: I shall (not will) have to buy another ticket. In the second and third persons, the same sense of futurity is expressed by will: The comet will (not shall) return in 87 years. You will (not shall) probably encounter some heavy seas when you round the point. The use of will in the first person and of shall in the second and third may express determination, promise, obligation, or permission, depending on the context. Thus I will leave tomorrow indicates that the speaker is determined to leave; You and she shall leave tomorrow is likely to be interpreted as a command. The sentence You shall have your money expresses a promise ("I will see that you get your money"), whereas You will have your money makes a simple prediction. · Such, at least, are the traditional rules. The English and some traditionalists about usage are probably the only people who follow these rules, and then not with perfect consistency. In America, people who try to adhere to them run the risk of sounding pretentious or haughty. Americans normally use will to express most of the senses reserved for shall in English usage. Americans use shall chiefly in first person invitations and questions that request an opinion or agreement, such as Shall we go? and in certain fixed expressions, such as We shall overcome. In formal style, Americans use shall to express an explicit obligation, as in Applicants shall provide a proof of residence, though this sense is also expressed by must or should. In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice of shall or will may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in I will leave tomorrow ("I intend to leave"); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must or have to; or by using an adverb such as certainly. · In addition to its sense of obligation, shall also can convey high moral seriousness that derives in part from its extensive use in the King James Bible, as in "Righteousness shall go before him and shall set us in the way of his steps" (Ps 85:13) and "He that shall humble himself shall be exalted" (Mt 23:12). The prophetic overtones that shall bears with it have no doubt led to its use in some of the loftiest rhetoric in English. This may be why Lincoln chose to use it instead of will in the Gettysburg Address:"government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth." See Usage Note at should. |
shall [ʃæl (unstressed) ʃəl]
vb past should (takes an infinitive without to or an implied infinitive)
1. (esp with I or we as subject) used as an auxiliary to make the future tense we shall see you tomorrow Compare will1 [1]
2. (with you, he, she, it, they, or a noun as subject)
a. used as an auxiliary to indicate determination on the part of the speaker, as in issuing a threat you shall pay for this!
b. used as an auxiliary to indicate compulsion, now esp in official documents the Tenant shall return the keys to the Landlord
c. used as an auxiliary to indicate certainty or inevitability our day shall come
3. (with any noun or pronoun as subject, esp in conditional clauses or clauses expressing doubt) used as an auxiliary to indicate nonspecific futurity I don't think I shall ever see her again he doubts whether he shall be in tomorrow
[Old English sceal; related to Old Norse skal, Old High German scal, Dutch zal]
Usage: The usual rule given for the use of shall and will is that where the meaning is one of simple futurity, shall is used for the first person of the verb and will for the second and third: I shall go tomorrow; they will be there now. Where the meaning involves command, obligation, or determination, the positions are reversed: it shall be done; I will definitely go. However, shall has come to be largely neglected in favour of will, which has become the commonest form of the future in all three persons
Translations
shall [ʃæl] AUX VB
1. (used to form 1st person in future tense and questions) I shall go → yo iré
no I shall not (come); no I shan't (come) → no, yo no(vendré or voy a venir)
shall I go now? → ¿me voy ahora?
let's go in, shall we? → ¿entramos?
shall we let him? → ¿se lo permitimos?
shall we hear from you soon? → ¿te pondrás en contacto pronto?
no I shall not (come); no I shan't (come) → no, yo no(vendré or voy a venir)
shall I go now? → ¿me voy ahora?
let's go in, shall we? → ¿entramos?
shall we let him? → ¿se lo permitimos?
shall we hear from you soon? → ¿te pondrás en contacto pronto?
shall [ˈʃæl](STRONG) [ʃəl] aux vb
(in future tense)
I shall know more next month → J'en saurai plus le mois prochain.
We shall be landing in Paris in fifteen minutes → Nous atterrirons à Paris dans quinze minutes.
I shan't be long → Je n'en ai pas pour longtemps.
I shall miss him terribly → Il va beaucoup me manquer.
we shall see → on verra, nous verrons
I shall know more next month → J'en saurai plus le mois prochain.
We shall be landing in Paris in fifteen minutes → Nous atterrirons à Paris dans quinze minutes.
I shan't be long → Je n'en ai pas pour longtemps.
I shall miss him terribly → Il va beaucoup me manquer.
we shall see → on verra, nous verrons
shall pret <should>
modal aux vb
(future) I/we shall or I’ll/we’ll go to France this year → ich werde/wir werden dieses Jahr nach Frankreich fahren, ich fahre/wir fahren dieses Jahr nach Frankreich; shall do (inf) → wird gemacht (inf); no, I shall not or I shan’t → nein, das werde ich nicht tun or das tue ich nicht; yes, I shall → jawohl, das werde ich tun or das tue ich!
(determination, obligation) you shall pay for this! → dafür sollst or wirst du büßen!; but I say you shall do it! → aber ich sage dir, du wirst das machen!; the directors shall not be disturbed (form) → die Direktoren dürfen nicht gestört werden; the court shall rise → das Gericht muss sich erheben; (command) → erheben Sie sich!; thou shalt not kill (Bibl) → du sollst nicht töten; the manufacturer shall deliver … (in contracts etc) → der Hersteller liefert …; I want to go too — and so you shall → ich will auch mitkommen — aber gewiss doch or (in fairy stories) → es sei!
shall [ʃæl] aux vb
shall [ʃæl] aux vb
a. (used to form 1st person in future tense and questions) I shall or I'll go tomorrow → ci andrò domani, ci vado domani
shall I open the door or will you? → devo aprire io la porta o lo fai tu?
shall we hear from you soon? → ci mandera presto sue notizie?
I'll get some, shall I? → ne prendo un po', che ne dici?
let's go out, shall we? → usciamo, vuoi?
shall I open the door or will you? → devo aprire io la porta o lo fai tu?
shall we hear from you soon? → ci mandera presto sue notizie?
I'll get some, shall I? → ne prendo un po', che ne dici?
let's go out, shall we? → usciamo, vuoi?
b. (in commands, promises, emphatic) you shall pay for this! → questa la pagherai!
it shall be done → sarà fatto
but I wanted to see him - and so you shall → ma volevo vederlo! - lo vedrai!
it shall be done → sarà fatto
but I wanted to see him - and so you shall → ma volevo vederlo! - lo vedrai!
shall [ʃæl] aux vb
a. (used to form 1st person in future tense and questions) I shall or I'll go tomorrow → ci andrò domani, ci vado domani
shall I open the door or will you? → devo aprire io la porta o lo fai tu?
shall we hear from you soon? → ci mandera presto sue notizie?
I'll get some, shall I? → ne prendo un po', che ne dici?
let's go out, shall we? → usciamo, vuoi?
shall I open the door or will you? → devo aprire io la porta o lo fai tu?
shall we hear from you soon? → ci mandera presto sue notizie?
I'll get some, shall I? → ne prendo un po', che ne dici?
let's go out, shall we? → usciamo, vuoi?
v shall [ʃəl, ʃӕl]
1 used to form future tenses of other verbs when the subject is I or we We shall be leaving tomorrow; I shall have arrived by this time tomorrow. sal سَوف: تُسْتَعْمَل مع ضَمير المُتَكَلِّم والمتكَلِّمين ще (спомагателен глагол) (budoucí čas), budu, budeme skal; vil ich werde,wir werden θα (για το σχηματισμό του μέλλοντα) (se usa para formar el futuro) (tulevikku väljendav abiverb) بيان زمان آينده؛خواهي -rai, -rons צוּרַת עָתִיד गा, गे, गी ću, ćemo (futur) akan skal, ætlar (ausiliare per la formazione del futuro) ～でしょう (주어가 1인칭 경우 단순미래, ~) 할 것이다 (palīgdarbības vārds nākotnes veidošanai) akan zullen skal, komme til å vou/vamos voi, vom вспомогательный глагол, служит для образования будущего времени в 1 л. ед. и мн. ч. (budúci čas) ću skall, kommer att, el. oöversatt: vi åker i morgon จะ(คำกริยาช่วยแสดงถึงอนาคต) (Not: geleck zamanda öznenin 1.ci tekil ve çoğul hali yardımcı fiil çekimi) ben/biz...-er(im/iz), ...-eceği(m/z) (用於第一人稱)將要 вживається для утворення майбутнього часу в 1-й особі однини і множини فعل کے ساتھ مستقبل کے معنی ادا کرنے میں استعمال کیا جاتا ہے chỉ các dự đoán trong tương lai （用于第一人称）将要
2 used to show the speaker's intention I shan't be late tonight. sal تُسْتَعَمَل لِتُبَيِّن نِيَّة المُتَكَلِّم да/няма да (úmysl) skal; vil Bezeichnung einer Absicht σκοπεύω να (se usa para expresar la intención del hablante) (rõhutab kõneleja kavatsust) بايد؛خواستن avoir l'intention de הַבָּעַת רָצוֹן, כַּווַנָה प्रतिज्ञा अथवा दृढ़ इच्छा प्रकट करने में ću, ćemo akan mun (avere l'intenzione) ～つもりである (화자의 의도, ~) 할 것이다 (izsaka apņemšanos) tidak akan zullen skal nok vou/vamos a avea intenţia de модальный глагол, выражает намерение (úmysel) ću skall, kommer att, el. oöversatt: jag blir inte sen อยากจะ (Not: konuşmacının niyetini belirtir) ...-ecek (表示說話者的意向)應該 модальне дієслово, що передає намір متکلم کے ارادے بتاتا ہے chỉ sự ý chí, chỉ sự quyết tâm （表示说话者的意向）应该、必须等
3 used in questions, the answer to which requires a decision Shall I tell him, or shan't I?; Shall we go now? sal, moet تُسْتَعْمَل في السُّؤال الذي يَكون في جَوابِه قَرار Ще 9за въпроси) mám(e), nemám(e) skal sollen να...(σε ερώτηση) debería/s/mos... (küsilauses otsuse tegemist eeldav abiverb) ميل داريد كه؟؛ اجازه مي دهيد كه؟ oui ou non? מִילַת שׁאֵלָה सवाल के रूप में जिसके जवाब में फैसला जताने की जरूरत हो hoću li, hoćemo li akan á (ausiliare usato in frasi interrogative) しましょうか (결정의 답변을 묻는 의문문에서, ~)을 할까요 (lieto jautājumos par vēlamību vai nepieciešamību) patut; boleh zullen skal mieć (coś zrobić) digo/vamos? модальный глагол, используется в вопросительных предложениях mám(e), nemám(e) da li skall ควรจะ (用於問句中)好嗎？要不要... вживається в питальних реченнях علامت استفہام کے طور پر استعمال ہوتا ہے đề nghị, gợi ý （用于问句中）表示好吗？要不要...？
4 used as a form of command You shall go if I say you must. sal تُسْتَعْمَل على شَكل طَلَب ще (заповед) musíš, musíme skal müssen θα, πρέπει να (για διαταγή) tener que, deber (rõhutab käsku) توانستن؛قادر بودن täytyy avoir l'obligation de הַבָּעַת צִיווּי हुक्म के रूप में morati nešto učiniti (npr. ići ćeš) harus skal, verður dovere ～しなさい (명령문, ~)을 해야 한다 (izsaka pavēli, nepiekāpību) mesti zullen skal, må (bare) musieć, mieć (coś zrobić) hás de (ir) a avea obligaţia de модальный глагол, выражает приказание во 2 и 3 л. ед. и мн. ч. musíš, musíme ćeš skall จะต้อง (Not: emir kipi gibi kullanılabilir) ...-eceksin(iz), ...-melisin(iz) (用於命令)必須 модальне дієслово, що передає наказ حکم دینے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے chỉ mệnh lệnh hoặc lời hướng dẫn （用于命令）应该
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