read (redirected from taking as read)

read  (rd)

v. read (rd), read·ing, reads

v.tr.

1. To examine and grasp the meaning of (written or printed characters, words, or sentences).

2. To utter or render aloud (written or printed material): read poems to the students.

3. To have the ability to examine and grasp the meaning of (written or printed material in a given language or notation): reads Chinese; reads music.

4.

a. To examine and grasp the meaning of (language in a form other than written or printed characters, words, or sentences): reading Braille; reading sign language.

b. To examine and grasp the meaning of (a graphic representation): reading a map.

5.

a. To discern and interpret the nature or significance of through close examination or sensitive observation: The tracker read the trail for signs of game.

b. To discern or anticipate through examination or observation; descry: "I can read abandonment in a broken door or shattered window" William H. Gass.

6. To determine the intent or mood of: can read your mind like a book; a hard person to read.

7.

a. To attribute a certain interpretation or meaning to: read her words differently than I did.

b. To consider (something written or printed) as having a particular meaning or significance: read the novel as a parable.

8. To foretell or predict (the future).

9. To receive or comprehend (a radio message, for example): I read you loud and clear.

10. To study or make a study of: read history as an undergraduate.

11. To learn or get knowledge of from something written or printed: read that interest rates would continue to rise.

12. To proofread.

13. To have or use as a preferred reading in a particular passage: For change read charge.

14. To indicate, register, or show: The dial reads 32°.

15. Computer Science To obtain (data) from a storage medium, such as a magnetic disk.

16. Genetics To decode or translate a sequence of messenger RNA into an amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain.

v.intr.

1. To examine and grasp the meaning of printed or written characters, as of words or music.

2. To speak aloud the words that one is reading: read to the children every night.

3. To learn by reading: read about the storm in the paper today.

4. To study.

5. To have a particular wording: Recite the poem exactly as it reads.

6. To contain a specific meaning: As the law reads, the defendant is guilty.

7. To indicate, register, or show a measurement or figure: How does your new watch read?

8. To have a specified character or quality for the reader: Your poems read well.

n. Informal

Something that is read: "The book is a page-turner as well as a very satisfying read" Frank Conroy.

adj. (rd)

Informed by reading; learned: only sparsely read in fields outside my profession.

Phrasal Verbs:

read out

To read aloud: Please read out the names on the list.

read up

To study or learn by reading: Read up on the places you plan to visit before you travel.

Idioms:

read a lecture/lesson

To issue a reprimand: My parents read me a lecture because I had neglected my chores.

read between the lines

To perceive or detect an obscure or unexpressed meaning: learned to read between the lines of corporate annual reports to discern areas of fiscal weakness.

read out of

To expel by proclamation from a social, political, or other group: was read out of the secretariat after the embarrassing incident.

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[Middle English reden, from Old English rdan, to advise; see ar- in Indo-European roots.]

Word History: English is the one of the few western European languages that does not derive its verb for "to read" from Latin legere. Compare, for example, leggere in Italian, lire in French, and lesen in German. (Equally surprising is the fact that English is the only western European language not to derive its verb for "to write" from Latin scrbere.) Read comes from the Old English verb rdan, "to advise, interpret (something difficult), interpret (something written), read." Rdan is related to the German verb raten, "to advise" (as in Rathaus, "townhall"). The Old English noun rd, "counsel," survives in the rare noun rede, "counsel, advice" and in the name of the unfortunate King Ethelred the Unready, whose epithet is often misunderstood. Unready here does not have its current sense "unprepared"; it is a late 16th-century spelling of an earlier unredy, "ill advised, rash, foolish," from rede.

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read

Verb

[reading, read]

1. to look at and understand or take in (written or printed matter)

2. to look at and say aloud

3. to have a certain wording: the memorandum read as follows

4. to interpret in a specified way: it can be read as satire

5. to interpret the significance or meaning of: an astrologer who reads Tarot

6. to register or show: the meter reads 100

7. to make out the true nature or mood of: she had read his thoughts

8. to interpret (signs, characters, etc.) other than by visual means: to read Braille

9. to have sufficient knowledge of (a language) to understand the written word

10. to undertake a course of study in (a subject): to read economics

11. to gain knowledge by reading: he read about the war

12. to hear and understand, esp. when using a two-way radio: we are reading you loud and clear

13. Computers to obtain (data) from a storage device, such as magnetic tape

Noun

1. matter suitable for reading: this book is a very good read

2. a spell of reading

See also read into, read out, etc. [Old English rǣdan to advise, explain]

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	read - something that is read; "the article was a very good read" publication - a copy of a printed work offered for distribution
Verb	1.	read - interpret something that is written or printed; "read the advertisement"; "Have you read Salman Rushdie?" construe, interpret, see - make sense of; assign a meaning to; "What message do you see in this letter?"; "How do you interpret his behavior?" anagram, anagrammatise, anagrammatize - read letters out of order to discover a hidden meaning reread - read anew; read again; "He re-read her letters to him" dip into - read selectively; read only certain passages from a text decipher, trace - read with difficulty; "Can you decipher this letter?"; "The archeologist traced the hieroglyphs" read - look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed; "The King will read the proclamation at noon" skim over, skim - read superficially lip-read, lipread, speech-read - interpret by lipreading; of deaf people read, say - have or contain a certain wording or form; "The passage reads as follows"; "What does the law say?"
	2.	read - have or contain a certain wording or form; "The passage reads as follows"; "What does the law say?" say read - interpret something that is written or printed; "read the advertisement"; "Have you read Salman Rushdie?" feature, have - have as a feature; "This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France"
	3.	read - look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed; "The King will read the proclamation at noon" read - interpret something that is written or printed; "read the advertisement"; "Have you read Salman Rushdie?" numerate - read out loud as words written numbers dictate - say out loud for the purpose of recording; "He dictated a report to his secretary" mouth, speak, talk, verbalise, verbalize, utter - express in speech; "She talks a lot of nonsense"; "This depressed patient does not verbalize" call - read aloud to check for omissions or absentees; "Call roll"
	4.	read - obtain data from magnetic tapes; "This dictionary can be read by the computer" scan construe, interpret, see - make sense of; assign a meaning to; "What message do you see in this letter?"; "How do you interpret his behavior?" misread - read or interpret wrongly; "He misread the data"
	5.	read - interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior; "She read the sky and predicted rain"; "I can't read his strange behavior"; "The fortune teller read his fate in the crystal ball" read, take - interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression; "I read this address as a satire"; "How should I take this message?"; "You can't take credit for this!" scry - divine by gazing into crystals forebode, predict, prognosticate, foretell, promise, anticipate, call - make a prediction about; tell in advance; "Call the outcome of an election"
	6.	read - interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression; "I read this address as a satire"; "How should I take this message?"; "You can't take credit for this!" take read - to hear and understand; "I read you loud and clear!" construe, interpret, see - make sense of; assign a meaning to; "What message do you see in this letter?"; "How do you interpret his behavior?" misinterpret, misread - interpret wrongly; "I misread Hamlet all my life!" read - interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior; "She read the sky and predicted rain"; "I can't read his strange behavior"; "The fortune teller read his fate in the crystal ball"
	7.	read - be a student of a certain subject; "She is reading for the bar exam" learn, study, take audit - attend academic courses without getting credit train, prepare - undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession; "She is training to be a teacher"; "He trained as a legal aid" practice, practise, drill, exercise - learn by repetition; "We drilled French verbs every day"; "Pianists practice scales"
	8.	read - indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments; "The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero"; "The gauge read `empty'" record, register, show say - indicate; "The clock says noon" show - give evidence of, as of records; "The diary shows his distress that evening" strike - indicate (a certain time) by striking; "The clock struck midnight"; "Just when I entered, the clock struck" indicate - to state or express briefly; "indicated his wishes in a letter"
	9.	read - audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role; "He is auditioning for `Julius Caesar' at Stratford this year" performing arts - arts or skills that require public performance audition, try out - perform in order to get a role; "She auditioned for a role on Broadway"
	10.	read - to hear and understand; "I read you loud and clear!" understand - know and comprehend the nature or meaning of; "She did not understand her husband"; "I understand what she means" read, take - interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression; "I read this address as a satire"; "How should I take this message?"; "You can't take credit for this!"
	11.	read - make sense of a language; "She understands French"; "Can you read Greek?" translate, understand, interpret understand - know and comprehend the nature or meaning of; "She did not understand her husband"; "I understand what she means"

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read

verb 1. scan, study, look at, refer to, glance at, pore over, peruse, run your eye over

verb 2. recite, deliver, utter, declaim, speak, announce

verb 3. understand, interpret, comprehend, construe, decipher, perceive the meaning of, see, discover

verb 4. register, show, record, display, indicate

Translations

read [pt, pp read] [riːd, rɛd] vi → leer

vt → leer (= understand); entender (= study); estudiar;

to take sth as read (fig) → dar algo por sentado;

do you read me? (TEL) → ¿me escucha?;

to read between the lines → leer entre líneas

read out vt → leer en alta voz

read over vt → repasar

read through vt (quickly) → leer rápidamente, echar un vistazo a;

(thoroughly) → leer con cuidado or detenidamente

read up vt, read up on

vt fus → documentarse sobre

read [read , pt , pp ] [riːd, rɛd] vi → lire

vt → lire (= understand); comprendre, interpréter (= study); étudier [+ meter]; relever;

(subj) [instrument etc] → indiquer, marquer;

to take sth as read (fig) → considérer qch comme accepté;

do you read me? (Tel) → est-ce que vous me recevez?

read out vt → lire à haute voix

read over vt → relire

read through vt (quickly) → parcourir;

(thoroughly) → lire jusqu'au bout

read up vt, read up on

vt fus → étudier

read [riːd] [read , pt, pp ] [rɛd] vi → lesen;

(piece of writing etc) → sich lesen

vt → lesen;

(meter, thermometer etc) → ablesen;

(understand) (mood, thoughts) → sich versetzen in +acc;

(meter, thermometer etc) [+ measurement]; anzeigen;

(study) → studieren;

to read sb's lips → jdm von den Lippen ablesen;

to read sb's mind → jds Gedanken lesen;

to read between the lines → zwischen den Zeilen lesen;

to take sth as read (self-evident) → etw für selbstverständlich halten;

you can take it as read that ... → Sie können davon ausgehen, dass ...;

do you read me? (Tel) → verstehen Sie mich?;

to read sth into sb's remarks → etw in jds Bemerkungen hineininterpretieren

read out read vt → vorlesen

read over read vt → durchlesen

read through read vt → durchlesen

read up on read vt fus → sich informieren über +acc

read pt, pp, read [riːd, rɛd]

vi → leggere

vt → leggere (= understand); intendere, interpretare (= study); studiare;

do you read me? (TEL) → mi ricevete?;

to take sth as read (fig) → dare qc per scontato

read out vt → leggere ad alta voce

read over vt → rileggere attentamente

read through vt (quickly) → dare una scorsa a;

(thoroughly) → leggere da cima a fondo

read up vt, read up on

vt fus → studiare bene

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read

v read [riːd]

1 to look at and understand (printed or written words or other signs) Have you read this letter?; Can your little girl read yet?; Can anyone here read Chinese?; to read music; I can read (= understand without being told) her thoughts/mind. lees يَقرأ чета číst læse lesen διαβάζω leer lugema خوانددن؛ درک کردن؛ پی بردن lukea lire לִקרוֹא पढ़ना čitati (el)olvas membaca lesa leggere 読む 읽다 skaityti lasīt memahami lezen lese czytać ler a citi читать čítať brati pročitati läsa เข้าใจความหมาย okumak 閱讀 читати پڑھنا đọc 阅读

2 to learn by reading I read in the paper today that the government is going to cut taxes again. lees يَعْرِف بالقِراءَه прочитам číst læse lesen διαβάζω, πληροφορούμαι leer, enterarse (por los periódicos, etc) lugema, teada saama فهمیدن lukea lire לִקרוֹא समझना pročitati olvas membaca lesa leggere 読んで知る 읽어 알다, 읽어서 배우다 perskaityti izlasīt; uzzināt lasot mengetahui lezen lese (wy)czytać ler a citi вычитать čítať prebrati pročitati läsa อ่าน okumak, okuyarak öğrenmek 獲悉 прочитати سمجھنا biết được nhờ việc đọc 获悉

3 to read aloud, usually to someone else I read my daughter a story before she goes to bed; I read to her before she goes to bed. lees يَقْرأ بصَوْتٍ عالٍ чета на глас předčítat læse for vorlesen διαβάζω δυνατά leer (ette) lugema بلند خواندن lukea faire la lecture à לִקרוֹא בְּקוֹל बुलंद आवाज में पढ़ना čitati naglas felolvas membacakan lesa upphátt leggere 音読する 읽어 주다 skaityti lasīt skaļi/priekšā baca voorlezen lese opp/høyt (for) (prze)czytać ler a citi читать вслух číta(va)ť brati čitati läsa อ่านออกเสียง (yüksek sesle) okumak 朗讀 читати вголос اونچی آواز میں پڑھنا đọc cho ai nghe 朗读

4 to pass one's time by reading books etc for pleasure etc I don't have much time to read these days. lees يُطالِع чета číst læse lesen διαβάζω leer lugema مطاللعه کردن lukea lire קְרִיאָה समय बिताने या आनंद के लिए किताबें पढ़ना za čitanje olvas membaca lesa bækur leggere 読書する 독서하다 skaityti lasīt membaca lezen lese czytać ler a citi читать čítať brati čitati läsa ให้เวลาอ่าน okunmak 閱讀 читати وقت گذاری کے لیے پڑھنا đọc sách cho khuây khỏa 阅读

5 to study (a subject) at a university etc. studeer يَدْرُس ، يَتَعَلَّم уча studovat studere studieren μελετώ estudiar õppima رشته ای را خواندن opiskella étudier לִלמוֹד अध्ययन करना polaziti predavanja (vmilyen) tanulmányokat folytat, hallgat belajar stúdera, lesa, læra studiare 学ぶ 공부하다, 연구하다 studijuoti studēt; mācīties belajar studeren lese, studere studiować estudar a stu­dia изучать študovať študirati učiti läsa, studera ซึ่งมีความรู้จากการอ่าน okumak, eğitimini görmek 攻讀 вивчати مطالعہ کرنا nghiên cứu 攻读

6 to look at or be able to see (something) and get information from it I can't read the clock without my glasses; The nurse read the thermometer. lees يَسْتَطيع أن يَقرأ разчитам odečíst aflæse ablesen διαβάζω, βλέπω (π.χ. την ώρα, το θερμόμετρο) ver; leer vaatama خواندن katsoa voir; lire לִקרוֹא देखना očitati leolvas (műszert) melihat lesa á vedere; leggere 見取る (눈금을) 읽다 (į)žiūrėti, pažiūrėti į nolasīt (mērījumu u.tml.) melihat lezen avlese odczytać ler a citi; a vedea разбирать odčítať (údaje na prístroji), zistiť stav razbrati očitati sa läsa av ได้ข้อมูล okumak 辨認 знімати показання کسی چیز کو دیکھ کر معلومات حاصل کرنا đọc rõ 辨认

7 to be written or worded; to say His letter reads as follows: `Dear Sir, ...' lees يَقول ما يَلي казвам znít lyde lauten γράφω, λέω decir on kirjutatud, kõlab خوانده شدن lukea être rédigé לְפָרֵש लिखित kazati hangzik (szöveg) berbunyi hljóma, skal lesast/skrifast dire ～と書いてある 씌어 있다 skambėti (par tekstu) skanēt; būt teiktam tertulis luiden være uttrykt/formulert brzmieć estar escrito a se spune гласить znieť glasiti se kazati stå [], lyda เขียนไว้ว่า yazmak, demek （文章或信）內容是 казати لکھا ہوا ہونا viết là （文章或信）内容是

8 (of a piece of writing etc) to make a (good, bad etc) impression This report reads well. lees يَتْرُكُ انْطِباعا правя впечатление číst se lyde godt klingen είμαι διατυπωμένος leerse muljet jätma سبک روانی olla helppolukuinen se lire לְהִיקַרֵא लेख का अच्छा या बुरा होना činiti se vmilyen benyomást kelt memberi kesan vera góð/slæm lesning leggersi 読んで～である 읽기에 ...하다 daryti (gerą/blogą) įspūdį (par tekstu) atstāt labu/sliktu iespaidu kandungan sesuatu penulisan zich laten lezen lyde, klinge czytać się ler-se a se citi читаться čítať sa brati se delovati låta มีความหมายประทับใจ etkilemek 讀起來 складати враження کسی تحریر کا اچھا یا برا اثر ہونا thể hiện 读起来

9 (of dials, instruments etc) to show a particular figure, measurement etc The thermometer reads –5C. lees يُظْهِر مَعلومات مُحَدَّده، يقول показвам ukazovat vise anzeigen δείχνω indicar, marcar näitama نشان دادن osoittaa indiquer לְהַראוֹת कोई खास माप इत्यादि देना pokazivati mutat (műszer vmilyen értéket) menunjukkan sÿna indicare 示す ...을 가리키다 rodyti rādīt bacaan aanwijzen vise pokazywać marcar показывать ukazovať kazati očitavati visa ตรวจสอบ göstermek 讀數是 показувати کسی مشین یا آلے وغیرہ کی پیماءش دیکھنا chỉ 读数是

10 to (cause a word, phrase etc to) be replaced by another, eg in a document or manuscript There is one error on this page – For `two yards', read `two metres'; `Two yards long' should read `two metres long'. lees يَجِب أن يَحُل مَحَلّها да се чета místo ... má být læs heißen θα έπρεπε να λέει, να γράφει leer (léase) loe, p. o. معنی دادن lue, po. au lieu de..., lire לְהִיקָרֵא मुहावरा इत्यादि का दूसरे से बदल जाना zamijeniti értsd ... mengganti les; skal lesast leggere 読み替える ...으로 고쳐 읽다 turi būti skaitoma (tā vietā) lasīt gantian vervangen door skal leses być czytany jako, czytać jako ler-se în loc de..., a se citi... следует читать namiesto ... má byť nadomestiti glasiti läsa, lyda, vara แทนทีคำด้วยคำอื่น (doğrusu ile) düzeltmek （在勘誤表中）用...代替 читатися کسی لفظ کو دوسرے سے بدلنا được đọc là （在勘误表中）用...代替

n

the act, or a period, of reading I like a good read before I go to sleep. leessessie فَتْرَة قِراءه четене četba læsestund das Lesen διάβασμα lectura lugemine مطالعه lukeminen, lukuhetki lecture קְרִיאָה पढ़ना, अध्ययन čitanje olvasás bacaan lestur lettura 読書 독서, 독서 시간 (pasi)skaitymas Man patīk palasīt. bacaan het lezen lesing, lesestund lektura leitura lectură чтение čítanie branje čitanje lässtund อ่าน okuma 一段閱讀時間 читання پڑھنے کا عمل یا وقفہ việc đọc sách 一段阅读时间

adj ˈreadable

(negative unreadable)

1 easy or pleasant to read I don't usually enjoy poetry but I find these poems very readable. leesbaar مُمكِن قرائته увлекателен čtivý læseværdig lesenswert ευχάριστος στο διάβασμα, ευκολοδιάβαστος agradable de leer (kergelt) loetav خواندنی helppolukuinen agréable à lire קָרִיא पढ़ने योग्य čitak, zanimljiv olvasmányos enak dibaca læsilegur (piacevole a leggersi) 読んで面白い 읽을 만한, 읽기에 재미있는 lengvai, su malonumu skaitomas viegli lasāms; interesants bagus untuk bacaan lezenswaardig lettlest, leseverdig łatwy/przyjemny w czytaniu agradável de ler plăcut la citit читабельный dobre sa čítajúci berljiv čitljiv läsvärd ง่ายต่อการอ่าน ilginç ve okunmaya değer 使人愛讀的，易讀的 добре написаний, цікавий پڑھنے میں آسان đáng đọc 使人爱读的，易读的

2 able to be read Your handwriting is scarcely readable. leesbaar مَقْروئه разбираем čitelný læselig leserlich ευανάγνωστος legible loetav خوانا luettava lisible קריא पढ़ने योग्य, पठनीय čitljiv olvasható bisa dibaca læsilegur leggibile 読める 읽을 수 있는 įskaitomas salasāms tidak boleh difahami leesbaar leselig czytelny legível lizibil разборчивый čitateľný čitljiv čitak läslig, läsbar สามารถอ่านออกได้ okunabilir, okunaklı （筆跡）清楚的 чіткий پڑھنے کے قابل có thể đọc được （笔迹）清楚的

n ˈreadableness

leesbaarheid جَدارَة القِراءَه четливост čitelnost læseværdighed; læselighed die Lesbarkeit η ιδιότητα του να είναι κτ. ευανάγνωστο legibilidad loetavus خواندنی بودن luettavuus lisibilité מִידַת קְרִיאוּת सुपाठ्य čitkost olvashatóság keadaan enak dibaca læsileiki leggibilità 読みやすさ 읽기에 재미남, 읽을 수 있음 įskaitomumas []lasāmība bacaan lezenswaardigheid leselighet, leseverdi czytelność boa leitura caracter lizibil читабельность čitateľnosť čitljivost čitljivost läsvärdhet, läsbarhet การอ่านอย่างเข้าใจ okunaklılık 清楚易讀，值得一讀 чіткість کسی تحریر کا قابل مطالعہ ہونا sự đáng đọc 清楚易读，值得一读

n ˌreadaˈbility

leesbaarheid قِرائِيَّه четливост čitelnost læseværdighed; læselighed die Lesbarkeit η ιδιότητα του να είναι κτ. ευανάγνωστο legibilidad loetavus خواندنی بودن luettavuus lisibilité קְרִיאוּת सुपाठ्यता, सुवाच्यता čitkost, zanimljivost olvashatóság, olvasmányosság keadaan bisa dibaca læsileiki leggibilità 読みやすさ 재미나게 읽힘, 읽기 쉬움 įskaitomumas []lasāmība kebolehbacaan leesbaarheid leselighet, leseverdi czytelność legibilidade caracter lizibil читабельность;удобочитаемость čitateľnosť čitljivost čitkost läsbarhet ความสามารถในการอ่าน okunaklılık 易讀，有趣味 чіткість مطالعہ پذیری sự có thể đọc được 易读，有趣味

n ˈreader

1 a person who reads books, magazines etc He's a keen reader. leser قارئ читател čtenář, -ka læser der/die Leser(in) αναγνώστης lector lugeja خوننده lukija lecteur/-trice קוֹרֵא पाठक čitalac olvasó pembaca lesandi lettore, lettrice 読者 독서가, 독자 skaitytojas lasītājs pembaca lezer leser czytelnik leitor cititor читатель čitateľ, -ka bralec čitalac läsare ผู้อ่านหนังสือ okuyan kimse 讀者 читач; любитель книжок کتاب خواں người đọc 读者

2 a person who reads a particular newspaper, magazine etc The editor asked readers to write to him with their opinions. leser أحد القُرّاء читател čtenář, -ka læser der/die Leser(in) αναγνώστης lector lugeja ارزیاب متن lukija lecteur/-trice קוֹרֵא पाठक lektor, tiskarski korektor olvasó pembaca lesandi lettore, lettrice 読者 독자, 구독자, 애독자 skaitytojas lasītājs pembaca majalah lezer leser czytelnik leitor cititor читатель čitateľ, -ka bralec čitalac läsare นักอ่าน; นักวิจารณ์ okuyucu 讀者 читач کوءی خاص کتاب یا رسالہ وغیرہ پڑھنے والا độc giả 读者

3 a reading-book, especially for children or for learners of a foreign language a Latin reader. leesboek كِتاب قِراءَه читанка čítanka læsebog; lærebog das Lesebuch αναγνωστικό libro de lectura õpik آموزش (کتاب قراعت lukukirja livre de lecture סֵפֶר קִריאָה बालपोथी čitanka olvasókönyv buku bacaan lestrarbók libro di lettura 読本 독본 skaitiniai, skaitymai lasāmgrāmata; mācību grāmata buku latihan bacaan leesboek lesebok wypisy, czytanki livro de leitura curs/ghid pentru începători хрестоматия čítanka berilo čitanka läsebok, textbok หนังสือสำหรับอ่าน okuma kitabı 讀本 хрестоматія مطالعہ کی کتاب sách tập đọc 读本

n ˈreadership

the (number of) people who read a newspaper, magazine etc. lesertal عَدَد القُرّاء читатели čtenáři læserkreds die Leserschaft αναγνωστικό κοινό número de lectores lugejaskond شمار خوانندگان lukijakunta nombre de lecteurs קְהָל הַקוֹראִים पाठकों की संख्या čitaoci (olvasó)közönség jumlah pembaca lesendahópur (numero di lettori) 読者層 독자(수) skaitytojai lasītāji, lasītāju skaits jumlah pembaca lezerskring leserskare/-krets liczba czytelników os leitores număr de cititori круг читателей čitatelia bralstvo čitaoci läsekrets จำนวนผู้อ่าน okuyucu kitlesi 讀者（總數） читачі کسی رسالے وغیرہ کو پڑھنے والوں کی تعداد số người đọc một tờ báo, một tạp chí 读者（总数）

n ˈreading

1 the act of reading. lees قِراءَه четене četba læsning das Lesen ανάγνωση, διάβασμα lectura lugemine مطالعه lukeminen lecture קְרִיאָה पढ़ना čitanje olvasás pembacaan lestur lettura 読書 독서 skaitymas lasīšana membaca het lezen lesing czytanie leitura citire чтение čítanie branje čitanje läsande, läsning การอ่าน okuma 讀 читання مطالعہ sự đọc; sự xem 读

2 the reading of something aloud, as a (public) entertainment a poetry reading. lesing, voorlesing قِراءَه أمام الجُمْهور рецитал recitace oplæsning die Lesung δημόσια ανάγνωση lectura ettelugemine رائت؛ خواندن lausunta séance de lecture קְרִיאָה בְּקוֹל वाचन čitanje felolvasás pembacaan upplestur lettura 音読 낭독 viešas skaitymas lasījums; priekšlasījums mendendangkan voordracht opplesing odczyt, recytacja leitura lectură (în public) публичное чтение recitácia branje čitanje uppläsning การอ่านออกเสียง (yüksek sesle) okuma 朗誦 публічне читання خوش خوانی cách lột tả 朗诵

3 the ability to read The boy is good at reading. lees القُدْرَه على القِراءَه четене čtení læsning das Lesen ικανότητα ανάγνωσης lectura lugemisoskus خواندن lukeminen lecture יְכוֹלֵת קְרִיאָה पढ़ने की क्षमता sposobnost čitanja olvasás kemampuan membaca lestur lettura 読解力 읽기 skaitymas lasīšana, lasītprasme kebolehan membaca het lezen lesing; til å lese czytanie leitura citit; citire чтение čítanie branje čitanje läsning ความสามารถในการอ่าน okuma yeteneği 閱讀能力 читання پڑھنے کی صلاحیت biết đọc 阅读能力

4 the figure, measurement etc on a dial, instrument etc The reading on the thermometer was –5 C. lesing الأرقام والقِياسات отчитане údaj måling; visning die Anzeige ένδειξη indicación, lectura näit یلدداشت مربوط به اعداد lukema relevé קְרִיאָה किसी मीटर डायल आदि द्वारा चिह्नित संख्या očitanje olvasmány angka staða lesinn af mæli indicazione, (valore indicato) 表示 (계기의) 눈금 rodmuo (instrumenta) rādījums, mērījums bacaan stand stand, utslag, måltall, avlesing odczyt indicação gradaţie показание údaj odčitek očitavanje avläsning, gradtal การตรวจสอบ ölçüm, sayı, derece 讀數 показання کسی مشین یا آلے وغیرہ کی پیماءش số ghi trên đồng hồ... 读数

reading-

1 for the purpose of reading reading-glasses; a reading-room in a library. lees للقِراءَه за четене čtecí læse- Lese-... που είναι για διάβασμα de lectura lugemis- مطالعه luku- de lecture קְרִיאָה पठन za čitanje olvasó- baca les-, lestrar- di lettura 読書用の－ 독서용의 skaitymui skirtas lasām-; lasīšanai domāts untuk kegunaan membaca lees{#169} lese- do czytania de leitura de citit; de lectură для чтения určený na čítanie bralen za čitanje läs- มีไว้สำหรับอ่าน ... okuma 供閱讀用的 для читання مطالعے کا چشمہ یا مطالعے کا کمرہ dành cho việc đọc 供阅读用的

2 for learning to read a reading-book. lees كِتاب قِراءَه за учене да се чете pro četbu læse- Lese-... για μάθημα ανάγνωσης para aprender a leer lugemis- تفسیر luku- de lecture לימוד קריאה ज्ञान za obrazovanje olvasókönyv bacaan les-, lestrar- di lettura 読方の－ 읽는 연습을 위한 skaitymų, skaitinių lasāms; lasām- bacaan untuk pembelajaran lees{#169} lese-(bok) do nauki czytania de leitura de citire для чтения na čítanie, čítanka bralen; berilo za učenje čitanja läse- หนังสือเรียน ... okuma 學習用的 для читання مطالعے کی کتاب dành cho việc học đọc 学习用的

n ˈreading material

a list of books, stories, articles etc that need to be read for one's studies. leesmateriaal, voorgeskrewe leeswerk مادَّة للقِراءَه материал за четене seznam četby læsemateriale der Lesestoff ύλη μαθήματος material de lectura kohustuslik kirjandus فهرست کتابها و مقالات برای خواندن livres et périodique חוֹמֵר קְרִיאָה पाठ्य सामग्री literatura kötelező olvasmány bacaan wajib bibliografia （ある科目の）読書リスト privaloma perskaityti literatūra obligātās literatūras saraksts bahan bacaan boekenlijst pensum literatura список литературы odporúčaná literatúra obvezno čtivo literatura studielitteratur แหล่งเอกสาร หนังสือที่ใช้อ่านเพิ่มความรู้ okunacak ... listesi 閱讀資料 матеріал для читання مطالعے کا مواد tài liệu đọc 阅读资料

n ˈreading matter

something written for others to read (eg books, newspapers, letters) There's a lot of interesting reading matter in our local library. leesstof مواد للقِراءَه четиво čtivo læsestof der Lesestoff έντυπο υλικό material de lectura lugemismaterjal, lugemine موضوع مطالعه sujet de lecture חוֹמֵר קְרִיאָה पाठन विषय literatura olvasmány, olvasnivaló bahan bacaan materiale da leggere 読み物 lektūra, skaitiniai lasāmviela bahan bacaan leesstof, lectuur lesestoff materiały do czytania литература для чтения veci na čítanie čtivo knjiga lektyr, läsning วารสารทางวิชาการ okunacak şey 讀物 матеріал для читання دوسروں کے مطالعے کے لیے لکھی جانے والی کوءی تحریر vấn đề cần đọc 读物

n ˈread-out

data produced by a computer, eg on magnetic or paper tape. drukstuk مادَّة من الكومبيوتر على شَريط данни výstup dataudlæsning das Read-out ένδειξη οργάνων lectura väljundandmed باز خوانی tuloste lecture פֶּלֶט कंप्यूटर का उत्पादन दर्शाने वाला भाग ispisna memorija kiolvasás data komputer (af)lestur dati 読み出し 판독된 정보 duomenys (kompjūtera) izdruka penghasilan data uitkomst dataavlesning wydruk dados computorizados вывод данных výstup izpis podaci sa kompjutera digital avläsning การเขียนข้อมูลโดยคอมพิวเตอร์ okuma 讀出 вивід зчитуваних даних ایک کمپیوٹر کے ذریعے پیش کیا جانے والا ڈاٹا số liệu đưa ra 读出

read between the lines

to look for or find information (eg in a letter) which is not actually stated. lees tussen die lyne يَقرأ بين الأسْطُر чета между редовете číst mezi řádky læse mellem linierne zwischen den Zeilen lesen μαντεύω τι υπονοεί ένα κείμενο leer entre líneas ridade vahelt lugema معانی ژرف را پی بردن lukea rivien välistä lire entre les lignes לִקרוֹא בֵּין הַשׁוּרוֹת छिपे हुए अर्थ को खोज निकालना čitati između redaka a sorok között olvas menangkap makna tersirat lesa á milli línanna leggere fra le righe 言外の意味をとる 행간의 숨은 뜻을 알아채다 skaityti tarp eilučių lasīt starp rindām fahami tussen