trial

tri·al  (trl, trl)

n.

1. Law Examination of evidence and applicable law by a competent tribunal to determine the issue of specified charges or claims.

2.

a. The act or process of testing, trying, or putting to the proof: a trial of one's faith.

b. An instance of such testing, especially as part of a series of tests or experiments: a clinical trial of a drug.

3. An effort or attempt: succeeded on the third trial.

4. A state of pain or anguish that tests patience, endurance, or belief: "the fiery trial through which we pass" (Abraham Lincoln).

5. A trying, troublesome, or annoying person or thing: The child was a trial to his parents.

6. A preliminary competition or test to determine qualifications, as in a sport.

adj.

1. Of, relating to, or used in a trial.

2. Attempted or advanced on a provisional or experimental basis: a trial separation.

3. Made or done in the course of a trial or test.

Idioms:

on trial

In the process of being tried, as in a court of law.

trial by fire

A test of one's abilities, especially the ability to perform well under pressure.

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[Middle English triall, a testing, from Anglo-Norman trial, from trier, to sort, try.]

Synonyms: trial, affliction, crucible, ordeal, tribulation
These nouns denote distress or suffering that severely tests resiliency and character: no consolation in their hour of trial; the affliction of a bereaved family; the crucible of revolution; the ordeal of being an innocent murder suspect; a time of relentless tribulation. See Also Synonyms at burden¹.

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trial¹

n

1.

a.  the act or an instance of trying or proving; test or experiment

b.  (as modifier) a trial run

2. (Law) Law

a.  the judicial examination of the issues in a civil or criminal cause by a competent tribunal and the determination of these issues in accordance with the law of the land

b.  the determination of an accused person's guilt or innocence after hearing evidence for the prosecution and for the accused and the judicial examination of the issues involved

c.  (as modifier) trial proceedings

3. an effort or attempt to do something we had three trials at the climb

4. trouble or grief

5. an annoying or frustrating person or thing

6. (often plural) a competition for individuals sheepdog trials

7. (Individual Sports, other than specified) a motorcycling competition in which the skills of the riders are tested over rough ground

8. (Fine Arts & Visual Arts / Ceramics) Ceramics a piece of sample material used for testing the heat of a kiln and its effects

on trial

a.  (Law) undergoing trial, esp before a court of law

b.  being tested, as before a commitment to purchase

vb trials, trialling, trialled (tr)

to test or make experimental use of (something) the idea has been trialled in several schools

[from Anglo-French, from trier to try]

trialling  n

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trial²

n Grammar

1. (Linguistics) a grammatical number occurring in some languages for words in contexts where exactly three of their referents are described or referred to

2. (Linguistics) (modifier) relating to or inflected for this number

[from tri- + -al¹]

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	trial - the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" run, test attempt, effort, try, endeavor, endeavour - earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something; "made an effort to cover all the reading material"; "wished him luck in his endeavor"; "she gave it a good try" assay - a quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components; frequently used to test for the presence or concentration of infectious agents or antibodies etc. clinical test, clinical trial - a rigorously controlled test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on human subjects; in the United States it is conducted under the direction of the FDA before being made available for general clinical use double blind - a test procedure in which the identity of those receiving the intervention is concealed from both the administrators and the subjects until after the test is completed; designed to reduce or eliminate bias in the results preclinical phase, preclinical test, preclinical trial - a laboratory test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on animal subjects; conducted to gather evidence justifying a clinical trial audition, tryout - a test of the suitability of a performer field trial - a test of young hunting dogs to determine their skill in pointing and retrieving try-on, trying on, fitting - putting clothes on to see whether they fit Ministry of Transportation test, MOT test, MOT - a compulsory annual test of older motor vehicles for safety and exhaust fumes pilot program, pilot project - activity planned as a test or trial; "they funded a pilot project in six states" Snellen test - a test of visual acuity using a Snellen chart
	2.	trial - trying something to find out about it; "a sample for ten days free trial"; "a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain" test, trial run, tryout experimentation, experiment - the testing of an idea; "it was an experiment in living"; "not all experimentation is done in laboratories" field test, field trial - a test of the performance of some new product under the conditions in which it will be used alpha test - (computer science) a first test of an experimental product (such as computer software) carried out by the developer beta test - (computer science) a second test of an experimental product (such as computer software) carried out by an outside organization road test - a test to insure that a vehicle is roadworthy trial balloon - a test of public opinion
	3.	trial - the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" test attempt, effort, try, endeavor, endeavour - earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something; "made an effort to cover all the reading material"; "wished him luck in his endeavor"; "she gave it a good try"
	4.	trial - (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law; "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty"; "most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial" legal proceeding, proceeding, proceedings - (law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked court-martial - a trial that is conducted by a military court trial by ordeal, ordeal - a primitive method of determining a person's guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused person to dangerous or painful tests believed to be under divine control; escape was usually taken as a sign of innocence Scopes trial - a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school; Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later reversed show trial - a trial held for show; the guilt of the accused person has been decided in advance plea - an answer indicating why a suit should be dismissed criminal prosecution, prosecution - the institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant for criminal behavior demurrer, denial, defence, defense - a defendant's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him; "he gave evidence for the defense" mistrial - a trial that is invalid or inconclusive retrial - a new trial in which issues already litigated and to which the court has already rendered a verdict or decision are reexamined by the same court; occurs when the initial trial is found to have been improper or unfair due to procedural errors law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order"
	5.	trial - (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications; "the trials for the semifinals began yesterday" athletics, sport - an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition contest, competition - an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants
	6.	trial - an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event; "his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him"; "life is full of tribulations"; "a visitation of the plague" tribulation, visitation affliction - a cause of great suffering and distress fire - a severe trial; "he went through fire and damnation"

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trial

noun

1. (Law) hearing, case, court case, inquiry, contest, tribunal, lawsuit, appeal, litigation, industrial tribunal, court martial, legal proceedings, judicial proceedings, judicial examination New evidence showed that he lied at the trial

2. test, testing, experiment, evaluation, check, examination, audition, assay, dry run (informal), assessment, proof, probation, appraisal, try-out, test-run, pilot study, dummy run They have been treated with drugs in clinical trials.

3. hardship, suffering, trouble, pain, load, burden, distress, grief, misery, ordeal, hard times, woe, unhappiness, adversity, affliction, tribulation, wretchedness, vexation, cross to bear the trials of adolescence

4. nuisance, drag (informal), bother, plague (informal), pest, irritation, hassle (informal), bane, pain in the neck (informal), pain in the arse (taboo informal), vexation, thorn in your flesh or side The whole affair has been a terrible trial for us all.

adjective

experimental, probationary, testing, pilot, provisional, exploratory a trial period

verb

test, experiment with, try out, put to the test, put through its paces, carry out trials on The drug is being trialled at a Brisbane hospital.

Translations

trial [ˈtraɪəl]

n

(LAW) → procès m
to await trial for sth
He was awaiting trial for murder → Il allait être jugé pour meurtre.
to be on trial (LAW) → passer en jugement
to stand trial, to go on trial → passer en jugement
to be sent for trial → être traduit(e) en justice
trial by jury → jugement m par jury

(= test) [machine, vehicle, new product, system] → essai m; [new drug] → test m
to have sth on trial [+ machine, product, vehicle] → avoir qch à l'essai
by trial and error → par tâtonnements

[employee] → essai m
to be on trial (for job) → être à l'essai

(= hardship) → épreuve f
the trials of sth → les vicissitudes de qch trials

npl

(SPORT) (= try-out) → match m de sélection

(= show) horse trials → concours m hippique
sheepdog trials → concours m de chiens de berger

modif

(LAW) [jury, date, hearing, verdict] → du procès

[offer, scheme, subscription] → d'essai

(SPORT) [match, game] → de sélection
trial balance n (COMMERCE) → balance f de vérification
trial basis n
on a trial basis → à titre d'essai
trial judge n → juge mf du procès
trial period n → période f d'essai
trial run n

[machine, vehicle, service] → essai m

(for performance, speech) → galop m d'essai
trial separation n → séparation f à l'essai

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trial

n

(Jur) → (Gerichts)verfahren nt, → Prozess m; (= actual hearing) → (Gerichts)verhandlung f; to be on trial → angeklagt sein, unter Anklage stehen; he goes on trial tomorrow → seine Verhandlung ist morgen; to be on trial for theft → des Diebstahls angeklagt sein, wegen Diebstahls unter Anklage stehen; to be on trial for one’s life → wegen eines mit Todesstrafe bedrohten Verbrechens angeklagt sein; to stand trial (for something) → (wegen etw) vor Gericht stehen; at the trial → bei or während der Verhandlung; to bring somebody to trial → jdn vor Gericht stellen, jdm den Prozess machen; the case comes up for trial next month → der Fall wird nächsten Monat verhandelt; trial by jury → Schwurgerichtsverfahren nt; trial by television/the media (fig) → Vorverurteilung f → durch das Fernsehen/die Medien

(= test) → Versuch m, → Probe f, → Erprobung f; trials (of machine, aeroplane) → Test(s) m(pl), → (Über)prüfung f; (Sport) → Qualifikationsspiel nt; horse trials → Querfeldeinrennen nt; to give something a trial → etw ausprobieren; the manager has promised to give me a trial as a clerk → der Betriebsleiter hat versprochen, mir eine Chance als Büroangestellter zu geben; to take somebody/something on trial → jdn/etw zur Probe nehmen, jdn/etw probeweise nehmen; to put somebody/something to the trial → jdn/etw testen or auf die Probe stellen; to be on trial (new product etc) → getestet werden; the new clerk is on trial → der neue Büroangestellte ist auf Probe eingestellt; trial of strength → Kraftprobe f; by trial and error → durch Ausprobieren; a system of trial and error → ein System der empirischen Lösung

(= hardship) → Widrigkeit f, → Unannehmlichkeit f; (= nuisance) → Plage f, → Problem nt → (to für); he’s a trial to his mother → er macht seiner Mutter sehr viel Kummer; trials and tribulations → Aufregungen pl, → Schwierigkeiten pl, → Drangsale pl (liter)

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trial:

trial-and-error method

n → Trial-and-Error-Methode f, → empirische Methode

trial balance

n → Saldenbilanz f, → Probebilanz f

trial basis

n to employ somebody on a trial → jdn auf Probe einstellen

trial flight

n → Testflug m

trial judge

n → Richter(in) m(f) → der ersten Instanz, Hauptverhandlungsrichter(in) m(f)

trial lawyer

n (US Jur) → Prozessanwalt m, → Prozessanwältin f

trial marriage

n → Ehe f → auf Probe

trial offer

n → Einführungsangebot nt

trial order

n → Probeauftrag m

trial package

n → Probepackung f

trial period

n (for people) → Probezeit f; (for goods) Zeit, die man etw zur Probe oder Prüfung hat

trial program

n (Comput) → Evaluationsprogramm nt

trial run

n → Generalprobe f; (with car etc) → Versuchsfahrt f, → Probefahrt f; (of machine) → Probelauf m; give the new method a trial → probieren Sie diese neue Methode einmal aus or durch

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trial [ˈtraɪ/əl]

1. n

a. (gen) → giudizio; (proceedings) → processo
trial by jury → processo penale con giuria
to be on trial (for a crime) → essere sotto processo (per un reato)
to bring sb to trial (for a crime) → portare qn in giudizio (per un reato)
to go on trial, to stand trial → essere processato/a
to be sent for trial → essere rinviato/a a giudizio

b. (test, gen) → prova; (of drugs) → sperimentazione f; (of machine) → collaudo trials npl (Athletics) → prove fpl di qualificazione (Ftbl) → prova di selezione
horse trials → concorso ippico
a trial of strength → una prova di forza
by trial and error → per tentativi
to be on trial (drug) → essere in via di sperimentazione (machine) → essere al collaudo
to give sb a trial (for job) → far fare una prova a qn

c. (hardship) → prova, difficoltà f inv; (worry) → cruccio
it was a great trial → è stata una dura prova
that child is a great trial to them → quel bambino è una continua preoccupazione per loro
the trials and tribulations of life → le tribolazioni della vita

2. adj (flight, order, period) → di prova
trial offer → offerta di lancio
on a trial basis → in prova

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trial [ˈtraɪ/əl]

1. n

a. (gen) → giudizio; (proceedings) → processo
trial by jury → processo penale con giuria
to be on trial (for a crime) → essere sotto processo (per un reato)
to bring sb to trial (for a crime) → portare qn in giudizio (per un reato)
to go on trial, to stand trial → essere processato/a
to be sent for trial → essere rinviato/a a giudizio

b. (test, gen) → prova; (of drugs) → sperimentazione f; (of machine) → collaudo trials npl (Athletics) → prove fpl di qualificazione (Ftbl) → prova di selezione
horse trials → concorso ippico
a trial of strength → una prova di forza
by trial and error → per tentativi
to be on trial (drug) → essere in via di sperimentazione (machine) → essere al collaudo
to give sb a trial (for job) → far fare una prova a qn

c. (hardship) → prova, difficoltà f inv; (worry) → cruccio
it was a great trial → è stata una dura prova
that child is a great trial to them → quel bambino è una continua preoccupazione per loro
the trials and tribulations of life → le tribolazioni della vita

2. adj (flight, order, period) → di prova
trial offer → offerta di lancio
on a trial basis → in prova

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trial

n trial [ˈtraiəl]

1 an act of testing or trying; a test Give the new car a trial; The disaster was a trial of his courage. beproewing إخْتِبار изпитание zkouška prøvekørsel; prøve der Versuch δοκιμή, δοκιμασία prueba, ensayo katse, katsumus آزمایش؛ آزمون koe essai, épreuve נִיסָיוֹן परीक्षण ispit, opit próba tes, percobaan reynsla, prófun prova ためし 시운전 išbandymas izmēģinājums; pārbaude ujian; dugaan test prøve(tur), kraft-/styrkeprøve próba, test prova încercare, probă испытание skúška preizkušnja test prov, provkörning การทดลอง sınama, test 試驗，考驗 випробування; проба امتحان sự thử thách 试验，考验

2 a legal process by which a person is judged in a court of law Their trial will be held next week. verhoor مُحاكَمَه процес proces retssag der Prozeß δίκη proceso, juicio kohtuprotsess محاکمه oikeudenkäynti procès מִשפָּט योग्यता की परीक्षा suđenje, sudski postupak tárgyalás pengadilan réttarhald processo 裁判 재판 teismo procesas tiesa; tiesas process perbicaraan rechtszaak rettssak, rettslig behandling rozprawa, proces julgamento proces судебное разбирательство proces sodna razprava suđenje rättegång การพิจราณาคดี duruşma, mahkeme 審判 судовий процес, суд مقدمہ phiên tòa xét xử 审判

3 a (source of) trouble or anxiety My son is a great trial (to me). beproewing مِحْنَه трудност trápení, starost prøvelse die Prüfung δοκιμασία, πρόβλημα aflicción, sufrimiento; problema mureallikas مصیبت؛ دردسر koettelemus souci מָקוֹר סֶבֶל पूर्वाभ्यास kušnja, briga megpróbáltatás kesulitan (skap)raun, mæða croce 困りもの 시험, 시련 rūpestis nasta; nedienas dugaan zorg prøvelse utrapienie tormento motiv de îngrijorare источник переживаний starosť nadloga briga prövning ต้นตอของปัญหาหรือความวิตกกังวล dert, üzüntü/endişe kaynağı 討厭的人(或物) переживання, випробування آزمائش nguyên nhân lo lắng 讨厌的人（或物）

trial run

a rehearsal, first test etc of anything, eg a play, car, piece of machinery etc. proefneming تَجْرِيَةٌ أولى тест zkouška prøve; prøvekørsel die Probefahrt,der Probelauf πρόβα, δοκιμή ensayo, prueba proov, katsetus آزمایش اولیه koekäyttö essai הֲרָצַת נִיסָיוֹן परीक्षण प्रणाली proba próbaút tes jalan fyrsta prófun/reynsluakstur prova 試運転 시운전, 시연 išbandymas izmēģinājuma brauciens; mēģinājums; pārbaude ujian percubaan; uji pandu proefrit prøve(tur) jazda próbna, przebieg próbny ensaio (cursă de) probă испытательный пробег skúška preizkus, skušnja proba provkörning, -tur การทดสอบ deneme, tecrübe (etme) 排演，試車等 пробний пуск مشق sự thử 排演，试车等

on trial

1 the subject of a legal action in court She's on trial for murder. word verhoor تَحْت المُحاكَمَه на съд před soudem anklaget; stillet for retten unter Anklage σε δίκη en proceso, procesado süüdistatakse (milleski) در دست دادرسی syytettynä jugé לְהִישָפֵט पर मुकदमा चलना biti pod optužbom bíróság előtt áll terdakwa fyrir rétti sotto processo 裁判中の 재판을 받고 있는 teisiamas tiesāts; saukts pie atbildības perbicaraan voor het gerecht anklaget przed sądem a ser julgado judecat находящийся под следствием pred súdom obtožen kome se sudi inför rätta, åtalad ดำเนินคดี yargılanmakta 在受審 під судом مقدمہ کا موضوع bị xử trong một phiên tòa 在受审

2 undergoing tests or examination We've had a new television installed, but it's only on trial. op sig تَحْتَ التَّجْرِبَه тестван na zkoušku på prøve zur Probe υπό δοκιμή a prueba katsetusel در دست آزمایش koekäytössä à l'essai בִּתקוּפַת נִיסָיוֹן na probi kipróbálás alatt sedang dicoba til reynslu in prova 試験中 시험 중에 있는 bandomas uz pārbaudes/izmēģinājuma laiku sedang dicuba op proef under utprøving, på prøve na próbę, na okres próbny à experiência în probe взятый на пробу na skúšku na preizkusu u procesu testiranja på prov การทดสอบ denemede, tecrübe hâlinde 在試用中 такий, що проходить випробний строк; взятий на пробу جانچ کے مرحلے ميں đang được xem xét 在试用中

trial and error

the trying of various methods, alternatives etc until the right one happens to appear or be found They didn't know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and error. probeer التَجْرِبَه والخَطَأ опитване на различни методи, за да се получи желаният резултат zkoušení (ved) at prøve sig frem alles Mögliche ausprobieren δοκιμάζοντας και διορθώνοντας τα λάθη tanteo, método experimental, método de prueba y error katse ja eksimise meetod آزمون و خطا yritys ja erehdys tâtonnements נִיסוּי וּטעִייָה परीक्षण प्रणाली pokušaj i pogreška fokozatos megközelítés (módszere) mencoba-coba leitaraðferð, útilokunaraðferð, fálmkennd aðferð með því að prófa sig áfram tentativi 施行錯誤 시행착오 bandymas, kol išeina izslēgšanas (atlases) metode cuba-cuba met vallen en opstaan prøving og feiling metoda prób i błędów tentativas încercări suc­ce­sive методом проб и ошибок skúšobná metóda, experiment preizkušanje pokušaj i greška [] pröva sig fram การลองผิดลองถูก sınama yanılma 反複試驗，嘗試法 метод проб и помилок مختلف طريقوں سے جانچنا phương pháp thử và sai 反复试验，尝试法

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trial → محاكمة soudní proces retssag Gerichtsverfahren δίκη juicio oikeudenkäynti procès suđenje processo 裁判 재판 beproeving rettssak proces julgamento испытание försök การพิจารณาคดี duruşma phiên tòa 试用