until

un·til  (n-tl)

prep.

1. Up to the time of: We danced until dawn.

2. Before (a specified time): She can't leave until Friday.

3. Scots Unto; to.

conj.

1. Up to the time that: We walked until it got dark.

2. Before: You cannot leave until your work is finished.

3. To the point or extent that: I talked until I was hoarse. See Usage Note at till².

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[Middle English : un-, up to (from Old Norse und; see ant- in Indo-European roots) + til, till; see till².]

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until [ʌnˈtɪl]

conj (subordinating)

1. up to (a time) that he laughed until he cried

2. (used with a negative) before (a time or event) until you change, you can't go out

prep

1. (often preceded by up) in or throughout the period before he waited until six

2. (used with a negative) earlier than; before he won't come until tomorrow

[C13 untill; related to Old High German unt unto, until, Old Norse und; see till¹]

Usage: The use of until such time as (as in industrial action will continue until such time as our demands are met) is unnecessary and should be avoided: industrial action will continue until our demands are met. See also at till¹

Thesaurus

until

preposition

1. till, up to, up till, up to the time, as late as consumers who have waited until after the Christmas holiday

2. before, up to, prior to, in advance of, previous to, pre- The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year.

conjunction

1. till, up to, up till, up to the time, as late as I waited until it got dark.

2. before, up to, prior to, in advance of, previous to The EC will not lift its sanctions until that country makes changes.

Usage: The use of until such time as (as in industrial action will continue until such time as our demands are met) is unnecessary and should be avoided: industrial action will continue until our demands are met. The use of up before until is also redundant and should be avoided: the talks will continue until (not up until) 23rd March.

Translations

until [ənˈtɪl]

A. PREP → hasta
until ten → hasta las diez
until his arrival → hasta su llegada
he won't be back until tomorrow → no volverá hasta mañana
from morning until night → desde la mañana hasta la noche
until now → hasta ahora
it's never been a problem until now → hasta ahora nunca ha sido un problema
until then → hasta entonces
until then I'd never been to Italy → hasta entonces no había estado nunca en Italia

B. CONJ

1. (in future) → hasta que + subjun
wait until I get back → espera hasta que yo vuelva
until they build the new road → hasta que construyan la nueva carretera
until they come/sleep → hasta que vengan/se duerman
he won't come until you invite him → no vendrá hasta que(no)lo invites
they did nothing until we came → no hicieron nada hasta que(no)vinimos nosotros
I don't get up until eight o'clock → no me levanto antes de las ocho

2. (in past) → hasta que + indic
he did nothing until I told him to → no hizo nada hasta que yo se lo dije, no hizo nada hasta que no se lo dije
until they built the new road → hasta que construyeron la nueva carretera
we stayed there until the doctor came → nos quedamos allí hasta que vino el médico
we didn't stop until we reached York → no paramos hasta llegar a York

UNTIL

• As with other time conjunctions, hasta que is used with the subjunctive if the action which follows hasn't happened yet or hadn't happened at the time of speaking:

Go on stirring until the sauce is cold Sigue removiendo hasta que se enfríe la salsa I shan't be happy until you come No estaré contenta hasta que (no) vengas

NOTE When the main clause is negative, no can optionally be given in the hasta que clause without changing the meaning.

• Hasta que is used with the indicative when the action in the hasta que clause has already taken place:

He lived in this house until he died Vivió en esta casa hasta que murió I didn't see her again until she returned to London No volví a verla hasta que (no) regresó a Londres

• Hasta que is also used with the indicative when describing habitual actions:

I never wake up until the alarm goes off Nunca me despierto hasta que (no) suena el despertador

• Instead of hasta que + ((VERB)), you can use hasta with an infinitive when the subject of both clauses is the same:

Go on stirring until you get a thick creamy mixture Sigue removiendo hasta obtener una crema espesa

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until [ʌnˈtɪl]

prep

(gen) → jusqu'à
I waited until ten o'clock → J'ai attendu jusqu'à dix heures.
until now → jusqu'à présent, jusqu'ici
It's never been a problem until now → Ça n'a jamais été un problème jusqu'à présent., Ça n'a jamais été un problème jusqu'à ici.
Until now, we haven't had the technology → Jusqu'à présent, nous n'avons pas eu la technologie nécessaire., Jusqu'ici, nous n'avons pas eu la technologie nécessaire.
until then → jusque-là
Until then I'd never been to France → Jusque-là je n'étais jamais allé en France.
from morning until night → du matin au soir, du matin jusqu'au soir

(after negative) → avant
It won't be ready until next week → Ça ne sera pas prêt avant la semaine prochaine.
Until last year I'd never been to France → Avant l'année dernière, je n'étais jamais allé en France.
Not until then will we know the answer → Ce n'est pas avant que nous connaîtrons la réponse.
not until now → pas jusqu'à maintenant

conj

(in future) → jusqu'à ce que + subj, en attendant que + subj; (in past) → jusqu'à ce que + subj, avant que + subj
We'll wait here until he comes → Nous attendrons ici jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne.
She waited until he had gone → Elle attendit jusqu'à ce qu'il soit parti.
I waited until it got dark → J'ai attendu qu'il fasse nuit.
until they build the new road → en attendant qu'ils fassent la nouvelle route
until they built the new road → avant qu'il ne fassent la nouvelle route

(after negative) → avant que + subj
I have nothing to say until I see my lawyer → Je n'ai rien à dire avant que je ne voie mon avocat.

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until

prep

→ bis; from morning until night → von morgens bis abends, vom Morgen bis zum Abend; until now → bis jetzt; until then → bis dahin

not until (in future) → nicht vor (+dat); (in past) → erst; I didn’t leave him until the following day → ich habe ihn erst am folgenden Tag verlassen, ich bin bis zum nächsten Tag bei ihm geblieben; the work was not begun until 1990 → die Arbeiten wurden erst 1990 begonnen; I had heard nothing of it until five minutes ago → bis vor fünf Minuten wusste ich (noch) nichts davon, ich habe erst vor fünf Minuten davon gehört

conj

→ bis; wait until I come → warten Sie, bis ich komme

not until (in future) → nicht bevor, erst wenn; (in past) → nicht bis, erst als; he won’t come until you invite him → er kommt erst, wenn Sie ihn einladen; they did nothing until we came → bis wir kamen, taten sie nichts; don’t start until I come → fangen Sie nicht an, bevor ich da bin, fangen Sie erst an, wenn ich da bin; they didn’t start until we came → sie fingen erst an, als wir da waren, sie fingen nicht an, bevor wir da waren

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until [ʌnˈtɪl]

1. prep → fino a; (after negative) → prima di
until now → finora
until then → fino ad allora
until such time as I decide otherwise → fino a quando non cambio idea
from morning until night → dalla mattina alla sera
until his arrival → fino al suo arrivo
I didn't know anything about it until 10 minutes ago → non ne sapevo niente fino a 10 minuti fa

2. conj → finché (non), fino a quando
I won't see her until I return → non la vedrò fino al mio ritorno
wait until I get back → aspetta finché torno
he did nothing until I told him → non ha mosso un dito finché non gliel'ho detto
we had a lovely view from here until they built the factory → qui si godeva une bella vista fino a quando non hanno costruito la fabbrica

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until

prep / conj until [ənˈtil]

to the time of or when He was here until one o'clock; I won't know until I get a letter from him. tot حَتّى до až do, než indtil; til bis έως, μέχρι hasta (que) kuni, enne kui تا asti, ennen kuin jusqu'à (ce que) עַד तक, जबतक dok -ig; amíg (þar) til; fyrr en fino a ～まで ...까지, …할 때까지 iki, kol ne līdz; kamēr sehingga tot, totdat (inn)til, like til, før do, dopóki nie até până la до; (до тех пор) пока (не) až do, kým do; dokler ne do till, tills, förrän จนกระทั่ง ...-e/a kadar 直到... до; доти تک، يہاں تک کہ trước khi, cho đến khi 直到...为止

until is spelt with one l .

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until → إلى أَنْ, حتى dosud, než før, indtil bis έως, έως ότου hasta, hasta que kunnes, saakka jusqu’à, jusqu’à ce que do, dok finché, fino a ･･･の時まで, ･･･まで …까지 tot, totdat til aż, do até, até que до, пока till จนกระทั่ง, จนกว่า kadar cho đến khi 到...为止