Because the King of France (Philip IV) was taxing the Church to help finance his wars,
Boniface VIII decided to declare that kings were subordinate to the power of the Church.
The concept died out in Judaism with the dispersal of Jews around the world but was relaunched in a Catholic format by Pope
Boniface VIII in 1300 with pilgrimages to Rome at its heart.
The Sicilian Guiscards' treatment of Pope Gregory VII and the French king Philip IV's brutalizing of Pope
Boniface VIII come to mind.
Jennifer Petrie, in a recent Lectura Dantis, gives the often quoted reasons for Guido's punishment the account by the fourteenth-century chronicler Riccobaldo da Ferrara, according to whom Pope
Boniface VIII asked Guido for help to sack the city of Palestrina, the stronghold of the Colonna, Boniface's enemy.
Chapman s conclusion argues for Bernards subtlety as opposed to Gelasiuss distinction, and gives an overview of how ecclesiastical independence and the debate surrounding power progressed from Innocent III to
Boniface VIII.
In a later dispute between Pope
Boniface VIII and King Philip IV of France over the king's imposition of taxes on the clergy, Boniface wrote his famous decree, Unam sanctam, claiming papal supremacy in the temporal sphere.
Celestine's successor,
Boniface VIII, feared that having another properly elected pope at large, even though that pope had resigned, could prove a threat.
The last pope to resign -- Celestine V in 1294 -- was locked up and perhaps killed off by his successor
Boniface VIII and there is no record of the two ever meeting post-resignation.
Avant BenoEt XVI, le dernier pape a avoir demissionne de son plein gre fut Celestin V en 1294, mais son successeur,
Boniface VIII, l'avait place sous surveillance puis enferme.
He resigned five months later, giving way to
Boniface VIII, who had him imprisoned, fearful that people loyal to the former pope would provoke a schism.
He was a monk and resigned within four months to return to his monastery, but was imprisoned by his successor, Pope
Boniface VIII, to prevent his restoration.
He went on to live as a hermit, before being taken prisoner by his successor,
Boniface VIII.
Boniface VIII - pope who declared that Catholic princes are subject to the pope in temporal as well as in theological matters (1235-1303)