The flexibility in the sexual expression of a species and the evolution of sequential hermaphroditism in previously
gonochoristic populations can be simulated by setting the initial frequencies of each sex and the predominance of lifetime males and females, with which can occurs four flexibility strategies (Warner, 1975): (1) change from a male to female (protandry); (2) change from female to male (protogyny); (3) change from female to hermaphrodite (protogynous hermaphroditism); (4) change from male to hermaphrodite (protandrous hermaphroditism).
This natural estrogen has been frequently used in
gonochoristic species; however, there are few studies on induced feminization in hermaphroditic fishes.
canaliculatus possessing respective sex organs and secondary sex characteristics throughout life stages of growth and development (i.e.,
gonochoristic).
marginatus is an iteroparous,
gonochoristic, monomorphic, oviparous species with external fecundation.
Demographic plasticity for age and growth and in reproductive parameters pertaining to maturity, sex change, or both (Adams et al., 2000; Gust, 2004; Munday et al., 2006; Mariani et al., 2013) has been documented in both
gonochoristic (Choat and Robertson, 2002; Robertson et al., 2005) and hermaphroditic (Gust et al., 2002; Donovan et al., 2012) species of coral reef fish.
However, other researchers have suggested background levels of hermaphroditism in any normally
gonochoristic fish species, like largemouth bass, should be very low (Blazer et al, 2007, Blazer et al, 2012).
Crustaceans exhibit a variety of sexual systems, ranging from
gonochoristic (separate sexes) to a wide range of sequential, simultaneous, and mixed hermaphroditic systems (Charniaux-Cotton and Payen, 1985; Bauer, 2000; Avise, 2011; Weeks et al., 2014).
2002) in Texas including five
gonochoristic species (Cnemidophorus = Aspidoscelis gularis, A.
Breadth and overlap of the diet between syntopic populations of parthenogenetic Aspidoscelis tesselata C and
gonochoristic Aspidoscelis sexlineata (Squamata: Teiidae) in southeastern Colorado.
gibelio is
gonochoristic and has gynogenetic reproductive properties, because of which C.
It is to mention here that the letrozole exposed fishes retained the sex reversed masculinity until six months of observation even after withdrawal of the treatment suggesting that
gonochoristic fish particularly common carp and tilapia maintain their sexual plasticity until adulthood [39].