Each group of 20 snails was recorded for 1 hour during the exposure to their respective salinity treatment; this has been reported as sufficient time for intertidal
Littorina snails to detect changes in their surrounding environment and protect themselves from the source of stress (Sokolova et al., 2000; Sokolova and Boulding, 2004).
This period falls on the
Littorina stage of the Baltic Sea--on the time of its significant regression (Miettinen 2002, 81; Sandgren et al.
In other Echinolittorina species, veligers remained in the plankton for 4 days before settlement (Struhsaker & Costlow 1968), whereas
Littorina brevicula remained planktonic for 7 days (Son & Hong 1998) and Epheria turrita remained planktonic for 8 days (Kolbin & Kulikova 2008).
En otras especies de prosobranquios se ha reportado que las hembras son mas numerosas que los machos con porcentajes del 80% en Bithynia leachi, del 67% en
Littorina littorea y del 63% en Rissoa parva y Turritella communis (Pelseneer, 1926).
Freezing and anoxia stresses induce expression of metallothionein in the foot muscle and hepatopancreas of the marine gastropod
Littorina littorea.
En un tiempo concreto--'del' Epipaleolitico--alguna expedicion a la costa recogio conchas de
Littorina (littorea y saxatilis) y las abandono en una zona de la cueva, a modo de una 'reserva de materiales' acaso para la produccion de colgantes por perforacion--que no llegaron a consumarse--.
Imposex in Nucella lapillus and intersex in
Littorina littorea: interspecific comparison of two TBT-induced effects and their geographical uniformity.
A similar harmful pattern has been seen involving the oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793), which impaired the mobility of the gastropod
Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758).
They include bivalves Aequipecten, Amusium, Chlamys and Ostrea, and gastropods Cerithium, Conus,
Littorina, Monodonta, Turricula, and Turritella.
Sexual selection on phenotypic traits in a hybrid zone of
Littorina saxatilis (Olivi).
They investigated the effect of heavy metals, PCB congeneres, butyltin (BT) and PAH compounds in snails (
Littorina littorea) and DNA damage in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis).
Littorina - type genus of the family Littorinidae: periwinkles