Another study that Len pursued with considerable interest related to the south-to-north Holocene movement of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) in southern Alberta and its possible migration from eastern British Columbia through Rocky Mountain passes into western Alberta, implying that Alberta lodgepole pine originated from two different Wisconsinan glacial refuge areas.
Elliott and Loudon (1987) tested the odour of essential oils of sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and selected monoterpenes on red deer by measuring mass of food consumed rather than time spent feeding.