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Rather little of scientific reasoning involves deduction; induction, retroduction (inferring the presence of possible causal mechanisms), and argument by analogy are more common (Bhaskar [1975] 1979; Taylor [1967] 1973).
Values within Reason
Since this research work does not seek to prove, disprove or compare phenomena but rather to discover the underlying structures of a nascent domain of knowledge, this study adopted a mixed research perspective combining behavioral and design research patterns, an interpretive and critical paradigm, a mixture of research strategies focusing on retroduction, and an exploratory mixed data collection methodology.
Generic Modular Ontology for Innovation Domain. A Key Pillar Towards "Innovation Interoperability"
Peirce, Hartshorne, and Weiss (1935) synonymously referred to abductive reasoning as retroduction and hypothesis and explained it as a necessary process of the scientific understanding of a phenomenon.
Navigating social integration into university on Facebook: Insights from a longitudinal study
The research relies on use of retroduction rather than applying inductive or deductive approaches.
The Individual's Influence on Low-Technology Innovation: A Critical Realism Based Case Study on North-West Pakistan's Marble Sector
suggesting that minor changes in natural conditions may render induction and retroduction based research techniques inaccurate).
When science and the statute don't provide an answer: hybrid species and the ESA
6) See the introduction to Parables for the Virtual for a discussion of the role of retroduction as that which emerges from a feeding back and produces as it does so (Massumi, 2002).
The interruption: investigating subjectivation and affect
Retroduction as mixed-methods triangulation in economics into social science.
La innovacion en entornos economicos poco favorables: el sector auto partes mexicano
It also outlines McMullin's theory of retroduction and his account of scientific realism, both of which are philosophical positions that provide additional support for consonance from an epistemological perspective.
American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly: Spring 2012, Vol. 86, No. 2
Three scientific methods--deduction, retroduction, and hypothetico-deduction (H-D)--are commonly used in research involving S/V reasoning, providing easy-to-understand examples for helping students learn the methods.
Pedagogical Positives of the Surface-to-Volume Ratio
The most powerful exposition of the necessity of retroductive view for the latter emerged recently by two direct students of Laclau for whom "explanation in social science is closely tied to the context of discovery, thereby making retroduction central to it" (Glynos and Howarth 2007: 47).
Toward a semiotic model of democracy
Because of this strange loop, reminiscent of the future anterior tense involved in an understanding of that which will have been the case, abduction is also sometimes referred to as retroduction, or backward inference.
The truth is in the making: Borges and Pragmatism
Montreal) argues that McMullin's theory of retroduction offers an account of critical realism in scientific rationality that has more fully developed epistemological and metaphysical elements than is developed by the big guns in the field: Ian Barbour, Arthur Peacocke, and John Polinghorne.
Ernan McMullin and critical realism in the science-theology dialogue
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