The previous study has calculated cost and effectiveness for a systemic agent during a 12-week time period, as opposed to this study that has measured four systemic medications (ie, methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin and
sulphasalazine) for 24 weeks.
Drugs causing methaemoglobinaemia are acetanilide, alloxan, aniline, arsine, benzene derivatives, bivalent copper, bismuth, bupivacaine, chorates, chloroquine, chromates, dapsone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dinitrophenol, exhaust fumes, ferricyanide, flutamide, hydroxylamine, lidocaine, metoclopramide, naphthalene, nitrates, nitrofuran, nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, paraquet, phenacetin, phenol, phenytoin, rifampin,
sulphasalazine and sulphonamides
In subsequent years, this term was changed to 'drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome' when it was understood that these symptoms did not only develop with anticonvulsant drugs, but also with various drugs including allopurinol, minocycline, dapsone and
sulphasalazine (3).
inflammation at LEF was vessels wall stopped F: female; M: male; PRD: prednisolon; MPRD: metyprednisolon; CS: cortiocteoid; LEF: leflunomide; HCO: hydroxichlorocine; MTX: methotrexate; AZA: azathioprin; NSAID: nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs; SSZ:
sulphasalazine; NA: not available; PX: pneumothorax (*) Only seropositivity was reported, RF or anti-CCP results were not obtained.
The most common systemic agents given were methotrexate, followed by acitretin,
sulphasalazine, and cyclosporine.
Weinshilboum, "
Sulphasalazine inhibition of thiopurine methyltransferase: possible mechanism for interaction with 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine," British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol.
Traditional DMARDs, such as methotrexate,
sulphasalazine, and leflunomide, reduce joint pain while suppressing inflammation over several weeks, maintaining these effects over months, and their rapid introduction is recommended by current guidelines, preferably in combination.
Axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) treatment includes physical exercise, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
sulphasalazine for peripheral arthritis, and antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-[alpha]) in case NSAIDs are ineffective [8].
Sulphasalazine (SAZ) was obtained from Sine Pharmaceutical Co.
Reversible germ cell toxicity of
sulphasalazine and ampicillin combination in male rats.
Among all, 32 (28.8%) patients received monotherapy, 78 (70.3%) received dual therapy and 1(0.9%) was given triple DMARDs therapy, i.e MTX, Hydroxycholorquin (HCQ) and
Sulphasalazine (SSZ) (Fig.2).
The widely used therapeutics in RA are the conventional DMARDs including methotrexate, hydroxy-chloroquine, azathioprine and
sulphasalazine. Their exact mechanism of action remains unclear4.