Targum

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Tar·gum

 (tär′go͝om′, -go͞om′)
n.
Any of several Aramaic explanatory translations or paraphrasings of the Hebrew Scriptures.
[Mishnaic Hebrew targûm, translation, interpretation, Targum, from Aramaic targəmā, back-formation from targəmānā, interpreter; see dragoman.]
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Targum

(ˈtɑːɡəm; Hebrew tarˈɡum)
n
(Bible) an Aramaic translation, usually in the form of an expanded paraphrase, of various books or sections of the Old Testament
[C16: from Aramaic: interpretation]
Targumic, Tarˈgumical adj
ˈTargumist n
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

Tar•gum

(ˈtɑr gʊm; Heb. tɑrˈgum)

n., pl. Tar•gums, Heb. Tar•gu•mim (tɑr guˈmim)
a translation or paraphrase in Aramaic of a book or division of the Old Testament.
[< Aramaic targūm literally, paraphrase, interpretation]
Tar•gum′ic, adj.
Tar′gum•ist, n.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
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References in periodicals archive ?
En efecto, la comparacion de los comentarios sobre esos textos biblicos con lo que dicen sobre ellos algunos exegetas hebreos, tanto representantes del peshat como Rashi, Joseph Qara, Rashbam o Bekhor Shor, como con textos midrashicos e incluso algunos targumim, pone de manifiesto la existencia de paralelos no literales, pero clara mente constatables.
Montse LEYRA CURIA: In hebreo. The Victorine Exegesis of the Bible in the Light of Its Northern--French Jewish Sources
The Aramaic Targumim (targum means "translation" or "interpretation") in use before the Christian era, consisted of oral explanations or paraphrases, made by the rabbi in the synagogue to complement the readings of the Hebrew Torah, and their status was so inferior to the original that they were not even supposed to be written down.
Translation and the Desacralization of the Western World: From Performativity to Representation
Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature.
The etymology of Aramaic (and Hebrew) [square root of (term)]prns 'to distribute, supply'
The concept is mentioned only twice in the Mishnah (100 CE), seldom in the Targumim (200-500 CE), and hardly of serious interest in either the Babylonian or Jerusalem Talmud (300-600 CE).
Jesus the central Jew, his times and his people
Naming his commentary for what he saw as the main theme of the biblical book, Saadia produced the first known Jewish translation of Esther since the targumim in the fourth to seventh centuries, and also the first known personalized and programmatic Jewish commentary, which incorporated various elements of Arabic literature composition among other matters.
The Book of Conviviality in Exile (Kitab Al-Inas Bi-'L-Jalwa): The Judaeo-Arabic Translation and Commentary of Saadia Gaon on the Book of Esther
While the Septuagint (LXX) that we have today seems to be at variance with the version of the Talmud (only two of the fifteen unusual translations noted in the Talmud are found in the LXX) and, over time the LXX was abandoned by Jews in favor of the Aramaic Targumim, it is still a very important work--showing how Jews in the ancient world interpreted the Bible and providing evidence for the existence of possible textual variants in the Hebrew original.
A New English Translation of the Septuagint
it is kindness." Broad, though not exhaustive, reading finds this interpretation in both Talmuds, various midrashim (imaginative interpretations of scripture) and targumim (Aramaic translations and elaborations of scripture), mystical texts, and biblical commentaries, dating from the early centuries of the common era into our time.
A love match in leviticus
I assume that they at some stage did, for they had access to Targumim of other books.
Adjusting Jonah
Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (2 vols.) London: Luzac & Co.; New York: G.P.
What they served at the banquet for the wedding of Shim'on Nathan's daughter: considerations on the sense of tsvi, in sources from east and west
College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Israel) on the targumim, Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Bible.
Michael Klein on the Targums; collected essays 1972-2002

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