CBTs are slowly growing tumors that arise from
chemoreceptor tissue in carotid bifurcation.
The
chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) located in the postrema surface of the brain also can stimulate the vomiting center indirectly.
I do not consider oxygen as a substrate for enzymes, sensing proteins, mitochondria, or
chemoreceptor cells.
Although being quite different from clinical hypoxia, it is well known that one of the first responses to hypobaric hypoxia is increased heart rate as a result of carotid and aortic
chemoreceptor stimulation (1).
These drugs have multiple mechanisms of benefit, including acting on the midbrain to reduce the sensation of shortness of breath, decreasing oxygen consumption by reducing muscle activity, suppressing cough, reducing
chemoreceptor sensitivity to carbon dioxide, and decreasing cardiac preload and sympathetic tone.
They also exhibit an increased respiratory activity, which is due to the high
chemoreceptor activity in this animal strain.
Scientists from the US, Argentina, Israel, India, and Europe discuss electron cryptomography and its application to bacterial
chemoreceptor arrays, designing symmetric protein nanomaterials, weighted ensemble simulation, eukaryotic transcription initiation machinery, biophysical models of protein evolution, rate constants and mechanisms of protein-ligand binding, the integration of bacterial small RNAs in regulatory networks, recognition of client proteins by the proteasome, chemokine receptor structures and function, progress in human Tetrahymena telomerase structure determination, the theory and modeling of RNA structure and interactions with metal ions and small molecules, and reconstructing ancient proteins to understand the causes of structure and function.
Nausea is mediated by neural pathways, whereas vomiting is initiated and coordinated by the vomiting center and the
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ).
The same structure also serves as a contact
chemoreceptor (Thurm et al., 1998b; reviewed by Kass-Simon and Scappaticci, 2002).
Ventilation continues to be elevated with acclimatization and may be an indication of increased
chemoreceptor sensitivity to blood gas changes occurring at altitude.
Carotid and aortic
chemoreceptor function in the rat.
In the 1950s, regions of the brain most involved in emesis--the vomiting centre and
chemoreceptor trigger zone--and a key neurotransmitter, dopamine, were isolated.