The slope, [LC.sub.50], and 95%
confidence limits were calculated according to the methods used by Finney (1964).
After constructing the monitoring statistics, the
confidence limits of the two statistics need to be determined.
A=Mean, B=Standard deviation, C=Sample size, D=Standard error of mean, E=Lower 95%
confidence limit, F=upper 95%
confidence limit, G=Minimum, H=Median (50th percentile), I= Maximum, J= Normality test KS, K=Normality test P value, L= Passed Normality test?
ether 268.1 242.2 292.3 524.2 2.712 Chloroform 288.9 261.7 315.6 357.8 0.412 Acetone 166.6 62.1 224.6 290.4 9.216 Methanol 181.2 123.8 222.9 518.2 0.846 [LC.sub.50] = lethal concentration for 50% larval mortality; [LC.sub.90] = lethal concentration for 90% larval mortality; LCL = lower
confidence limit; UCL = upper
confidence limit.
In summary, the example demonstrates that the incorporation of
confidence limits and predefined error limits in a Bland-Altman plot allows easy visual interpretation of a method-comparison study.
With dry tissue extracts, the estimated Y-intercept
confidence limits bracketed the origin while the Y-intercept lower
confidence limit of fresh tissue extracts was only 19 [micro]g N[O.sup.-.sub.3]-N [g.sup.-1] fresh weight greater than the origin.
The upper and lower
confidence limits were then inserted as Y values into Equation 3 to calculate the 90 percent
confidence limits on the infective dose.
Using the 95%
confidence limit (3.02%) derived from all controls, 19 stroke subjects (39%) desaturated in total, 13 (27%) on day 1 (all resolved on day 15) and a further six (12%) on day 15.
Confidence intervals or
confidence limits provide a method of stating the precision or closeness of the sample statistic (2).
The researchers found that budesonide-formoterol used as needed was non-inferior to budesonide maintenance for severe exacerbations, with annualized rates of severe exacerbations of 0.11 and 0.12, respectively (rate ratio, 0.97; upper one-sided 95 percent
confidence limit, 1.16).
However, the apparent difference (-20%) in release rate between our study and Scheelings' (4) did not reach statistical significance when performing
confidence limit analysis of the difference in proportions for these 2 separate studies (95% CL: -24%, 8%; P > .05) The release rate of conservatively managed birds in this study was comparable to those reported for birds treated surgically by Holz, (6) who also had a 75% release rate (n = 6/8; 95% CL: 41%, 93%), although this was a notably smaller sample size (Figs 1 and 2).
Similarly, in 1.8% of the cases, the actual bill was less than the lower
confidence limit for the case.