GD is one of the important PMLs because of its strong association with at least 10-fold increased risk of gastric cancer.[9],[21],[22] Dysplasia is characterized histologically by the increased mitotic activity, cellular pleomorphism, decreased cytoplasmic mucin, increased nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear
hyperchromatism, and glandular disarray.
In general, highly aggressive tumors are characterized by more barriers to diffusion,
hyperchromatism, enlarged nuclei, and increased cell attenuation (28).
The epidermoid cells show dysplastic features such as nuclear and cellular pleomorphism,
hyperchromatism, and increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio.
In contrast to EHE, angiosarcoma shows a greater degree of cellular pleomorphism, nuclear
hyperchromatism, necrosis, and higher mitotic rate.
(21,22) Brothwell et al (23) suggested a 4-tier system according to the thickness of the increasing number of cells that showed
hyperchromatism and pleomorphism.
The epithelium is six- to seven-cell-layers thick with basal cells showing the palisaded arrangement of the nuclei and nuclear
hyperchromatism. In a few areas, the lining epithelium can be seen separating from the connective tissue.
PanIN 2 is a mucinous, epithelial flat or papillary lesion with some nuclear abnormalities including loss of polarity, crowding, enlargement, nuclear stratification and
hyperchromatism. PanIN 3 usually is a papillary or micropapillary architecture with abnormal cribriforming, budding and luminal necrosis with cytological abnormalities, such as loss of nuclear polarity, dystrophic goblet cells, atypical mitotic figures and macronucleoli.
Multinucleated giant cells, increased mitotic activity,
hyperchromatism, cell atypia, nuclear irregularities, and necrosis maybe seen [14].
[9] first described the histological criteria for atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors in 1972, namely, increased mitotic activity with 5-10 mitoses per 2 [mm.sup.2] (10 high-power field (HPF)), nuclear pleomorphism, and irregularity with
hyperchromatism and prominent nucleoli, areas of increased cellularity with disorganization, and necrosis.
Microscopically, the tumors contain irregular rudimentary vascular significant pleomorphism and nuclear
hyperchromatism, with frequent mitotic figures.
The microscopy of the soft pale projections of the right ovary had papillary structures with fibrovascular cores which were lined by transitional epithelium exhibiting nuclear pleomorphism,
hyperchromatism, and increased mitotic activity (Figure 3).
Caption: Figure 4: (a) Neoplastic cells with nuclear pleomorphism,
hyperchromatism, abundant mitosis, and apoptosis (200x).