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Theoretically, completeness of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) myotomy is the key for better outcomes.

Clinical Outcomes and Safety of Partial Full-Thickness Myotomy versus Circular Muscle Myotomy in Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for Achalasia Patients

Electrical and mechanical activity in the human lower esophageal sphincter during diaphragmatic contraction.

Lower esophageal sphincter pressures in gastroesophageal reflux disease: Where do they stand?

(2) Primary screening for achalasia is usually by a real time fluoroscopic barium swallow examination (BE) which demonstrates a dilated and aperistaltic esophagus with narrowed lower esophageal sphincter which classically is termed as "bird beak" appearance.

Laparoscopic Heller's cardiomyotomy for achalasia cardia with and without Dor fundoplication--our initial experience

For more severe cases, prescription-strength H2RAs, acid suppressants such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs, which include Prilosec, Nexium, and Prevacid), and drugs that strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter, may be used.

The best treatment options for GERD

Obesity is associated with increased transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.

Oesophageal dysfunction and disease in obesity

Vasoactive intestinal peptide and platelet-activating factor, 2 eosinophil secretory products, have been shown to cause lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.

Update on esophagitis: controversial and underdiagnosed causes

A common cause of heartburn is a malfunctioning valve called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).

Ask Dr. Nan

GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscular valve that separates the stomach and esophagus, fails to close all the way, allowing the backflow of stomach fluids into the esophagus.

Weigh the pros and cons of anti-reflux surgery: this operation may ease heartburn and other symptoms, but it has risks and requires a skilled, experienced surgeon

When you have a roll of fat tissue on your abdomen, it pushes down on your abdominal contents in a similar way, applying pressure to the lower esophageal sphincter. As a result of this pressure, the lower esophageal sphincter is no longer able to perform its job of keeping the stomach contents from escaping into the esophagus.

How to manage symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Avoid tight clothing around your abdomen, such as girdles, tight jeans and elastic waist bands, which can increase pressure on your stomach and lower esophageal sphincter.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD); Treatment

Classically, achalasia is characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) with absent peristalsis in the body of the esophagus, (1-3) whereas DES is characterized by normal relaxation of the LES with periods of normal peristalsis interspersed with periods of weakened or absent peristalsis and abnormal simultaneous contractions.

Achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm: spectrum of findings and complementary roles of barium studies and manometry

(2) Factors predisposing to stricture formation are not well understood, but studies demonstrate that patients with peptic stricture are older, have reflux symptoms of longer duration, have an associated esophageal motility disorder, and have significantly reduced lower esophageal sphincter pressures.

Complete esophageal stenosis secondary to peptic stricture in the cervical esophagus: case report