a prefix with the meaning “round about, around,” found in Latin loanwords, esp. derivatives of verbs that had the general sense “to encompass or surround” (circumference; circumstance) or “to go around” in the manner specified by the verb (circumnavigate; circumscribe); on this basis forming adjectives in English with the meaning “surrounding” that named by the stem (circumpolar).
[< Latin circum around (acc. of circus; see circus, circle)]
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