adj.1. a. Constituting each and all members of a group without exception.
b. Being all possible: had every chance of winning, but lost.
2. Being each of a specified succession of objects or intervals: every third seat; every two hours.
3. Being the highest degree or expression of: showed us every attention; had every hope of succeeding.
Usage Note: Every is representative of a group of English words and expressions that are singular in form but felt to be plural in sense. The class includes noun phrases introduced by
every, any, and certain uses of
some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb; we say
Every car has (not
have)
been tested, Anyone is (not
are)
liable to fall ill, and
Some pizza is left over from the party. But when a sentence contains a pronoun that refers to a previous noun phrase introduced by
every, grammar and sense pull in different directions. The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in
Every car must have its brakes tested, but the meaning often leads people to use the plural pronoun, as in
Every car must have their brakes tested. The use of plural pronouns in such cases is common in speech, but it is still widely regarded as incorrect in writing. · The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule causes complications, however. The first is grammatical. When a pronoun refers to a phrase containing
every or
any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular. Thus it is not idiomatic to say
Every man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor is it grammatical to say
No one could be seen, could he? If the plural forms seem wrong in these examples
(Every man took their raincoat with them), one way around the problem is to rephrase the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as in
Every man left, taking his raincoat with him). Another is to substitute another word for
every or
any, usually by casting the entire sentence as plural, as in
All the men left; they took their raincoats with them. · The second complication involves the issue of gender. When a phrase introduced by
every or
any refers to a group containing both men and women, what should the gender of the singular pronoun be? This matter is discussed in the Usage Notes at
he and
they. See Usage Notes at
all,
each,
either,
he1,
neither,
none,
they.