sham

sham

 (shăm)

n.

1.

a. Something false or empty that is purported to be genuine: "Because she had been so readily unfaithful, her marriage was a sham" (Alice Munro).

b. Deceitfulness or pretense: "She saw herself as a person surrounded by, living by, sham" (Alice Munro).

c. One who claims to be what he or she is not; an impostor or fraud: "He a man! Hell! He was a hollow sham!" (Joseph Conrad).

2. A decorative cover for a pillow.

adj.

Not genuine; fake: sham diamonds; sham modesty.

v. shammed, sham·ming, shams

v.tr.

To put on the false appearance of; feign: "shamming insanity to get his tormentors to leave him alone" (John Wain).

v.intr.

To assume a false appearance or character; dissemble.

---

[Perhaps dialectal variant of shame.]

---

sham′mer n.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

sham

(ʃæm)

n

1. anything that is not what it purports or appears to be

2. something false, fake, or fictitious that purports to be genuine

3. a person who pretends to be something other than he is

adj

counterfeit or false; simulated

vb, shams, shamming or shammed

to falsely assume the appearance of (something); counterfeit: to sham illness.

[C17: perhaps a Northern English dialect variant of shame]

ˈshammer n

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

sham

(ʃæm)

n., adj., v. shammed, sham•ming. n.

1. a spurious imitation; fraud or hoax.

2. a person who pretends or counterfeits.

3. a cover or the like: a pillow sham.

adj.

4. pretended; counterfeit: sham attacks.

5. designed, made, or used as a sham.

v.t.

6. to produce an imitation of.

7. to feign.

v.i.

8. to make a false show of something.

[1670–80]

sham′mer, n.

syn: See false.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

sham

Past participle: shammed
Gerund: shamming

Imperative

sham

sham

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	sham - something that is a counterfeit; not what it seems to be fake, postiche fake book - a fake in the form of an imitation book; used to fill bookcases of people who wish to appear scholarly imitation - something copied or derived from an original Potemkin village - something that seems impressive but in fact lacks substance
	2.	sham - a person who makes deceitful pretenses faker, imposter, impostor, pseud, pseudo, role player, shammer, pretender, fraud, fake beguiler, cheater, deceiver, trickster, slicker, cheat - someone who leads you to believe something that is not true name dropper - someone who pretends that famous people are his/her friends ringer - a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
Verb	1.	sham - make a pretence of; "She assumed indifference, even though she was seething with anger"; "he feigned sleep" feign, simulate, assume pretend, dissemble, act - behave unnaturally or affectedly; "She's just acting" play - pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game or playful activity; "Let's play like I am mommy"; "Play cowboy and Indians" feint - deceive by a mock action; "The midfielder feinted to shoot"
	2.	sham - make believe with the intent to deceive; "He feigned that he was ill"; "He shammed a headache" dissemble, feign, pretend, affect misrepresent, belie - represent falsely; "This statement misrepresents my intentions" make believe, pretend, make - represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like; "She makes like an actress" play possum - to pretend to be dead take a dive - pretend to be knocked out, as of a boxer talk through one's hat, bull, fake - speak insincerely or without regard for facts or truths; "The politician was not well prepared for the debate and faked it" mouth - articulate silently; form words with the lips only; "She mouthed a swear word"
Adj.	1.	sham - adopted in order to deceive; "an assumed name"; "an assumed cheerfulness"; "a fictitious address"; "fictive sympathy"; "a pretended interest"; "a put-on childish voice"; "sham modesty" assumed, fictive, pretended, put on, fictitious, false counterfeit, imitative - not genuine; imitating something superior; "counterfeit emotion"; "counterfeit money"; "counterfeit works of art"; "a counterfeit prince"

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

sham

noun

1. fraud, imitation, hoax, pretence, forgery, counterfeit, pretender, humbug, impostor, feint, pseud (informal), wolf in sheep's clothing, imposture, phoney or phony (informal) Their promises were exposed as a hollow sham.
fraud original, the real thing, the genuine article, the real McCoy (or McKay)

adjective

1. false, artificial, bogus, pretended, mock, synthetic, imitation, simulated, pseudo (informal), counterfeit, feigned, spurious, ersatz, pseud (informal), phoney or phony (informal) a sham marriage
false real, genuine, authentic, sound, true, natural, legitimate, veritable, bona fide, dinkum (Austral & N.Z. informal), unfeigned

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

sham

noun

1. A fraudulent imitation:

counterfeit, fake, forgery, phony.

2. A false, derisive, or impudent imitation of something:

burlesque, caricature, farce, mock, mockery, parody, travesty.

3. A display of insincere behavior:

act, acting, disguise, dissemblance, masquerade, pretense, show, simulation.

adjective

Fraudulently or deceptively imitative:

bogus, counterfeit, fake, false, fraudulent, phony, spurious, suppositious, supposititious.

verb

1. To behave affectedly or insincerely or take on a false or misleading appearance of:

act, counterfeit, dissemble, fake, feign, play-act, pose, pretend, put on, simulate.

2. To take on or give a false appearance of:

affect, assume, counterfeit, fake, feign, pretend, put on, simulate.

Idiom: make believe.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

رياء، تَصَنُّع، تَمْويهزائِف، مُقَلَّديَتَظاهَر، يَدَّعي

falešnýpodvodpředstíranýpředstírat

foregivehumbuglade som om

BetrugMogeleiSchwindelTäuschungunecht

ντροπιάζω

huijatahuiputtaajäljennöspettääväärennös

faire semblantfauximposture

fölsun, eftirlíkinglátastuppgerî, látalæti

falsofingerefintofinzionesimulato

ごまかしごまかすまがいもの

apsimetinėti

blēdībaizlikšanāsizliktiesmācību-mākslīgs

jukse-

göz boyamasahtetaklityalandan ...-mak

伪装假装假装的哄骗虚假的

sham

[ʃæm]

A. ADJ → falso, fingido

B. N

1. (= imposture) → farsa f
it was all a sham → fue una farsa, fue pura pantalla (Mex)

2. (= person) → impostor/a m/f

C. VT → fingir, simular
to sham illness → fingirse enfermo

D. VI → fingir, fingirse
he's just shamming → lo está fingiendo

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

sham

[ˈʃæm]

n

(= thing that is not genuine) → simulacre m
Their independence is a sham → Leur autonomie n'est qu'un simulacre.
They have denounced this election as a sham → Ils ont qualifié ces élections de simulacre.

(= imposter) → imposteur m

adj [illness] → feint(e), simulé(e); [love, friendship] → faux(fausse)
sham marriage → simulacre m de mariage

vt [+ illness, love] → feindre, simuler

vi → faire semblant
He's shamming → Il fait semblant.

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

sham

n

(= pretence) → Heuchelei f; he’s not really sorry, it’s all a big sham → es tut ihm nicht wirklich leid, er heuchelt nur or das ist geheuchelt; their marriage had become a sham → ihre Ehe war zur Farce geworden or bestand nur noch zum Schein; his life seemed a sham → sein Leben erschien ihm als Lug und Trug; this diamond is a sham → dieser Diamant ist nicht echt

(= person) → Scharlatan m; you don’t really feel anything, you big sham! → du empfindest überhaupt nichts, du Heuchler!

adj diamonds, oak etc → unecht, imitiert; politeness etc → vorgetäuscht, geheuchelt; person → betrügerisch; a sham marriage → eine Scheinehe; a sham deal → ein Scheingeschäft nt; a sham battle → ein Scheingefecht nt

vt → vortäuschen, vorgeben; illness also → simulieren; emotions, sympathy → heucheln

vi → so tun; (esp with illness) → simulieren; (with feelings) → heucheln; he’s just shamming → er tut nur so

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

sham

[ʃæm]

1. adj (piety) → falso/a; (politeness) → finto/a; (elections) → fasullo/a; (battle, illness) → simulato/a

2. n

a. (imposture) → messinscena, finta

b. (person) → ciarlatano/a, impostore m

3. vt → fingere, simulare
to sham illness → fingersi malato/a

4. vi → fingere, far finta
he's just shamming → fa solo finta

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

sham

(ʃӕm) noun

something that is pretended, not genuine. The whole trial was a sham. skyn رياء، تَصَنُّع، تَمْويه преструвка farsa podvod die Täuschung humbug απάτη, ψέμαfarsa, simulacro pettus ساختگي sumutus imposture; imitationמזויף कपट, ढोंग varka, prijevara csalás kepura-puraan uppgerð, látalæti finzione 見せかけ 허위, 위선 apgaulė izlikšanās; viltojums; blēdība kepura-puraan veinzerijjuks, spill, bedragerilipa شرم، پښيماني، سپكوالى، خجالت، پيكه توب farsa impos­tură; imitaţie притворство; подделка podvod prevara prevara humbug, bluff การปลอมแปลง taklit, göz boyama 騙局，虛假 удавання; прикидання دکھاوا sự giả bộ 哄骗，伪装

adjective

pretended, artificial or false. a sham fight; Are those diamonds real or sham? nagemaak زائِف، مُقَلَّد престорен falso předstíraný; falešný vorgetäuscht, unecht skin- ψεύτικος, στημένος falso, simulado, fingido teeseldud, võlts- بدلي jäljennös fauxמזויף कृत्रिम lažan, patvoren hamis pura-pura fölsun, eftirlíking falso 見せかけの 허위의, 가짜의 dirbtinis, padirbtas mācību-; mākslīgs; neīsts; viltots palsu schijn-jukse-, liksom- lipny پښيماني falso fals поддельный, фальшивый predstieraný; falošný hlinjen, ponarejen, umeten lažni låtsad, oäkta, falsk ปลอม taklit, sahte 虛偽的，造假的 фальшивий; підроблений تماشا، جھوٹ giả vờ, giả bộ 虚假的，假装的

verb – past tense, past participle shammed –

to pretend (to be in some state). He shammed sleep/anger; He shammed dead; I think she's only shamming. veins يَتَظاهَر، يَدَّعي преструвам се fingir předstírat vortäuschen foregive; lade som om προσποιούμαι, καμώνομαι fingir, simular teesklema ظاهرسازي كردن tekeytyä faire semblant לְהַעֲמִיד פָּנִים दिखावा करना, ढोंग करना hiniti, pretvarati se tettet, színlel berpura-pura látast fingere, fare finta ～のふりをする 가장하다 apsimesti, apsimetinėti simulēt; izlikties berpura-pura veinzenspille, late somudawać شرمول، سپكول، رسواكول fingir a se preface (că) притворяться, симулировать predstierať hliniti pretvarati se simulera, låtsas เสแสร้ง yalandan ...-mak 假裝 прикидатися, удавати سوانگ بھرنا giả mạo 假装

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