The beneficial functions of MSCs have been attributed to their
autocrine and paracrine activity (13).
To the extent that epithelial-mesodermal relationships are established between the endoderm and the underlying mesoderm, the parenchyma of the liver and the tunicae of the gallbladder are formed, while the hepatic and biliary stems are recanalized-after the stimulation of different paracrine factors and
autocrine drugs such as estrogen, insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)--to form the different ducts that make up the bile duct (Strazzabosco & Fabris, 2012).
Paracrine and
autocrine mechanisms of apelin signaling govern embryonic and tumor angiogenesis.
Based on localization of LIF and LIFR in the endometrium and conceptus tissues, it is likely that LIF acts on endometrial epithelial cells and conceptus/chorioallantoic tissues in an
autocrine and/or paracrine manner to affect endometrial and conceptus function during pregnancy in pigs.
It is reported that CCR5 expression rate increased
autocrine effect of MIP1[beta] expression which was induced by mitogens in a tax-I transfected cell line (12).
Melatonin has endocrine,
autocrine, and paracrine actions, which are mostly receptor mediated.
Download PDF Brochure@ http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownload.asp?id=80206120 Based on signaling type, the market is segmented into paracrine, endocrine,
autocrine, juxtacrine, and other signaling types (intracrine and neuronal signaling).
The inflammation-mediated hypothesis, in which IL-8 is an
autocrine growth factor in colon carcinoma cell lines, has been proposed (31).
Both of the hyperglycosylated hCG and hCG free [beta]-subunit can antagonize TGF[beta] receptor (acting as
autocrine hormone), and can thus be categorized as oncogenisis factors.
The activity of PB4188 was unaffected by increasing concentrations of HRG, the ligand for HER3 which mirrors the
autocrine or paracrine signaling environment of the tumor, in contrast to monoclonal antibodies against the same targets, tested as single agents or in combination.
The endothelium is
autocrine, paracrine and endocrine organ regulating the vascular tone and maintain the homeostasis.1,2