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Birmingham surgeon Dr Joseph Sampson Gamgee invented the surgical dressing called Gamgee Tissue - cotton wool between two layers of gauze - in 1880.
According to JRR Tolkien's published personal letters, the author took the hobbit's name from the Birmingham colloquialism for cotton wool; the soft and dry Gamgee Tissue having become widely relied upon in European medicine following its success in combating infection during the Crimean War, in which Gamgee tended the battlefield wounded in his hospital in Malta.
Dr Joseph Sampson Gamgee was the Birmingham surgeon who invented cotton wool, known as the 'Gamgee tissue'.
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