This could be the consequence of drifting zooplankton produced through interactions between the Humboldt Current System flowing northward (Escribano et al., 2002) and the action of two rotations caused by
geostrophic circulation and daytime tides, which permits water originating from Tongoy Bay to move northward (Acuna et al., 1989).
They proposed a two-step character of frontogenesis where, first,
geostrophic deformation increases the temperature gradients in the growing baroclinic wave and, second, the ageostrophic frontal circulation strongly amplifies this gradient (Hoskins and Bretherton 1972).
The 21st century Argo (Array for Real-time
Geostrophic Oceanography) observing network is very important for global ocean climate studies.
The slow component is in
geostrophic balance and it is dependent only on the steric part of horizontal pressure, which is deduced from the temperature (T) and salinity (S) fields, which are the control variables of the system.
However, a large-scale pattern of moderate anticyclonic conditions may be more conductive to low winds than strong SLP values because
geostrophic winds are due to pressure gradients and not pressure itself.
Caption: Figure 7: (a) 0-h RUC forecast cross-section of normal isotachs (solid black [greater than or equal to] 30 m [s.sup-1] [60kt]), relative humidity (green shading [greater than or equal to] 70%), omega (dashed red negative, [mu] b [s.sup-1]), and a
geostrophic circulation (blue vectors), valid at 1800 UTC 11 January 2004; (b) As in Figure 7(a), except valid at 2100 UTC 11 January 2004; (c) As in Figure 7(a), except valid at 0000 UTC 12 January 2004; (d) As in Figure 7(a), except valid at 0300 UTC 12 January 2004; (e) As in Figure 7(a), except valid at 0600 UTC 12 January 2004
Available global estimates for the energy conversion rate from
geostrophic flows into internal lee waves range from 0.2 to 0.75 TW and highlight a prominent role of the Southern Ocean (Bell 1975; Nikurashin and Ferrari 2011; Scott et al.
Ones also introduce physical constraints or balances to improve the assimilation performance, such as the
geostrophic balance [4, 5], the temperature-salinity (T-S) relationship (e.g., [6-9]), and total heat content and salt content conservation in ocean data assimilation (ODA) [10-12].
Associated with this extreme life history pattern, ommastrephids tend to combine extended spawning seasons, long reproductive migrations, and the passive transport of offspring by surface
geostrophic currents to produce both seasonal and geographic population units (stocks); this complex structure is regarded as an evolutionary strategy to minimize the risks of semelparity (O'Dor, 1998).
Such insets include the vertical profile ofwind speed (kt; inset B), 100-mb-layer (1 mb = 1 hPa) inferred
geostrophic temperature advection (inset C), equivalent potential temperature ([[theta].sub.e], in K; inset F), and storm-relative winds (SRW, in kt; inset G).
The zonal index is calculated by taking the height at 40[degrees]N and subtracting the height at 60[degrees]N along a longitude line at 500 hPa, which is proportional to the
geostrophic wind.
The presence of these structures is visualized in the satellite images of SSH and
geostrophic currents.
