The testis was delivered and the
gubernaculum testis was clamped or cut off.
Gubernaculum present, the same size as the spicule and polymorphic.
The hypo-echoic appearance of each scrotal compartment relates to the presence of the adjacent
gubernaculum testis.
In the closed ring variant, the processus vaginalis does not develop, the
gubernaculum is absent, and the internal ring is closed.
Embryologically, it is the female equivalent of the
gubernaculum testis.
The following morphometric data were analyzed: L, total body length; MBW, maximum body width; ABW, analbody width; VBW, vulval-body width; EP, distance from anterior end to excretory pore; ES, distance from anterior end to base of esophagus; GuL,
gubernaculum length; GuW,
gubernaculum width; NR, nerve-ring position; STL, stoma length; STW, stoma width; SpL, spicule length; SpW, spicule width; TL, tail length, TRL, testis-reflection length; D, EP/ ES; E, EP/TL; GS, GuL/SpL; V%, (L/length to vagina) x 100.
(2003) suggest length in IJs, and spicule and
gubernaculum length and shape in males as ones that should be considered.
The left testes in the scrotal space, together with the tunica vaginalis and spermatic cord, were separated from the
gubernaculum with blunt dissection and removed/ exposed.
Two possible mechanisms may underlie the association between exposure to specific PBDEs and cryptorchidism: a) competition at the androgen receptor level, to block the effects of endogenous androgens (e.g., in the
gubernaculum muscle or inguinoscrotal fat pad) (Barthold et al.
Neonatal torsion is the result of inadequate fixation of the
gubernaculum, the structure that leads the testis into the scrotum during testicular descent and anchors the testis to the inferior aspect of the scrotum (Basta et al., 2015; Sharp et al., 2013).
(1) However, in the case of yolk sac tumor primary in the vulva, misplaced/aberrant germ cell migration along the
gubernaculum is the leading hypothesis.