harden

hard·en

 (här′dn)

v. hard·ened, hard·en·ing, hard·ens

v.tr.

1. To make hard or harder: harden steel.

2. To enable to withstand physical or mental hardship: was hardened by years of working as a farmer.

3. To make unfeeling, unsympathetic, or callous: The betrayal hardened his heart against intimacy.

4. To make fixed, settled, or less subject to change: "The incident only hardened existing attitudes while vanquishing any hope of collaboration" (Philip Dray).

5. To make less vulnerable to attack by surrounding with earth or concrete: harden missile silos.

v.intr.

1. To become hard or harder.

2. To become fixed, settled, or less subject to change: "Her early skepticism has hardened into cynicism" (Kelly Braffet).

3. To become inured.

4. To take on a disapproving or severe appearance: His face hardened with suspicion.

5. To rise and become stable. Used of prices.

Synonyms: harden, acclimate, acclimatize, season, toughen
These verbs mean to make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure: was hardened to frontier life; is acclimated to the tropical heat; was acclimatized by long hours to overwork; became seasoned to life in prison; has become toughened by adversity.

harden

(ˈhɑːdən)

vb

1. to make or become hard or harder; freeze, stiffen, or set

2. to make or become more hardy, tough, or unfeeling

3. to make or become stronger or firmer: they hardened defences.

4. to make or become more resolute or set: hardened in his resolve.

5. (Commerce) (intr) commerce

a. (of prices, a market, etc) to cease to fluctuate

b. (of price) to rise higher

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harden

(ˈhɑːdən)

n

(Textiles) a rough fabric made from hards

hard•en

(ˈhɑr dn)

v.t.

1. to make hard or harder.

2. to make pitiless or unfeeling: to harden one's heart.

3. to make rigid, hardy, or unyielding; reinforce; toughen.

4. to reinforce (a military or strategic installation) as protection against nuclear bombardment.

v.i.

5. to become hard or harder.

6. to become pitiless or unfeeling.

7. to become inured or unyielding.

[1150–1200]

hard′en•a•ble, adj.

harden

Past participle: hardened
Gerund: hardening

Imperative

harden

harden

Thesaurus

Verb	1.	harden - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened" indurate change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night" encrust, incrust - form a crust or a hard layer callus - form a callus or calluses; "His foot callused" harden, indurate - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter" calcify - become impregnated with calcium salts cure - make (substances) hard and improve their usability; "cure resin"; "cure cement"; "cure soap" soften - become soft or softer; "The bread will soften if you pour some liquid on it"
	2.	harden - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter" indurate change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night" face-harden - harden steel by adding carbon callus - cause a callus to form on; "The long march had callused his feet" anneal, temper, normalize - bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling; "temper glass" harden, indurate - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened" soften - make soft or softer; "This liquid will soften your laundry"
	3.	harden - harden by reheating and cooling in oil; "temper steel" temper modify - make less severe or harsh or extreme; "please modify this letter to make it more polite"; "he modified his views on same-gender marriage"
	4.	harden - make fit; "This trip will season even the hardiest traveller" season toughen - make tough or tougher; "This experience will toughen her"
	5.	harden - cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate; "He was inured to the cold" inure, indurate callous, cauterise, cauterize - make insensitive or callous; deaden feelings or morals brace oneself for, prepare for, steel oneself against, steel onself for - prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant accustom, habituate - make psychologically or physically used (to something); "She became habituated to the background music"

harden

verb

1. solidify, set, freeze, cake, bake, clot, thicken, stiffen, crystallize, congeal, coagulate, anneal Mould the mixture into shape before it hardens.

2. accustom, season, toughen, train, brutalize, inure, habituate, case-harden hardened by the rigours of the Siberian steppes

3. reinforce, strengthen, fortify, steel, nerve, brace, toughen, buttress, gird, indurate Their action can only serve to harden the attitude of landowners.

harden

verb

1. To make or become physically hard:

cake, concrete, congeal, dry, indurate, petrify, set, solidify.

2. To make firmer in a particular conviction or habit:

confirm, fortify, strengthen.

3. To make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure:

acclimate, acclimatize, caseharden, indurate, season, toughen.

Translations

يَصْلَبُّ، يُصْبِحُ جامِدا

tvrdnoutvytvrditzatvrditzatvrdit seztuhnout

blive hård

aushärtenerhärtenhärtenversteifen

σκληρύνω

endurecerendurecerse

durcirendurcirtremper

harîna; herîa

indurireirrigidirerendere insensibiletemprarefortificare

bli hardgjøre hard

затвердетьожесточиться

tvrdnúťzatvrdiť sa

strditi se

sertleş mek

使变硬

harden

[ˈhɑːdn]

A. VT

1. (= make hard) [+ substance] → endurecer; [+ steel] → templar; [+ skin] → curtir, endurecer

2. (= make tough, harsh) → endurecer
the experience had hardened her → la experiencia la había endurecido
to harden sb to adversity → acostumbrar a algn a hacerse fuerte ante la adversidad
to harden one's heart years of putting up with his violent outbursts had hardened her heart → después de años de sufrir sus arranques de violencia se le había endurecido el corazón
she hardened her heart and refused to have him back → hizo de tripas corazón or se hizo fuerte y se negó a aceptarlo de nuevo

3. (= make determined) these experiences hardened her resolve → estas experiencias la afianzaron en su propósito
the workers' behaviour only served to harden the attitude of the managers → el comportamiento de los obreros sólo contribuyó a reforzar la actitud de la dirección

4. (Comm) (= stabilize) → estabilizar, consolidar

B. VI

1. (= become hard) [clay, arteries, icing] → endurecerse; [cement] → fraguar

2. (= become harsh, severe) [person, expression, eyes] → endurecerse
his voice hardened → el tono de su voz se endureció → adoptó un tono más áspero
my heart hardened against her → mi corazón se volvió contra ella
what happened only caused him to harden in his determination to continue → lo que sucedió sólo le afianzó más en su propósito de seguir

3. (Comm) (= stabilize) [prices, economy] → estabilizarse, consolidarse

harden

[ˈhɑː^rd^ən]

vt

[+ substance] → durcir; [+ steel] → tremper

(= make tougher) [+ person] → endurcir; [+ attitude, position, resolve] → consolider; [+ position, stance] → durcir
to harden one's heart → s'endurcir

vi

[substance] → durcir

[attitude, position, resolve] → se durcir; [face, expression] → se durcir

harden

vt steel → härten; body, muscles → kräftigen, stählen (geh); person (physically) → abhärten; (emotionally) → verhärten (pej), → abstumpfen (pej); clay → hart werden lassen; this hardened his attitude → dadurch hat sich seine Haltung verhärtet; to harden oneself to something (physically) → sich gegen etw abhärten; (emotionally) → gegen etw unempfindlich werden; war had hardened the soldiers to death and killing → der Krieg hatte die Soldaten gegen den Tod und das Töten abgestumpft; to harden one’s heart against somebody → sein Herz gegen jdn verhärten (geh) ? hardened

vi (substance) → hart werden; (fig, attitude) → sich verhärten; (St Ex: = cease to fluctuate) → sich festigen, sich stabilisieren; (= rise) → anziehen; his voice hardened → seine Stimme wurde hart or bekam einen harten Klang; his eyes/face hardened → seine Augen bekamen/sein Gesicht bekam einen harten Ausdruck

harden

[ˈhɑːdn]

1. vt (gen) → indurire; (steel) → temprare (fig) (determination) → rafforzare
to harden one's heart → non lasciarsi commuovere

2. vi (substance) → indurirsi

hard

(haːd) adjective

1. firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc. The ground is too hard to dig. hard قاسٍ твърд duro tvrdý hart hård σκληρός, στέρεοςduro; sólido kõva سفت kova durקשה कठोर tvr kemény keras harður duro 堅い 단단한 kietas ciets keras hard, stevighard, fasttwardy کلک duro tare твёрдый tvrdý trd trvd hård แข็ง sert, katı 堅硬的 твердий سخت cứng rắn 硬的

2. not easy to do, learn, solve etc. Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please. moeilik صَعْب труден difícil nesnadný schwer, schwierig svær δύσκολοςdifícil raske دشوار vaikea difficileקשה कठिन težak nehéz sulit erfiður difficile 難しい 어려운 sunkus Viņam grūti izpatikt. sukar moeilijkvanskeligtrudny کلک difícil dificil трудный ťažký težek težak svår ที่ต้องใช้ความพยายามมาก zor, güç 困難的 важкий, тяжкий مشکل khó 困难的

3. not feeling or showing kindness. a hard master. streng, hardvogtig قاسٍ ، لا يُظْهِرُ مشاعر ودِّيَّهً суров duro přísný hart hård; streng σκληρός, ασυγκίνητοςsevero; rudo; seco karm سختگير kova durקפדן निष्ठुर neumoljiv, strog rideg bengis strangur duro 無情な 무정한 griežtas, kietas bargs; stingrs tegas hardstrengsurowy کلک نیول duro dur строгий prísny trd žestok hård[hjärtad], sträng ไม่มีความเมตตา sert, acımasız 冷酷的 суворий ظالم nghiêm khắc 冷酷的

4. (of weather) severe. a hard winter. swaar شَديد، قارِس суров violento tuhý streng hård; streng βαρύςduro, severo, riguroso vali سخت و ناگوار ankara rigoureuxקשה दुष्कर oštar, hladan zord ganas, keras harður, erfiður duro, rigido きびしい (날씨가) 험악한 atšiaurus (par laika apstākļiem) bargs teruk strenghard, strengsrogi سخت،ګران violento aspru суровый drsný oster oštar hård, sträng, svår (อากาศ) รุนแรง sıkıntılı 惡劣的 суворий شدید khắc nghiệt 恶劣的

5. having or causing suffering. a hard life; hard times. hard, moeilik صَعب، ُمسبب للمِعاناة труден duro těžký hart hård; vanskelig δύσκολοςduro, difícil raske طاقت فرسا kova difficile זְמִניים קָשִים कठोर težak, naporan nehéz sulit þungbær, erfiður difficile, duro つらい (생활 등이) 견디기 힘든 sunkus grūts; smags susah hard, zwaar, moeilijkhard, vanskeligciężki طاقت راښكونكي duro greu тяжёлый ťažký težek težak hård เต็มไปด้วยปัญหา zor, güç 辛苦的 сповнений труднощів і нестатків دشوار gian khổ 艰难的

6. (of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added. The water is hard in this part of the country. hard, brak مليء بالأملاح твърд pesada tvrdý hart hård σκληρόςdura kare آهکی؛ سخت kova dur מַיִם קָשִים खारा tvrda (voda) kemény keras kalkríkur, harður duro 硬質の (물이) 경질(硬質)인 kietas (par ūdeni) ciets liat hardhard, kalkrik twarda (o wodzie) کلک،سخت pesada dur жёсткий tvrdý trd tvrd hårt [vatten] ความกระด้างของน้ำ sert, kireçli, acı 硬水 твердий کھارا پانا cứng (nước) 硬水

adverb

1. with great effort. He works very hard; Think hard. hard بِشِدّه، بِصُعوبَه трудно esforçadamente usilovně hart hårdt σκληράduro, con ahínco kõvasti شديد kovasti dur, sérieusement בְּמַאֲמָץ कठिन jako, naporno komolyan, erősen, keményen keras af fremsta megni, mikið sodo; attentamente 一生けん命に 열심히 sunkiai, smarkiai, daug grūti; smagi; cītīgi keras hard werken, hard nadenken hardt, flittigciężko شدید esforçadamente din greu; serios усердно usilovne hudo, trdo, dobro naporno hårt, ordentligt ขยัน çok fazla 努力地 наполегливо, енергійно بڑی جد و جہد سے chăm chỉ 努力地

2. with great force; heavily. Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard. hard بِقُوَّه، بِقَسْوَه силно violentamente silně, hodně stark hårdt δυνατάfuerte, fuertemente kõvasti محكم kovasti fort, à verse בְּאוֹפן קָשֶה सख्त jako erősen keras ákaflega; fast, hart forte 激しく 세게 smarkiai stipri; spēcīgi kuat hard, zwaarhardt, tungtmocno کلک violentamente tare сильно silno močno jako hårt, häftigt โดยแรง şiddetle, kuvvetle 猛力地 сильно زور سے، طاقت سے mạnh; nặng 猛烈的，重重地

3. with great attention. He stared hard at the man. strak بانتباهٍ شديد внимателно fixamente upřeně anstarren hårdt; strengt επίμοναfijamente tähelepanelikult عمیقاً tiiviisti fixement בֶּקֶשב רָב घूरना uporno, ustrajno feszülten terpusat hvasst, fast intensamente じっと 빤히, 뚫어지게 įdėmiai cieši mendalam met grote aandacht skarpt, strengt, stivt uważnie عميقا،په زوره توګه fixamente fix упорно uprene nepremično pažljivo hårt, stint อย่างเอาจริงเอาจัง büyük dikkatle 極專注地 пильно پوری توجہ سے tập trung 极专注地，紧紧地

4. to the full extent; completely. The car turned hard right. skerp كُلِّيّا напълно totalmente úplně, zcela sehr skarpt εντελώςcompletamente, totalmente täielikult کاملاً kokonaan à droite toute ככל האפשר पूरा naglo, potpuno teljesen tajam algerlega totalmente 完全に 극도로 tiesiai tuvu klāt sepenuhnya helemaalskarptzupełnie, całkiem پوره،کاملأ totalmente cu totul круто úplne popolnoma sasvim hårt, häftigt, våldsamt อย่างสมบูรณ์แบบ tam 完全地 повністю بالکل hoàn toàn 完全地

ˈharden verb

to make or become hard. Don't touch the toffee till it hardens; Try not to harden your heart against him. verhard, hard maak يَصْلَبُّ، يُصْبِحُ جامِدا втвърдявам endurecer tvrdnout; zatvrdit erhärten blive hård σκληραίνωendurecer kõvaks minema, kõvaks tegema سفت شدن kovettua durcir לְהִתקַשוֹת, לְהַקשוֹת सख्त करना otvrdnuti, okorjeti (meg)keményít mengeras(kan) harðna; herða indurire, diventare insensibile 堅くする 단단하게 하다 sukietėti, sukietinti sacietēt; nocietināt (sirdi) mengeraskan harden gjøre/bli hard, herdestwardnieć, utwardzać كلكول، سختول لكېدل ، سختېدل endurecer a (se) întări затвердевать; ожесточаться tvrdnúť; zatvrdiť sa strditi (se), utrditi stvrdnuti hårdna, förhärda [sig] ทำให้แข็ง; ทำให้ใจแข็ง sertleş(tir)mek (使)變硬 ставати твердим, тверднути سخت ہو جانا یا کرنا trở nên cứng rắn, mạnh mẽ 使变硬

ˈhardness noun

hardheid صُعوبَه، صلابَه، قَسْوَه твърдост dureza tvrdost die Härte hårdhed; strenghed σκληρότηταdureza, firmeza karmus سختی kovuus duretéקושי कड़ापन tvrdoca, okrutnost keménység kekerasan harka durezza 堅さ 단단함 kietumas, sunkumas cietība; grūtums; smagums; bargums kekerasan hardheidhardhet; strenghetwytrzymałość, odporność كلكوالى dureza duritate твердость; жесткость tvrdosť trdota stvrdnutost hårdhet ความแข็ง sertlik, katılık 硬度 твердість; міцність سختی sự cứng rắn 硬度

ˈhardship noun

(something which causes) pain, suffering etc. a life full of hardship. teenspoed, swaarkry صُعوبَة، ألَم، مُعاناه мъка dureza utrpení die Mühsal modgang κακουχίαapuro; infortunio; prueba; privación viletsus مشقت vastoinkäyminen épreuveקושי कठिनाई, विपत्ति teškoca, nevolja nehézség kesulitan erfiðleikar, hrakningar stento 苦難 고난, 역경 sunkumai grūtības kesusahan lijdenlidelser, strabaser, motgangtrud, niedostatek ستونځه، مشكلات، ربړه،سختى dureza în­cer­cări; greutăţi невзгоды utrpenie stiska, trpljenje tegoba vedermöda, strapats, umbärande ความทุกข์ยาก zorluk (造成)痛苦、磨難 труднощі, нужда پریشانیاں sự gian khổ 苦难

ˈhard-and-fast adjective

(of rules) that can never be changed or ignored. vas, bindend بإحْكام، لا يُمْكِن تَجاهُلُه вечен inflexível striktní starr ufravigelig άκαμπτος, απαρέγκλιτος definitivo, irrevocable range سفت و سخت tiukka strict כְּלָלִים נוּקשִׁים पक्का ustaljeno (pravilo) szigorú pasti ósveigjanlegur ferreo, rigido 厳重な 변경을 허락치 않는 tvirtai nustatytas, griežtas (par likumu) negrozāms peraturan yang boleh diabaikan vuurvast, ijzeren unyansert, fast nienaruszalny سخت inflexível strict неукоснительный pevný, záväzný trden nepromenljiv fastslagen, järnhård, orubblig (กฎ) ตายตัว değişmez, katı (規定)不容變通的 раз і назавжди встановлений معیّن cứng rắn, chặt chẽ 不容变通的

ˈhard-back noun

a book with a hard cover. Hard-backs are more expensive than paperbacks. hardeband غِلاف قاسٍ أو مُقَوّى твърда корица livro encadernado vázaná kniha fester Einband indbundet bog δεμένο βιβλίο de tapas duras kõvade kaantega raamat كتاب با جلد زخيم kovakantinen kirja livre relié כְּרִיכָה קָשָה कड़े कवर वाली पुस्तक knjiga u tvrdom uvezu kemény kötésű sampul keras innbundinn bók (í stinn spjöld) (libro con copertina rigida) 堅表紙の 표지가 단단한 책 knyga kietais viršeliais (cietos vākos) iesieta grāmata buku berkulit keras harde omslag, harde cover innbundet bok książka w twardej oprawie د زخيم جلد لرونكي كتاب livro encadernado carte/volum cartonat(ă) книга в твёрдом переплёте kniha v tvrdej väzbe knjiga v trdi vezavi tvrd povez inbunden bok หนังสือปกแข็ง ciltli kitap 精裝本 книга в твердій палітурці مجلد کتاب sách bìa cứng 硬书皮的书，精装书

ˌhard-ˈboiled adjective

(of eggs) boiled until the white and the yolk are solid. hardgekook مَسْلوق جَيدا твърдосварен duro natvrdo hartgekocht hårdkogt σφιχτοβρασμένος duro, cocido kõvaks keedetud سفت شده kovaksikeitetty dur בֵּיצָה קָשָה उबला हुआ tvrdo kuhan (jaje) kemény (tojás) matang harðsoðinn sodo 堅ゆでの (계란 등이) 단단하게 삶은 kietai virtas (par olu) cieti novārīta telur masak hardgekookthardkokt (ugotowany) na twardo سختول duro (ou fiert) tare сваренный вкрутую natvrdo trdo kuhan tvrdo kuvan hårdkokt (ไข่) ต้มสุก lop, katı (雞蛋)完全煮熟的 крутий پوری طرح ابلا انڈا luộc chín (trứng) （鸡蛋）煮得老的

hardˈdisk noun

a device that is fixed inside a computer and is used for storing information. hardeskyf القُرص الصَّلْب في الكومبيوتر твърд диск disco rígido hard disk, pevný disk der Harddisk harddisk σκληρός δίσκοςdisco duro kõvaketas حافظه ثابت kiintolevy disque dur דִיסְק קָשִיח कंप्यूटर हार्ड डिस्क जिसमें कंप्यूटर में डाटा सेव होता है या करते हैं hard-disk merevlemez hard disk disco rigido*, hard disk ハードディスク 하드 디스크 kietasis diskas cietais disks cakera keras harddisk harddisk هارددسک жёсткий диск pevný disk trdi disk hard disk hårddisk จานแม่เหล็กเก็บข้อมูลของคอมพิวเตอร์ disk, sabit disk 硬碟 твердий диск بڑے گھیر کی مقناطیسی قرص یا تھالی جس میں زیادہ معلومات ذخیرہ ہو سکیں đĩa cứng 硬盘

ˈhard-earned adjective

earned by hard work or with difficulty. I deserve every penny of my hard-earned wages. swaar verdiende مُكْتَسَب بِالعَمَل الصَّعْب спечелен с труд ganho a custo těžce zasloužený hart verdient hårdt tjent αποκτημένος με κόπο ganado con el sudor de la frente ränga tööga teenitud به زحمت كسب شده kovalla työllä ansaittu bien mérité עָמַל רַב परिश्रम का धन teško zaraden nehezen megkeresett hasil kerja keras sem e-r hefur unnið til (guadagnato con grande fatica) 苦心して得た 애써서 얻은 sunkiai uždirbtas grūti nopelnīts hasil kerja keras zuurverdiendsurt ervervet, dyrekjøpt ciężko zapracowany په زحمت کی نیول ganho a custo câştigat cu greu с трудом заработанный ťažko zarobený težko zaslužen teško zarađen surt (med möda) förtjänad ทำงานหนัก zorlukla kazanılmış 辛苦掙得的 зароблений тяжкою працею مہنت کی کمائی kiếm được một cách khó khăn 辛苦挣得的

ˌhard-ˈheaded adjective

practical; shrewd; not influenced by emotion. a hard-headed businessman. nugter, prakties عَنيد الرأي، صَلْب، غَير عاطِفي практичен pragmático praktický, věcný, realistický nüchtern nøgtern πρακτικός, χωρίς ευαισθησίες práctico, realista kaine mõistusega سر سخت kylmäpäinen pratiqueעקשן शातिर realistican, praktican, nesentimentalan gyakorlatias pintar, keras kepala harðskeyttur, séður pratico 実際的な 완고한 blaivaus proto, praktiškas, dalykiškas praktisks; lietišķs berjiwa kental hardpraktisk, sta, stritrzeźwy, praktyczny, wyrachowany سر سخت prático practic; pragmatic практичный rozumný; vecný; triezvy praktičen, razumarski trezven praktisk, förslagen, nyktert tänkande ฉลาด duygularına kapılmayan 講求實際的，精明的，不感情用事的 практичний, тверезий عمل سے نہ کہ جذبات سے کام لینے والا، شاطر thực tế 讲实际的，头脑冷静的

ˌhard-ˈhearted adjective

not feeling or showing pity or kindness. a hard-hearted employer. hardvogtig, verhard قاسي القَلْب коравосърдечен insensível nemilosrdný hartherzig hårdhjertet σκληρός, σκληρόκαρδος de corazón duro como una piedra, insensible kõva südamega سنگدل kovasydäminen impitoyableקשוח निर्दयी tvrda srca, okrutan kemény szívű kejam harðbrjósta insensibile, spietato 無情な 무정한 kietaširdis cietsirdīgs; nežēlīgs tiada belas kasihan hardvochtighardhjertetbezwzględny په زړه كلك،په زړه سخت، بې زړه سو يه insensível nemilos жестокосердный nemilosrdný, bezcitný trdosrčen bezdušan hårdhjärtad ดันทุรัง katı kalpli, kalpsiz 冷酷的 безсердечний; черствий سخت دل، ظالم cứng rắn 冷酷的

ˈhardware noun

1. metal goods such as pots, tools etc. This shop sells hardware. hardeware, ysterware أدوات مَعدَنيَّه، أسْلِحَه железария ferragens železářské zboží die Eisenwaren isenkram είδη κιγκαλερίας ferretería rauakaup ظروف فلزي rautatavara quincaillerie כֵּלי בָּיִת וְגָן लोहे का सामान željezna roba, željezarija vasáru barang-barang dari logam járnvara ferramenta, articoli di ferro 金物類 금속 제품 metalo dirbiniai dzelzs izstrādājumi; saimniecības preces perkakasan hardwarejernvarer towary żelazne فلزی ظروف ferragens (articol de) fierărie скобяные изделия železiarsky tovar železnina; strojna oprema gvožđarija järn-, metall-, smidesvaror เครื่องมือที่ทำด้วยเหล็ก hırdavat, madenî eşya 五金 металеві вироби دھات کے اوزار یا گھریلو سامان đồ ngũ kim 金属器具

2. the mechanical parts of a computer. apparatuur الأجزاء الميكانيكيّه في الكومبيوتر، جِسْم الكومبيوتر хардуер hardware hardware die Hardware hardware εξαρτήματα Η/Υ hardware, soporte físico riistvara سخت افزار laitteisto hardware חוֹמְרָה कंप्यूटर के पाटर्स hardver, tehnicka oprema kompjutera hardver hardware, perangkat keras hardware （コンピューターの）機器 하드웨어 techninė kompiuterio įranga (datora) aparatūra perkakasan hardwaremaskinvare sprzęt komputerowy هاردویر аппаратное обеспечение technické vybavenie (počítača) železnina; strojna oprema hardver hårdvara อุปกรณ์คอมพิวเตอร์ donanım 電腦硬體 апаратура کمپیوٹر کے کل پرزے phần cứng （电脑的）硬件

ˌhard-ˈwearing adjective

that will not wear out easily. a hard-wearing fabric. sterk, duursaam لا يَبْلى بِسُهولَه траен resistente trvanlivý zermürbend slidstærk ανθεκτικόςresistente vastupidav بادوام kulutusta kestävä solideעמיד टिकाऊ izdržljiv (materijal) tartós awet endingargóður, slitþolinn resistente 長持ちする 쉽게 닳지 않는 patvarus, gerai dėvimas ilgi valkājams tidak mudah koyak stevig, solide, bestand tegen slijt slitesterk, solidmocny, odporny na zużycie مقاوم resistente rezistent ноский trvanlivý odporen trajan slitstark (ผ้า) เนื้อหยาบ kolay eskimez 耐磨損的 зносостійкий پائیدار ، مضبوط ، بہت چلنے والا bền 耐磨损的

be hard on

1. to punish or criticize severely. Don't be too hard on the boy – he's too young to know that he was doing wrong. streng/straf behandel يُعاقِب أو يَنْتَقِد بِقَسْوَه наказвам сурово ser duro com být tvrdý na streng behandeln være hård ved είμαι αυστηρός απέναντι σε κπ., τιμωρώ ser duro/severo con karm olema با خشونت رفتار کردن olla ankara être dur avec לְהַחמִיר עִם कठोरता दिखाना biti prestrog prema nekomu szigorú (vkivel) keras vera strangur við essere duro con つらく当たる 심하게 벌주다 būti griežtam su sodīt; kritizēt tegas zwaar straffen; streng bekritiseren; iemand hard vallen være hard/slem mot być surowym dla په خشونت کی رفتار کول ser duro com a fi dur cu быть слишком строгим byť tvrdý na biti strog z biti surov vara hård mot กระทำรุนแรงกับ acımasızlık etmek, insafsız/zalim olmak 嚴厲懲罰或批評 суворий до кого سختی سے سزا دینے phạt hoặc chỉ trích nghiêm khắc 过分严厉地对待某人

2. to be unfair to. If you punish all the children for the broken window it's a bit hard on those who had nothing to do with it. hard, onregverdig يَقْسو عَلى، يُعامِل بِقَسْوَه не съм справедлив ser injusto být nespravedlivý k ungerecht behandeln uretfærdig είμαι άδικος για ser injusto con ebaõiglane olema غیرمنصفانه بودن olla epäreilu injuste envers לִהיוֹת לֹא הוֹגֶן כְּלָפֵּי जुल्म ne biti fer igazságtalan tidak adil ósanngjarn essere ingiusto con きびしすぎる 모질게 굴다 būti neteisingam kieno nors atžvilgiu būt netaisnam tidak adil onrechtvaardig zijn tegen skjære alle over én kam być niesprawiedliwym w stosunku do بی انصافی ser injusto a fi nedrept cu быть несправедливым byť nespravodlivý k biti krivično do ne biti fer vara hårt mot ทำโทษ; ติเตียน insafsızlık etmek 不公平地對待 несправедливий до кого نا انصافی کرنا không công bằng 不公平地对待

hard at it

busy doing (something). I've been hard at it all day, trying to get this report finished. werk hard daaraan مَشْغول جِداً зает atarefado zapřažený sich abrackern være travl ριγμένος με τα μούτρα (στη δουλειά) liado/ocupado/atareado con algo tööhoos سخت مشغول كاري بودن työskennellä tiiviisti attelé à (qqch.) לַעֲבוֹד קָשֶה व्यस्त रहना naporno raditi keményen (csinál vmit) sibuk vera á fullu lavorato sodo 精を出して 전념하다 sunkiai, neatsitraukiant dirbantis aizņemts (kaut ko darot) sibuk melakukan sesuatu hard bezig zijn (arbeide) hardt/flittig ciężko pracujący, zapracowany په يوه كار باندي سخت مصروفيدل atarefado ocupat cu ceva усердно трудиться zaneprázdnený vprežen v (delo) zauzet slita hårt med ไม่ว่าง harıl harıl çalışarak, tüm gücüyle çalışarak 忙著做(某事) зайнятий کسی چیز میں مشغول ہونا bận bịu 忙于作（某事）

hard done by

unfairly treated. You should complain to the headmaster if you feel hard done by. word stief behandel مُعامَل مُعامَلَةً غَيْر عادِلَه несправедливо третиран injustiçado ukřivděný špatným zacházením ungerecht behandeln uretfærdigt behandlet αδικημένος, ριγμένος tratado injustamente ülekohut kannatama ناعادلانه برخود شده kaltoin kohdeltu injustement traité עוֹבֵד קָשֶה מִדָי अनुचित व्यवहार करना biti zakinut igazságtalanul bánnak vkivel diperlakukan tidak adil sem illa er komið fram við trattato ingiustamente 不当に扱われて 부당하게 대우하는 nuskriaustas [] netaisnu izturēšanos diperlakukan dengan tidak adil onrechtvaardig behandeld urettferdig behandlet niesprawiedliwie potraktowany په درغلۍ،په بياوۍ injustiçado tratat incorect/nedrept обделённый zle zaobchádzať s nepravilno obravnavan nefer tretiran orättvist behandlad กระทำโดยมิชอบ haksızlığa uğrama, haksızlık edilme 受到不公平對待 такий, що зазнає несправедливого ставлення نا انصافی کرنا bị đối xử không công bằng 受到不公平对待

hard lines/luck

bad luck. Hard lines/luck! I'm afraid you haven't won this time; It's hard luck that he broke his leg. 'n jammerte حَظٌّ سَيِّء лош късмет azar smůla Pech! bare ærgerligt ατυχίαmala suerte, mala pata ei vedanud بد شانسی huono onni pas de chance מָזַל בִּיש बदकिस्मती zla sreca, peh balszerencse sial óheppni sfortuna 不運 참 안됐다 gaila, nepasisekė neveiksme nasib tidak baik pech, ongelukmotgang, dårlig lykkepech بد بخت azar невезенье smola zla usoda, smola loša sreća hårda bud โชคร้าย şanssızlık, talihsizlik 運氣不好 тяжка доля خراب قسمت thật không may 坏运气

hard of hearing

rather deaf. He is a bit hard of hearing now. hardhorend wees ثَقيل السَّمَع глух surdo nedoslýchavý schwerhörig halvdøv; tunghør βαρήκοοςduro de oído kõva kuulmisega تقریباً کر huonokuuloinen dur d'oreille כְּבָד שְׁמִיעָה कम सुनना nagluh nagyothalló agak tuli heyrnarskertur, heyrir illa duro d'orecchi 耳が遠い 귀가 어두운 neprigirdintis pakurls hampir pekak hardhorendtunghørt przygłuchawy كوڼ duro de ouvido tare de ureche тугоухий nahluchlý naglušen gluv lomhörd ไม่ค่อยได้ยิน ağır işiten 幾乎沒有聽力 глухуватий بہراپن، اونچا سننا nặng tai 听觉不灵的，有点耳聋的

a hard time (of it)

trouble, difficulty, worry etc. The audience gave the speaker a hard time of it at the meeting; The speaker had a hard time (of it) trying to make himself heard. 'n moeilike tyd, 'n swaar tyd مَتاعِب، وَقْتٌ صَعْب проблем momentos difíceis krušné chvíle; potíže schwere Zeit problemer δυσκολίες, βάσανα un mal rato raskustes مشکل؛ نگرانی hankaluudet du fil à retordre קושי मुश्किल teškoce (neugodnosti), teška vremena „megpróbáltatás” kesulitan í erfiðleikum, eiga erfitt (del filo da torcere) つらいめ 곤욕 rūpesčiai, sunkumai grūtības; raizes sukar het moeilijk maken voor; iemand moeilijk vallen vanskelighet, trøbbel przeprawa, trudności z استونځی momentos difíceis de furcă тяжёлый момент ťažkosti preglavice, težave poteškoća fullt upp เวลาที่ยาก zorluk, güçlük 麻煩，困難，煩擾 тяжкі часи پریشانیاں کھڑی کرنا gặp khó khăn 受苦，困难

hard up

not having much especially money. I'm a bit hard up at the moment; I'm hard up for envelopes. platsak wees, geldnood hê في وَضْع مادي صَعْب، لا يوجد لَدَيه مال на червено com falta de na suchu; úplně bez (peněz) knapp mit Geld etc. hårdt spændt for; i bekneb είμαι αδέκαρος, μου έχει τελειώσει κτ. estar sin blanca/sin un duro; estar casi sin algo näpud põhjas در مضيقه tiukilla avoir grand besoin בִּמצוּקָה כַּספִּית तंगी bez novaca, u financijskim neprilikama rosszul áll tidak punya í kröggum, blankur (al verde), (a corto di quattrini) 欠乏している 돈에 몹시 궁한 (kam) striuka su (pinigais) [] grūtībās memerlukan blut, bijna door iets heen zijn i pengeknipe; mangle noe być spłukanym په استونځی com muita falta de strâmtorat; lipsit de нуждающийся vo finančnej tiesni; nemať (čo) na tesnem (z denarjem) u oskudici dåligt ställt, ont om ขาดแคลนเงิน parasız, yolsuz 短缺(尤指金錢)，缺錢 в скрутному становищі پیسوں کی قلت ہونا cạn túi （钱）不多，缺钱

harden

v. endurecer, solidificar.

harden

vt, vi endurecer(se); hardened arteries arterias ateroscleróticas (form), arterias endurecidas