When a muscle is stretched, the earliest muscle contraction (e.g., 20 ms in biceps brachii) occurs due to the involuntary activation of
monosynaptic reflexes.
Transmission of input from nociceptors to spinal neurons that project to the brain is mediated by direct
monosynaptic contact or by multiple excitatory or inhibitory interneurons.
H reflex is homologous to the
monosynaptic reflex in the spinal cord, (62) which enables us to investigate the motoneuron activity in the spinal cord in humans in an awake state.
Pettersson et al., "Dexterous finger movements in primate without
monosynaptic corticomotoneuronal excitation," Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.
Roncagliolo, "Immature developmental pattern of the
monosynaptic reflex in isolated spinal cord of glial mutant taiep rats," Developmental Brain Research, vol.
Studies investigating spinal excitability, as measured by
monosynaptic reflex activity (e.g., the Hoffmann reflex or cervicomedullary-evoked potentials), have reported inconclusive results and seem largely dependent on the muscle (distal versus proximal) [10, 26, 31].
Monosynaptic Rabies Virus Reveals Premotor Network Organization and Synaptic Specificity of Cholinergic Partition Cells.
Pierrot-Deseilligny, "Sensitivity of
monosynaptic test reflexes to facilitation and inhibition as a function of the test reflex size: a study in man and the cat," Experimental Brain Research, vol.
Each CA1 was further partitioned into distal (layer size 20 x 20) and proximal (layer size 20 x 20) subdivisions that received
monosynaptic inputs from the LEC and MEC, respectively.
Electrical stimulation of the external capsule, including infralimbic mPFC inputs into the amygdala, resulted in a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptor-mediated
monosynaptic excitatory synaptic response (EPSC) in dorsomedial ITC cells and non-NMDA receptor-driven synaptic inhibition (ipse) of CeLC neurons [39].
Benzodiazepine decreases
monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes by increasing presynaptic GABA inhibition a similar action to Baclofen.
Cardoso et al., "
Monosynaptic tracing using modified rabies virus reveals early and extensive circuit integration of human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons," Stem Cell Reports, vol.
