Every electrical conductor comprises capacitance, an inductance, and a frequency-dependent
ohmic resistance. With increasing frequencies, these electrical characteristics will influence and distort the signal.
where S, P, l are, respectively, the section, [cm.sup.2], perimeter, cm, length, m; [R.sub.0] is the
ohmic resistance of steel conductor to direct current, [OMEGA]/km; [mu] is the relative magnetic permeability of steel conductor, which is determined by the curves [10], depending on the magnetic field strength H = 0.4 x [pi] x -I/P, A/cm; [[rho].sub.50] is the resistivity to direct current, [OMEGA] x [mm.sup.2]/m; I is the current in the conductor, A, [S.sub.t] is the section, [mm.sup.2].
In the processes of charging and discharging, Li-ion batteries generate large amount of heat due to the effects of
ohmic resistance, Li-ion migration and polarization phenomenon etc.
The Z'-intercept between the composition of the battery and the electrolytic resistance in the high frequency region corresponds to the
ohmic resistance ([R.sub.e]).
Closest to the current feed point, the activation polarization and
ohmic resistance polarization are the strongest.
Investigating Equations for Calculating
Ohmic Resistance. From (7), [L.sub.t], [lambda], and [sigma] are the total length, wavelength, and conductivity, respectively, of the antenna wire.
Through critical equivalent circuit model (ECM) for LIB from a relevant literature [33], the impedance was composed of
ohmic resistance ([R.sub.o]), solid electrolyte interface resistance ([R.sub.SEI]), charge transfer resistance ([R.sub.ct]), and diffusion resistance ([R.sub.f]).
Indeed, by performing EIS measurements, overall
ohmic resistance (often referred to as high-frequency resistance (HFR)) of the whole fuel cell device, charge transfer resistance related to activation polarization occurring on catalytic surface, and mass transfer resistance due to diffusive limitations arising at high current density can be obtained.
The ohmic contribution to the lowered cell performance is smaller than the electrode polarization; however, a significant increase in
ohmic resistance is still present.
EIS measurements provide, in an easy way, information about the electron-transfer rate, double-layer capacitance, contact resistance, and resistance of the solution (
ohmic resistance) [26, 27].
During culture, the surface-normalized
ohmic resistance increased by 192 [omega]*[cm.sup.2], whereas the capacitance dropped by 12.3 [micro]F/[cm.sup.2] (Fig.
ohmic resistance - a material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms