protoplast

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pro·to·plast

(prō′tə-plăst′)

A cell of a plant, fungus, bacterium, or archaeon from which the cell wall has been removed, leaving the protoplasm and plasma membrane.

[French protoplaste, from Old French, the first man, from Late Latin prōtoplastus, from Greek prōtoplastos : prōto-, proto- + plastos, formed, molded; see -plast.]

pro′to·plas′tic adj.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

protoplast

(ˈprəʊtəˌplæst)

(Biology) a unit consisting of the living parts of a cell, including the protoplasm and cell membrane but not the vacuoles or (in plants) the cell wall

[C16: from Late Latin prōtoplastus the first-formed, from Greek prōtoplastos, from proto- + plassein to shape]

ˌprotoˈplastic adj

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

pro•to•plast

(ˈproʊ təˌplæst)

n.

a. the contents of a cell within the cell membrane, considered as a fundamental entity.

b. the primordial living unit or cell.

2. a person or thing that is formed first; original; prototype.

3. the hypothetical first individual or one of the supposed first pair of a species or the like.

[1525–35; < Late Latin prōtoplastus the first man, n. use of Greek prōtóplastos formed first]

pro`to•plas′tic, adj.

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Noun

protoplast - a biological unit consisting of a nucleus and the body of cytoplasm with which it interacts

energid

cell - (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals

body part - any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity

protoplast

noun

A first form from which varieties arise or imitations are made:

archetype, father, master, original, prototype.

Translations

πρωτοπλάστης

protoplast

n (Bot) → Protoplast m

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

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References in periodicals archive ?

In the recent report group of scientists co-transformed both Cas9 protein and in-vitro SgRNA into plant protoplast and a single mutated protoplast could turn into a fertile homozygous mutant plant via protoplast regeneration without any foreign DNA integration 69.

RNA-guided genome editing tool CRISPR-Cas9: its applications and achievements in model and crop plants

In addition, comparing with other transient expression systems like protoplast transformation (Sheen 2001), gene gun mediated transformation (Schweizer et al., 1999) and microinjection (Bilang et al., 1993), agroinfiltration has the advantages that it is simple, cheap and can be exploited for intact plant leaves, hence a relative large leaf area can be transformed (Kapila et al., 1997).

Disruption of Phytoene Desaturase Gene using Transient Expression of Cas9: gRNA Complex

Genome shuffling is a useful method for rapid breeding of improved microorganisms and involves the generation of mutant strains that have an improved phenotype, followed by multiple rounds of protoplast fusion to allow recombination between genomes [7,8].

Direct ethanol production from lignocellulosic sugars and sugarcane bagasse by a recombinant Trichoderma reesei strain HJ48

Four compounds that were obtained through similarity search (Figure 3) were screened for their protoplast and antifungal properties.

Antifungal indole and pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivative peptidomimetic lead design based on in silico study of bioactive peptide families

Factors influencing protoplast isolation from Coffea arabica cells.

Biotechnology applied to the genetic improvement of coffee plant/Biotecnologia aplicada ao melhoramento genetico do cafeeiro

The discovery of role of phytohormones such as Kinetin by Skoog [10], and demonstration of totipotency of plant cells by Steward, et al., [12], auxins by Thimman & Leopold, [18], clonal propagation of orchids by Morel [55], embryo culture by Maheshwari, [62] haploids by Guha & Maheshwari, [73] protoplast isolation and fusion by Cocking [98] and Takebe, et al, [15] are the other landmarks in the development of this field.

Sunflower tissue culture

Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from protoplast culture of Muscari neglectum Guss.

EFFICIENT IN VITRO BULBLET PRODUCTION OF ENDANGERED HYACINTHELLA Micrantha (BOISS.) CHOUARD

[14] Tannins in low concentrations is capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria, while at high concentrations, tannins works as antimicrobial with how bacteria protoplast coagulation, so a stable bond formed with protein of bacteria.

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF NONI EXTRACT (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L.) ON THE GROWTH OF FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM (ATCC[R] 25586[TM]) AS AN ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL FOR ROOT CANAL IRRIGATION--AN IN-VITRO STUDY

Herbicide resistant indica rice plants from IRRI breeding lines after PEG- mediated transformation of protoplast. Plant Molecular Biology, 1992; 20, 619-692.

Expression Analysis of miRNA 164c During Rice Regeneration in Different indica Rice Genotypes

The author also studied the Cd distribution in mesophyll protoplast of leaf cells in both the hyperaccumulating plants, namely, T.