For
subatmospheric intake pressure (throttled) conditions, the efficiency was calculated from the net IMEP (four strokes) in order to capture throttling losses.
The use of
subatmospheric pressure dressings, available commercially as the VAC device, has been shown to be an effective way to accelerate healing of various wounds.
Another cooling modality that could be used in team-sports is a cooling glove (CG), which uses cold circulating water (~16[degrees]C, as set by the manufacturer to avoid vasoconstriction) in combination with negative
subatmospheric pressure (-40 mmHg) to increase blood flow to the arteriovenous anastomoses underlying the glabrous (non-hairy) palm of the hand, and in turn, cool blood returning to the core (Grahn et al., 2005).
A high velocity flow occurring downstream of the gate causes air entrainment, resulting in
subatmospheric air pressure in the conduit.
Lefebvre, "Ignition of liquid fuel spray at
subatmospheric pressure," Combustion and Flame, vol.
In general, cave air samples with
subatmospheric C[H.sub.4] (< 1.3 ppm and S[sup.13][C.sub.CH4] > -49 [per thousand], approximately) are consistent with more than 60% removal of the deep endogenous component by bacterial oxidation, i.e., 40% of remaining deep endogenous C[H.sub.4].
Elaborating on these two factors, he says: "Backsiphonage conditions exist when there is a negative or
subatmospheric pressure in the supply piping, allowing downstream substances to be siphoned into the potable water supply.
Subatmospheric gas adsorption measurements of nitrogen at 77 K and of carbon dioxide at 273 K were carried out in a Quantachrome Autosorb 6.
Argenta, "Acceleration of integra incorporation in complex tissue defects with
subatmospheric pressure," Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol.
designed a bioreactor to explore the effect of
subatmospheric pressure upon the fibroblasts and observed changed morphology, thicker appearance, and organized actin cytoskeleton of cells [19].
The device conducts
subatmospheric pressure (negative pressure) at a controlled level to the wound surface (Huang et al., 2014).