A total of 710 patients undergoing abdominal surgeries with clean contaminated wounds as per Center for disease control and prevention USA criteria (An operative wound in which the respiratory, alimentary, genital, or urinary tracts are entered under controlled conditions and without unusual contamination including appendicectomy, cholecystectomy, cesarean sections, pyelolithotomy, ureterolithotomy and vesicolithotomy) were selected for the trials.
A total of 100 patients undergoing various surgical procedures such as cholecystectomy, gynecological procedures, ureterolithotomy, and hernia of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II and of age between 20 and 50 years were included in the study after obtaining written consent from patients and approval from the ethical committee of the institution.
In one case, in which a patient undergoing transurethral ureterolithotomy had drug-resistant hypotension and bradycardia that continued for 5 min, the anesthesiologist at YCUH called the anesthesiologist at SGH to reenter the operating theatre.
The primary outcome of our analysis was the need for intervention within 30 days of presentation, defined as treatment with SWL, URS, PCNL, open ureterolithotomy, or decompression of the urinary system by ureteric stenting or nephrostomy tube placement.
Ureterolithotomy is often accepted as an ultimate means for the most difficult stone and always occupies its place although SWL, URS, and PNL have brought about the revolutionary change to the management of proximal ureteral calculi [5].
The back paranephritis is opened above them and operative reception (pelviolithotomy, ureterolithotomy, removal of kidney or adrenal gland) is executed.