Nine were related to haemorrhage requiring blood transfusion of which 2 transfusions were due to a venotomy and 2 were due to an unclamped accessory renal artery.
Another option, surgical thrombectomy, involving open groin incisions for direct venotomy, with possible adjunctive creation of an arteriovenous fistula and open abdominal incisions, was considered greater risk (4, 5).