Out of 6 patients with haemorrhagic stroke in our study, 3 patients (50%) had thalamic bleed, 2 patients (33.33%) had
basal ganglia bleed and 1 patient (16.67%) had subcortical bleed.
Brain CT and magnetic resonance (MR) in the patients showed that only patient II: 2 in Family B had a lesion in the parietal lobe, while the rest of the patients displayed bilateral symmetry in lesions located in the
basal ganglia, cerebellum, and other areas.
"In this large cohort of MS patients and healthy controls, we have reported, for the first time, iron increasing in the
basal ganglia but decreasing in thalamic structures," Zivadinov said in a statement.
Various involuntary movements, including chorea, ballism, athetosis, dystonia, and difficulty in the execution of voluntary or natural movement in parkinsonism have been described clinically, and their correlation with pathological changes in the
basal ganglia were established in the first half of the 20th century.
The clinical history of poor glycemic control, dysmetria and coordination loss within the left upper extremity together with the characteristic imaging findings of contralateral
basal ganglia hyperdensity on CT and hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging are characteristic for the diagnosis of nonketotic hyperglycemia-induced hemichorea-hemiballism (NKHH).
Depletion of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is metabolized in the brain as an energy source in NKH, in the
basal ganglia is considered the probable cause for hemiballism-hemichorea (3).
Supratentorial structures including
basal ganglia were unremarkable.
A brain-dedicated high resolution research tomograph (HRRT)-PET/7-Tesla MRI fusion system is one of the most attractive imaging tools for functional studies on the
basal ganglia, because the
basal ganglia require high spatial resolution to observe their subregions and diverse functions.
The
basal ganglia, in particular the lentiform (putamen and globus pallidus) and caudate nuclei, are the most frequently affected sites although more extensive intracerebral calcification affecting other brain parenchymal structures, as in this patient, may occur [12, 13].
Asterixis has been reported mainly after ischemic lesions of the
basal ganglia, thalamus, frontoparietal cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem, which usually cause unilateral asterixis in the arms [1, 9].
On the third day in the hospital, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed high signal intensity on DW image and well-defined rounded cystic lesion on the T2-weighted and T1-weighted images involving in the right corona radiata and
basal ganglia (Figure 3), although the lesion looks like that of an acute stroke but lately was confirmed to be early stage of cerebral abscess.
The effectiveness of the proposed method was tested by analyzing brain tissue samples (cerebellum,
basal ganglia and brain stem).