proof

proof

 (pro͞of)

n.

1. The evidence or argument that compels the mind to accept an assertion as true.

2.

a. The validation of a proposition by application of specified rules, as of induction or deduction, to assumptions, axioms, and sequentially derived conclusions.

b. A statement or argument used in such a validation.

3.

a. Convincing or persuasive demonstration: was asked for proof of his identity; an employment history that was proof of her dependability.

b. The state of being convinced or persuaded by consideration of evidence.

4. Determination of the quality of something by testing; trial: put one's beliefs to the proof.

5. Law

a. The establishment of the truth or falsity of an allegation by evidence.

b. The evidence offered in support of or in contravention of an allegation.

6. The alcoholic strength of a liquor, expressed by a number that is twice the percentage by volume of alcohol present.

7. Printing

a. A trial sheet of printed material that is made to be checked and corrected. Also called proof sheet.

b. A trial impression of a plate, stone, or block taken at any of various stages in engraving.

8.

a. A trial photographic print.

b. Any of a limited number of newly minted coins or medals struck as specimens and for collectors from a new die on a polished planchet.

9. Archaic Proven impenetrability: "I was clothed in Armor of proof" (John Bunyan).

adj.

1. Fully or successfully resistant; impervious. Often used in combination: waterproof watches; a fireproof cellar door.

2. Of standard alcoholic strength: proof liquor.

3. Used to proofread or correct typeset copy: a proof copy of the manuscript.

v. proofed, proof·ing, proofs

v.tr.

1. Printing

a. To make a trial impression of (printed or engraved matter).

b. To proofread (copy).

2.

a. To activate (dormant dry yeast) by adding water.

b. To work (dough) into proper lightness.

3. To treat so as to make resistant: proof a fabric against shrinkage.

v.intr.

1. Printing To proofread.

2. To become properly light for cooking: The batter proofed overnight.

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[Middle English prove, preve, from Anglo-Norman prove and from Old French prueve, both from Late Latin proba, from Latin probāre, to prove; see prove.]

---

proof′er n.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

proof

(pruːf)

n

1. any evidence that establishes or helps to establish the truth, validity, quality, etc, of something

2. (Law) law the whole body of evidence upon which the verdict of a court is based

3. (Mathematics) maths logic a sequence of steps or statements that establishes the truth of a proposition. See also direct¹⁷, induction⁴, induction⁸

4. the act of testing the truth of something (esp in the phrase put to the proof)

5. (Law) Scots law trial before a judge without a jury

6. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) printing a trial impression made from composed type, or a print-out (from a laser printer, etc) for the correction of errors

7. (Art Terms) (in engraving, etc) a print made by an artist or under his supervision for his own satisfaction before he hands the plate over to a professional printer

8. (Photography) photog a trial print from a negative

9. (Brewing)

a. the alcoholic strength of proof spirit

b. the strength of a beverage or other alcoholic liquor as measured on a scale in which the strength of proof spirit is 100 degrees

adj

10. (foll by: against) able to resist; impervious (to): the roof is proof against rain.

11. (Brewing) having the alcoholic strength of proof spirit

12. (Arms & Armour (excluding Firearms)) of proved strength or impenetrability: proof armour.

vb

13. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) (tr) to take a proof from (type matter, a plate, etc)

14. (Journalism & Publishing) to proofread (text) or inspect (a print, etc), as for approval

15. to render (something) proof, esp to waterproof

[C13: from Old French preuve a test, from Late Latin proba, from Latin probāre to test]

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

proof

(pruf)

n.

1. evidence sufficient to establish a thing as true or believable.

2. anything serving as such evidence.

3. the act of testing or trying anything; test; trial: to put a thing to the proof.

4. the establishment of the truth of anything; demonstration.

5. (in judicial proceedings) evidence that seems to substantiate or corroborate a charge or allegation.

6. an arithmetical operation serving to check the correctness of a calculation.

7. Math., Logic. a sequence of steps, statements, or demonstrations that leads to a valid conclusion.

8. a test to determine the quality, durability, etc., of materials used in manufacture.

9. the strength of an alcoholic liquor, esp. with reference to the standard whereby 100 proof signifies an alcoholic content of 50 percent.

10. Photog. a trial print from a negative.

11. Print.

a. a trial impression, as of composed type, taken to correct errors and make alterations.

b. one of a number of early and superior impressions taken before the printing of the ordinary issue.

12. one of a limited number of coins of a new issue struck from polished dies on a blank having a polished or matte surface.

13. the state of having been tested.

adj.

14. able to withstand; impenetrable, impervious, or invulnerable: proof against attack; proof against leakage.

15. used for testing or proving; serving as proof.

16. of standard strength, as an alcoholic liquor.

17. of tested or proven strength or quality: proof armor.

v.t.

18. to examine for flaws, errors, etc.; check against a standard.

19. Print. prove (def. 7).

20. proofread.

21. to treat or coat for the purpose of rendering resistant to deterioration, damage, etc. (often used in combination).

22.

a. to combine (yeast) with warm water so that a bubbling action occurs.

b. to cause (bread dough, etc.) to rise by adding baker's yeast.

v.i.

23. (of yeast) to bubble or foam when mixed with warm water, milk, etc.

[1175–1225; Middle English prove, prooff, alter. (by association with the vowel of prove) of preove, pref < Middle French preve, proeve < Late Latin proba a test, n. derivative of Latin probāre to approve of, examine, prove]

-proof

a combining form of proof, with the meaning “resistant, impervious to” that specified by the initial element: childproof; waterproof.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

proof

(pro͞of)

A demonstration of the truth of a mathematical or logical statement, based on axioms and theorems derived from these axioms.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

proof

• evidence, proof - Evidence—from Latin e-, "out," and videre, "to see"— is information that helps form a conclusion; proof is factual information that verifies a conclusion.
• proof in the pudding - A shortening of the saying "the proof of the pudding is in the eating," i.e. a thing is tested by putting it to its intended use.
• proof - The strength of alcohol.
• adduce - To cite as an instance or as proof or evidence.

Farlex Trivia Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.

proof

Past participle: proofed
Gerund: proofing

Imperative

proof

proof

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

proof

A trial image taken of a print.

Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright © 2008 by Diagram Visual Information Limited

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	proof - any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something; "if you have any proof for what you say, now is the time to produce it" cogent evidence evidence, grounds - your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" confirmation, substantiation, verification, check - additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct; "fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory" validation, establishment - the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof
	2.	proof - a formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it math, mathematics, maths - a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement logic - the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference mathematical proof - proof of a mathematical theorem logical proof - proof of a logical theorem monstrance, demonstration - proof by a process of argument or a series of proposition proving an asserted conclusion argument, statement - a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true; "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true"
	3.	proof - a measure of alcoholic strength expressed as an integer twice the percentage of alcohol present (by volume) quantity, measure, amount - how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify
	4.	proof - (printing) an impression made to check for errors test copy, trial impression printing, impression - all the copies of a work printed at one time; "they ran off an initial printing of 2000 copies" galley proof - a proof taken before the type is broken up to print pages foundry proof - a proof taken from a form before duplicate plates are made printing process, printing - reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication
	5.	proof - a trial photographic print from a negative photographic print, print - a printed picture produced from a photographic negative
	6.	proof - the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something validation, substantiation determination, finding - the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation; "the determination of molecular structures" authentication, certification - validating the authenticity of something or someone documentation, support - documentary validation; "his documentation of the results was excellent"; "the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones" monetisation, monetization - establishing something (e.g. gold or silver) as the legal tender of a country probate - the act of proving that an instrument purporting to be a will was signed and executed in accord with legal requirements
Verb	1.	proof - make or take a proof of, such as a photographic negative, an etching, or typeset produce, create, make - create or manufacture a man-made product; "We produce more cars than we can sell"; "The company has been making toys for two centuries"
	2.	proof - knead to reach proper lightness; "proof dough" knead, work - make uniform; "knead dough"; "work the clay until it is soft"
	3.	proof - read for errors; "I should proofread my manuscripts" proofread insure, see to it, ensure, ascertain, check, assure, control, see - be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; "He verified that the valves were closed"; "See that the curtains are closed"; "control the quality of the product"
	4.	proof - activate by mixing with water and sometimes sugar or milk; "proof yeast" alter, change, modify - cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue"
	5.	proof - make resistant (to harm); "proof the materials against shrinking in the dryer" bombproof - make safe against bombings bulletproof - make bulletproof; "bulletproof the car" childproof, child-proof - make safe against children; "childproof the apartment" foolproof, goofproof, goof-proof - proof against human misuse or error; "foolproof this appliance" fireproof - make resistant to fire weatherproof - make resistant to bad weather strengthen - gain strength; "His body strengthened"
Adj.	1.	proof - (used in combination or as a suffix) able to withstand; "temptation-proof"; "childproof locks" imperviable, impervious - not admitting of passage or capable of being affected; "a material impervious to water"; "someone impervious to argument"

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

proof

noun

1. evidence, demonstration, testimony, confirmation, verification, certification, corroboration, authentication, substantiation, attestation You must have proof of residence in the state.

2. (Printing) trial print, pull, slip, galley, page proof, galley proof, trial impression I'm correcting the proofs of the Spanish edition right now.

adjective

1. impervious, strong, tight, resistant, impenetrable, repellent The fortress was proof against attack.

Proverbs
"The proof of the pudding is in the eating"

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

proof

noun

1. That which confirms:

attestation, authentication, confirmation, corroboration, demonstration, evidence, substantiation, testament, testimonial, testimony, validation, verification, warrant.

2. A fact or circumstance that gives logical support to an assertion, claim, or proposal:

argument, ground (often used in plural), reason, wherefore, why.

Idiom: why and wherefore.

3. A procedure that ascertains effectiveness, value, proper function, or other quality:

assay, essay, test, trial, tryout.

adjective

Having the capacity to withstand:

immune, impervious, insusceptible, resistant, resistive, unsusceptible.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

بُرْهانبُرْهَانمِسْوَدَّةُ الطَّبْعنُسْخَة اولى من شيءٍ مَطْبوع

důkazkorekturanátiskobtah

bevisprøvetrykkorrektur

BeweisKorrekturfahneProbeabzugBeweismittelBeleg

απόδειξηδοκίμιοαποδεικτικό στοιχείο

pruebacomprobanteconstancia

todistetodistus

preuveépreuvetémoignage

dokazotisak za korekturu

bizonyításbizonyítékkorrektúranyers kép

próförkprufumyndsönnun

provaa prova dibozzadimostrazionegradazione

校正刷り証拠

교정쇄증거

bandomoji nuotraukakorektūranepralaidus

korektūraparaugnovilkumspierādījums

bewijsproefafdruk

beviskorrekturprøvebildeprøvetrykk

dowódbadanie

provacomprovante

доказательствоподтверждение

nátlačobťah

dokaz

beviskorrektur

ข้อพิสูจน์ปรู๊ฟ

kanıtbaskı provasıdelildeneme baskısıilk tabedilen

bản in thửbằng chứng

校样证据样张

proof

[pruːf]

A. N

1. (= evidence) → prueba(s) f(pl)
do you have any proof of this? → ¿tienes pruebas de esto?
it is proof that he is innocent → eso prueba su inocencia
as (a) or in proof of → como or en prueba de
the burden of proof is or falls on him → sobre él recae la tarea de demostrar su inocencia
by way of proof → a modo de prueba
to give or show proof of sth/that → demostrar algo/que ...
you will need proof of identity → necesitará algo que acredite su identidad
to be living proof of sth → ser prueba viviente de algo
proof positive → prueba f concluyente
to obtain a refund you must produce proof of purchase → para cualquier devolución necesitará el comprobante de compra

2. (= test, trial) → prueba f
to put sth to the proof → poner algo a prueba
the proof of the pudding (is in the eating) → para saber si algo es bueno hay que probarlo

3. (Typ, Phot) → prueba f
to correct or read the proofs → corregir las pruebas
see also galley B
see also page ¹ B

4. [of alcohol] → graduación f (alcohólica)
it is 70 degrees proof → tiene una graduación del 40% (US) → tiene una graduación del 35%
over proof → con una graduación alcohólica superior al 57,1%
under or below proof → con una graduación alcohólica inferior al 57,1%

5. (= security, safeguard) → protección f (against contra) knowledge is no proof against certain kinds of disaster → el saber no es protección contra ciertas clases de desastre

6. (Math, Geom) → prueba f

B. ADJ

1. [alcohol] → de graduación normal

2. (= secure)
to be proof against sth → estar a prueba de algo
it is proof against moisture → está a prueba de la humedad
I'm not proof against temptation → no soy insensible a la tentación

C. VT

1. [+ fabric, tent] → impermeabilizar

2. (= proofread) → corregir las pruebas de

D. CPD proof copy N → copia f para la lectura de pruebas
proof sheet N (Typ, Phot) → prueba f
proof spirit N (Brit, Canada) → licor m de graduación normal
proof stage N → fase f de lectura de pruebas
to be at proof stage → estar en la fase de lectura de pruebas

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

proof

[ˈpruːf]

n

(= evidence) → preuve f
What proof have you? → Quelle preuve avez-vous ?
to establish proof of sth → établir la preuve de qch
to be proof positive of sth → être la preuve de qch

(= way of proving) → preuve f

[book] → épreuve f
to correct the proofs of a book → corriger les épreuves d'un livre proof copy

(PHOTOGRAPHY) → épreuve f

(= measure of alcohol content) to be 70° proof → titrer 40 degrés

adj
to be proof against sth → être à l'épreuve de qch

vt (British) [+ tent, anorak] → imperméabiliserproof copy n → épreuve fproof of identity n

(= document) → pièce f d'identité

(= attestation of identity) → preuve f d'identitéproof of postage n → preuve m d'expéditionproof of purchase n → preuve f d'achat

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

proof

n

→ Beweis m → (of für); you’ll need more proof than that → die Beweise reichen nicht aus; as proof of → als or zum Beweis für; to put something to the proof → etw auf die Probe stellen; (Tech) → etw erproben; that is proof that … → das ist der Beweis dafür, dass …; to give or show proof of something → etw nachweisen, den Nachweis für etw liefern; can you give us any proof of that? → können Sie (uns) dafür Beweise liefern?; show me your proof → beweisen Sie (mir) das; what proof is there that he meant it? → und was beweist, dass er es ernst gemeint hat?; proof of purchase (= receipt) → Kaufbeleg m

(= test, trial) → Probe f; withstanding these conditions is the proof of a good paint → es ist der Beweis für die Qualität einer Farbe, wenn sie solchen Bedingungen standhält; the proof of the pudding is in the eating (Prov) → Probieren or probieren geht über Studieren or studieren (Prov)

(Typ) → (Korrektur)fahne f; (Phot) → Probeabzug m

(of alcohol) → Alkoholgehalt m; 70% proof → ˜ 40 Vol-%

adj (= resistant) to be proof against fire/bullets → feuersicher/kugelsicher sein; to be proof against water → wasserdicht sein; proof against inflation → inflationssicher

vt

(against water) → imprägnieren

(Typ) (= make proof) → einen Korrekturabzug herstellen; (= read proof) → Korrektur lesen

---

proof

:

proofread

vi → Korrektur lesen

vt → Korrektur lesen

proofreader

n → Korrektor(in) m(f)

proofreading

n → Korrekturlesen nt; at the proof stage → im Korrekturstadium

proof sheet

n (Typ) → Korrekturfahne f → /-bogen m; (= trial print) → Probedruck m → /-abzug m

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

proof

[pruːf]

1. n

a. (evidence) → prova (Math) → dimostrazione f
proof of identity → documento d'identità
I have proof that he did it → ho le prove che è stato lui a farlo
as or in proof of → come prova or testimonianza di
to give or show proof of → dar prova di

b. (test, trial) to put sth to the proof → mettere alla prova qc

c. (Typ) → bozza, prova di stampa (Phot) → provino

d. (of alcohol) 70% proof → 40° (alcolici)

2. adj to be proof against → essere a prova di

3. vt (tent, anorak) → impermeabilizzare

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

proof

(pruːf) noun

1. (a piece of) evidence, information etc that shows definitely that something is true. We still have no proof that he is innocent. bewys بُرْهان доказателство prova důkaz der Beweis bevis απόδειξηprueba (asi)tõend دلیل؛ مدرک todiste preuveהוכחה प्रमाण bizonyíték bukti sönnun prova 証拠 증거 įrodymas pierādījums bukti bewijs bevisdowód دليل، ثبوت prova dovadă доказательство dôkaz dokaz dokaz bevis หลักฐาน kanıt, delil 證據 доказ دليل chứng cớ 证据

2. a first copy of a printed sheet, that can be corrected before the final printing. She was correcting the proofs of her novel. proef نُسْخَة اولى من شيءٍ مَطْبوع коректура prova obtah die Korrekturfahne korrektur τυπογραφικό δοκίμιο για διόρθωση prueba korrektuurpoogen نمونه چاپی vedos épreuve הַגָהָה परीक्षण, जांच korrektúra proof, cetakan percobaan próförk bozza 校正刷り 교정쇄 korektūra korektūra pruf drukproefkorrektur pierwsza korekta چاپي نمونه prova corectură пробный оттиск obťah krtačni odtis tekst za korekturu korrektur ใบปรู๊ฟ baskı provası 校樣 пробний екземпляр آخري طباعت سے پہلے کي طباعت، پروف bản in thử 校样

3. in photography, the first print from a negative. proef الصّورة الأولى المَطبوعَة من الفلم السلْبي пробен отпечатък от снимка prova nátisk der Probeabzug prøvetryk δοκιμαστική εκτύπωση φωτογραφίας prueba esimene koopia نمونه عکس vedos épreuve הֶדפֵּס נֶגָטִיב प्रूफ, शोध्यपत्र nyers kép cetakan pertama prufumynd/-lappi provino ためし焼き 시험인화 bandomoji nuotrauka paraugnovilkums gambar cucian pertama proefprøvebilde odbitka próbna ا انځور نمونه ، د عكس ډول prova copie; print пробный отпечаток nátlač poskusna kopija prvi otisak råkopia ตัวอย่างของภาพถ่าย ilk tabedilen (相片的)樣張 пробний відбиток نگيٹيو کي پہلي تصوير bức ảnh rửa thử （相片的）样张

-proof

able to withstand or avoid something. waterproof covering. bestand مُقاوِم، مانِع издръжлив на à prova de -vzdorný, odolný ...-fest -tæt; -sikker -στεγής, στεγανός a prueba de -kindel ...ضد -kestävä à l'épreuve de חָסִין בִּפנֵי- अभेद्य -mentes tahan -þolinn, –traustur, –fastur a prova di 防－ -방어할 수 있는 atsparus, nepralaidus ūdensnecaurlaidīgs pārsegs kalis -dicht, -bestendig, -vrij -tett, –sikker, –fast -odporny ضد، ثبوت à prova de rezistent la устойчивый, непроницаемый -vzdorný, odolný odporen (proti ...), nepremočljiv -otporan [vatten]tät, [köld]tålig, [skott]säker, [värme]beständig ซึ่งป้องกันได้ ...-e dayanıklı, geçirmez (後綴)耐...的，防...的，抗...的 -непроникний محفوط، مزاحم chống; ngăn （后缀）表示＂耐...的＂，＂防...的＂

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

proof

→ بُرْهَان, مِسْوَدَّةُ الطَّبْع důkaz, korektura bevis, prøvetryk Beweismittel, Korrekturfahne αποδεικτικό στοιχείο, απόδειξη prueba todiste épreuve, preuve dokaz, otisak za korekturu bozza, prova 校正刷り, 証拠 교정쇄, 증거 bewijs, proefafdruk bevis, prøvetrykk badanie, dowód comprovante, prova доказательство, подтверждение bevis, korrektur ข้อพิสูจน์, ปรู๊ฟ deneme baskısı, kanıt bản in thử, bằng chứng 校样, 证据

Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

proof

n. prueba, comprobación;

v. probar, demostrar.

English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012