tRNA

abbr.

transfer RNA

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

transfer RNA

any of a class of small, cloverleaf forms of RNA that transfer unattached amino acids in the cell cytoplasm to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Abbr.: tRNA

[1960–65]

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:

Noun

tRNA - RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)

acceptor RNA, soluble RNA, transfer RNA

ribonucleic acid, RNA - (biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell; "ribonucleic acid is the genetic material of some viruses"

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References in periodicals archive

The structural organization and arrangement of both genomes consisted of 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and one putative control region (Fig.

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Oriental Sweetlips, Plectorhinchus orientalis and Plectorhinchus vittatus (Perciformes: Haemulidae) with the Molecular Analysis on their Synonym Controversies

As per researchers involved in this study, which was published in the 'Journal of Clinical Investigation', tRNAs are cut into fragments when cells are stressed.

Can seizures be predicted before they happen?

Using blood samples from people with the condition at the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit in Dublin's Beaumont Hospital and a similar specialist centre in Germany, the group found fragment levels of three tRNAs "spike" in the blood hours before a seizure.

Irish experts in epilepsy warning breakthrough; Test could tell when seizure is about to happen

We created a subalignment of tRNA data with 319 aligned positions and 43 taxa to minimize missing data for genetic distance analyses.

Discovery of Adults Linked to Cloning Oceanic Starfish Larvae (Oreasier, Asteroidea: Echinodermata)

Putative tRNA genes were identified using tRNAscan-SE v2.0 (http://lowelab.ucsc.edu/tRNAscan-SE; Lowe & Chan 2016) and ARWEN (http://mbio-serv2.

COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES OF TWO PEARL OYSTER SPECIES (BIVALVIA: PTERIOMORPHIA) REVEAL NOVEL GENE ARRANGEMENTS

Another shortcoming is that the authors describe the variant as being located in the tRNA (Glu) gene on the one hand and on the other hand as being located in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6gene.

Mitochondrial tRNA Glutamic Acid Variant 14709T>C Manifesting as Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers

The mRNA is essentially a string of genetic "letters" spelling out protein-making instructions, and each tRNA recognizes a specific three-letter sequence on the mRNA.

How Genes Were First Translated Into Proteins

In one study, (23) Rando found that the offspring of protein-deprived mice had altered cholesterol synthesis in the liver, a finding he attributes to tRNA fragment activity.

Chips off the Old Block: How a Father's Preconception Exposures Might Affect the Health of His Children

Characteristic features include Raynaud phenomenon, fever, nonerosive inflammatory arthritis, hyperkeratotic skin changes on the fingers ("mechanic's hands"), interstitial lung disease (ILD), and autoantibodies to various tRNA synthetases.

Pulmonary Pathologic Manifestations of Anti-Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase (Anti-PL-12)-Related Inflammatory Myopathy

Although the presence of the chemical modifications to tRNA has been established in the 1970s [6-8], little is known about the epigenetic modifications to mRNA and other noncoding RNAs.

Topological Characterization of Human and Mouse [m.sup.5]C Epitranscriptome Revealed by Bisulfite Sequencing

Mitochondrial (mt) tRNA (MTT) gene mutations are an important cause of mitochondrial diseases and are associated with a wide range of clinical presentations, ranging from isolated myopathy to multisystem disorders with encephalopathy, diabetes, hearing loss, dysphagia, and cardiomyopathy [1].

Proximal Myopathy due to m.5835G>A Mutation in Mitochondrial MT-TY Gene

Interestingly, amongst the seven genes that have been identified to cause the disease, most have housekeeping functions, including small heat shock proteins (sHSP) (dHMN-II); glycyl tRNA synthetase (GARS) (dHMN-V); Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL2) (dHMN-V); immunoglobulin [micro]-binding protein-2 (IGHMBP2) (dHMN-VI); dynactin (DCTN1) (dHMN-VII); and senataxin (SETX) (dHMN) with pyramidal tract signs.

Glycyl tRNA Synthetase (GARS) Gene Variant Causes Distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy V