Remko [16] used the methods of theoretical chemistry to elucidate the molecular properties of the hypoglycemic sulfonylureas and glinides (acetohexamide,
tolazamide, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, glibenclamide, nateglinide, and repaglinide) which are known as antidiabetic molecules.
Six drugs are included in this subclass: chlorpropamide, glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide,
tolazamide (Tolinase), and tolbutamide.
The following chemicals tested in ToxCast[TM] were used as signpost chemicals: troglitazone, tributyltin chemicals, nicotine, haloperidol and chlorpromazine,
tolazamide, amitraz, dexamethasone, nicotinic acid (niacin), and chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
The first generation of sulfonylureas are tolbutamide,
tolazamide, and actohexamide and the second generation of sulfonylureas are glyburide, glipizide, gliclazide, glimepiride, and others.
It has been indicated that some specific hypoglycaemic medications such as glyburide, phenformin and
tolazamide decrease endogenous content of CoQ10.8
The first generation sulfonylureas (tolbutamide,
tolazamide and chlorpropamide) are rarely used now.
The second-generation agents, glimepiride (Amaryl[R]), glipizide (Glucotrol[R] and Glucotrol XL[R]), and glyburide (Diabeta[R], Micronase[R], and Glynase[R]), have shorter half-lives and shorter onset of action than the first generation sulfonylureas such as chlorpropamide, (Diabinese[R]),
tolazamide (Tolinase[R]), and tolbutamide (Orinase[R]).
The first-generation sulfonylureas currently available are chlorpropamide (Diabinese),
tolazamide (Tolinase), and tolbutamide (Orinase).
Impaired granulocyte adherence in mildly diabetic patients: effects of
tolazamide treatment.