include

in·clude

 (ĭn-klo͞od′)

tr.v. in·clud·ed, in·clud·ing, in·cludes

1. To contain or take in as a part, element, or member.

2. To consider as part of or allow into a group or class: thanked the host for including us.

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[Middle English includen, from Latin inclūdere, to enclose : in-, in; see in-² + claudere, to close.]

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in·clud′a·ble, in·clud′i·ble adj.

Synonyms: include, comprise, comprehend, embrace, encompass
These verbs mean to take in or contain as part of something larger. Include often implies an incomplete listing: "Through the process of amendment, interpretation and court decision I have finally been included in 'We, the people'" (Barbara C. Jordan).
Comprise usually implies that all of the components are stated: The book comprises 15 chapters.
Comprehend, embrace, and encompass usually refer to the taking in of subordinate elements: My field of study comprehends several disciplines. This theory embraces many facets of human behavior. The debate encompassed all points of view.

Usage Note: The word include generally suggests that what follows is a partial list, not an exhaustive list, of the contents of what the subject refers to. Therefore a sentence like New England includes Connecticut and Rhode Island is acceptable, since it implies that there are states that are also a part of New England but are not mentioned in the list, and in fact this is correct. When a full enumeration is given, a different construction, such as one using comprise or consist of, must be used: New England comprises/consists of (not includes) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. There are cases, however, in which include does not rule out the possibility of a complete listing, as when the exact makeup of the subject is unknown or yet to be determined. Thus the sentence The bibliography should include all the journal articles you have used does not entail that the bibliography must contain something other than journal articles, though it does leave that possibility open. Another case in which the list following include may be exhaustive is when the list explicitly or implicitly describes what is not included. Thus, We decided to include only those artists who had written works within the last five years is acceptable, since the set of artists not included is implicitly defined as those who have not written works within the last five years. The same goes for cases of explicit exclusion from the list: My shopping list includes everything you told me to buy, and nothing else. See Usage Note at comprise.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

include

(ɪnˈkluːd)

vb (tr)

1. to have as contents or part of the contents; be made up of or contain

2. to add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category

3. to contain as a secondary or minor ingredient or element

[C15 (in the sense: to enclose): from Latin inclūdere to enclose, from in-² + claudere to close]

inˈcludable, inˈcludible adj

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

in•clude

(ɪnˈklud)

v.t. -clud•ed, -clud•ing.

1. to contain or encompass as part of a whole: The meal includes dessert and coffee.

2. to place as part of a category.

3. to enclose.

[1375–1425; late Middle English < Latin inclūdere to shut in =in- in-² + claudere to shut (compare close)]

in•clud′a•ble, in•clud′i•ble, adj.

syn: include, comprehend, comprise, embrace imply containing parts of a whole. include means to contain as a part or member of a larger whole; it may indicate one, several, or all parts: This anthology includes works by Sartre and Camus. The price includes appetizer, main course, and dessert. comprehend means to have within the limits or scope of a larger whole: The plan comprehends several projects. comprise means to consist of; it usu. indicates all of the various parts serving to make up the whole: This genus comprises 50 species. embrace emphasizes the extent or assortment of that which is included: The report embraces many subjects.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

include

If one thing includes another, it has that thing as one of its parts.

He is a former president of the Campania region, which includes Naples.

A good British breakfast always includes sausages.

Be Careful!
You do not use 'include' when mentioning all the parts of something. Instead, you use a word such as comprise.

See comprise

Collins COBUILD English Usage © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012

include

Past participle: included
Gerund: including

Imperative

include

include

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

Thesaurus

Verb	1.	include - have as a part, be made up out of; "The list includes the names of many famous writers" contain, incorporate, comprise - include or contain; have as a component; "A totally new idea is comprised in this paper"; "The record contains many old songs from the 1930's" embrace, encompass, comprehend, cover - include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory; "This group encompasses a wide range of people from different backgrounds"; "this should cover everyone in the group" involve - contain as a part; "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" subsume - contain or include; "This new system subsumes the old one" contain, bear, carry, hold - contain or hold; have within; "The jar carries wine"; "The canteen holds fresh water"; "This can contains water" inhere in, attach to - be part of; "This problem inheres in the design" exclude - lack or fail to include; "The cost for the trip excludes food and beverages"
	2.	include - consider as part of something; "I include you in the list of culprits" count - include as if by counting; "I can count my colleagues in the opposition" colligate, subsume - consider (an instance of something) as part of a general rule or principle consider, regard, view, reckon, see - deem to be; "She views this quite differently from me"; "I consider her to be shallow"; "I don't see the situation quite as negatively as you do" carry - include, as on a list; "How many people are carried on the payroll?" exclude, leave out, omit, leave off, except, take out - prevent from being included or considered or accepted; "The bad results were excluded from the report"; "Leave off the top piece"
	3.	include - add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category; "We must include this chemical element in the group" chemical science, chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions add - make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of; "We added two students to that dorm room"; "She added a personal note to her letter"; "Add insult to injury"; "Add some extra plates to the dinner table"
	4.	include - allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of; "admit someone to the profession"; "She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar" let in, admit countenance, permit, allow, let - consent to, give permission; "She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband"; "I won't let the police search her basement"; "I cannot allow you to see your exam" admit, take on, accept, take - admit into a group or community; "accept students for graduate study"; "We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member" induct, initiate - accept people into an exclusive society or group, usually with some rite; "African men are initiated when they reach puberty" readmit - admit again or anew; "After paying a penalty, the player was readmitted" involve - engage as a participant; "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

include

verb

1. contain, involve, incorporate, cover, consist of, take in, embrace, comprise, take into account, embody, encompass, comprehend, subsume The trip was extended to include a few other events.
contain exclude, eliminate, rule out, leave out, omit

2. count, introduce, make a part of, number among I had worked hard to be included in a project like this.

3. add, enter, put in, insert You should include details of all your benefits.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

include

verb

To have as a part:

comprehend, comprise, contain, embody, embrace, encompass, have, involve, subsume, take in.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

يَتَضَمَّنُيَشْمَل، يَشتَمِل

zahrnoutzahrnovat

inkludereindbefatte

einschließenenthalteninkludierenumschließenbegreifen

περιλαμβάνωσυμπεριλαμβάνωσυγκαταλέγω

inkluzivi

incluirincorporarabarcar

sisällyttää

inclurerenfermer

uključivati

beleveszbenne vanbevesz

telja meî

includerecomprenderecompresoabbracciareaggiungere

含む

포함하다

imtinaiįskaitantįtraukimasįtraukti

iekļautietvert

bijvoegeninvoegenopnemen

inkluderemedregneomfatte

incluirobjąćzawierać

incluir

включатьохватывать

zahrnúť

priloženvključiti

inkludera

นับรวมเข้าด้วย

dahil etmekiçermek

bao gồm

包含包括

include

[ɪnˈkluːd] VT → incluir; (with letter) → adjuntar, incluir
facilities include a gym, swimming pool and sauna → las instalaciones disponen de gimnasio, piscina y sauna
your name is not included in the list → su nombre no figura en la lista
does that remark include me? → ¿va ese comentario también por mí?
he sold everything, books included → vendió todo, incluso los libros
service is/is not included → el servicio está/no está or (LAm) va/no va incluido
all the team members, myself included → todos los miembros del equipo, incluido yo

include out VT + ADV (hum) → excluir, dejar fuera
include me out! → ¡no contéis conmigo!

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

include

[ɪnˈkluːd] vt (= have as constituent) → inclure, comprendre
to be included (= chosen) (in team) → être inclus(e); (in collection) → être inclus(e)
His work is included in several major collections
BUT Son travail figure dans plusieurs grandes collections.

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

include

vt → einschließen, enthalten; (on list, in group etc) → aufnehmen, einbeziehen; your name is not included on the list → Ihr Name ist nicht auf der Liste; service not included → Bedienung nicht inbegriffen; all included → alles inklusive or inbegriffen; everyone, children included → alle einschließlich der Kinder; the invitation includes everybody → die Einladung betrifft alle; the hostages included three Britons → unter den Geiseln befanden sich drei Briten; does that include me? → gilt das auch für mich?; shut up! you included or that includes you → Ruhe! Sie sind auch gemeint; to include somebody in one’s prayers → jdn in sein Gebet einschließen; I worked hard to be included in the project → ich habe mich sehr angestrengt, um an dem Projekt teilnehmen zu können; in which category would you include this? → in welche Kategorie würden Sie das aufnehmen?; I think we should include a chapter on … → ich finde, wir sollten auch ein Kapitel über … dazunehmen; the book includes two chapters on grammar → das Buch enthält auch zwei Grammatikkapitel

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

include

[ɪnˈkluːd] vt → comprendere, includere
your name is not included in the list → il tuo nome non è incluso nella lista
he sold everything, books included → ha venduto tutto, compresi i libri
service is/is not included → il servizio è compreso/escluso

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

include

(iŋˈkluːd) verb

to take in or consider along with (other people, things etc) as part of a group, set etc. Am I included in the team?; Your duties include making the tea. insluit يَشْمَل، يَشتَمِل включвам incluir zahrnout einschließen inkludere; tage med; indbefatte περιλαμβάνωincluir kaasa arvama, sisaldama شامل بودن sisällyttää inclure, comprendre לְהָכִיל, לִכלוֹל सम्मिलित करना uključiti, uključivati benne van; tartalmaz; be(le)vesz mencakup telja með includere, comprendere 含む 포함하다 įtraukti ietvert; iekļaut termasuk opnemen, bevattenmedregne, omfatte, inkludereobejmować شامل وه incluir a inclu­de, a cu­prin­de включать zahrnúť (do), zahŕňať, obsahovať vključiti uključiti innefatta, inkludera, omfatta ประกอบด้วย dahil etmek 包括 містити в собі, охоплювати شامل ہونا bao gồm 包括

inˈclusion (-ʒən) noun

insluiting إشْتِمال، تَضَمُّن включване inclusão započtení do die Einbeziehung indbefatning συνυπολογισμός inclusión kaasaarvamine درخود داری sisällyttäminen inclusionהכללה समावेशन uključivanje, uključenje beleértés, beleszámítás pencakupan það að vera innifalinn/meðtalinn inclusione 包含 포함 įtraukimas ietveršana; iekļaušana pemasukan insluitingmedregning, inkludering włączenie په خپله درلودل inclusão includere включение zahrnutie vključitev uključivanje innefattande, medräknande การผนวก dahil etme 包含 включення; вміщення شمولیت sự bao gồm 包括

including preposition

The whole family has been ill, including the baby. inbegrepe, asook بِما فيه، بِضِمْنِه включително incluindo včetně einschließlich inklusive συμπεριλαμβανομένουincluyendo, incluido kaasa arvatud من جمله mukaan lukien comprisכולל सम्मिलित करते हुए uračunavši, uključivo beleértve termasuk þar með talinn compreso ～を含めて ...을 포함한 įskaitant ieskaitot; to skaitā termasuk inbegrepenmedregnet, inklusiv łącznie z زه جمله incluindo inclusiv включая, в том числе vrátane vključno uključujući inklusive, däribland รวมทั้ง ...-de dahil 包括 включаючи, в тому числі بشمول bao gồm 包括

inˈclusive (-siv) adjective

counting both the first and last in a series. May 7 to May 9 inclusive is three days. insluitend شامِل، مُشْتَمِل عَلى включващ inclusive včetně einschließlich inklusive; iberegnet που συμπεριλαμβάνει inclusive kaasa arvatud شامل شده؛ کلی mukaan lukien inclusכולל को मिलाकर koji sadržava, uključiv bezárólag sampai dengan meðtalinn incluso 含めて 일체를 포함한 imtinai ietverošs; ieskaitot termasuk inclusiefinnbefattet, inklusivwłącznie شامل شوي inclusive inclusiv включающий vrátane vštet uključujući inberäknad, till och med ทั้งหมด kapsayan, içeren 前後 включно مع، بشمول kể cả （首尾）包括在内的

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

include

→ يَتَضَمَّنُ zahrnovat inkludere einschließen περιλαμβάνω incluir sisällyttää inclure uključivati includere 含む 포함하다 opnemen inkludere objąć incluir включать inkludera นับรวมเข้าด้วย dahil etmek bao gồm 包含

Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009