indurate

in·du·rate

 (ĭn′də-rāt′, -dyə-)

v. in·du·rat·ed, in·du·rat·ing, in·du·rates

v.tr.

1. To make hard; harden: soil that had been indurated by extremes of climate.

2. To inure, as to hardship or ridicule.

3. To make callous or obdurate: "It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart" (Helen Maria Williams).

v.intr.

1. To grow hard; harden.

2. To become firmly fixed or established.

adj. (ĭn′do͝o-rĭt, -dyə-)

Hardened; obstinate; unfeeling.

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[Latin indūrāre, indūrāt- : in-, intensive pref.; see in-² + dūrus, hard; see deru- in Indo-European roots.]

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in′du·ra′tive adj.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

indurate

vb

1. to make or become hard or callous

2. to make or become hardy

adj

hardened, callous, or unfeeling

[C16: from Latin indūrāre to make hard; see endure]

ˌinduˈration n

ˈinduˌrative adj

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

in•du•rate

(v. ˈɪn dʊˌreɪt, -dyʊ-; adj. ˈɪn dʊ rɪt, -dyʊ-; ɪnˈdʊər ɪt, -ˈdyʊər-)

v. -rat•ed, -rat•ing,
adj. v.t.

1. to make hard; harden: Pressure and heat indurate the rock.

2. to make callous, stubborn, or unfeeling.

3. to inure; accustom.

4. to make enduring; establish.

v.i.

5. to become hard.

6. to become established.

adj.

7. hardened; unfeeling.

[1375–1425; late Middle English < Latin indūrāre to harden =in- in-² + dūrāre, v. derivative of dūrūs hard]

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

indurate

Past participle: indurated
Gerund: indurating

Imperative

indurate

indurate

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

Thesaurus

Verb	1.	indurate - become fixed or established; "indurated customs" change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"
	2.	indurate - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter" harden change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night" face-harden - harden steel by adding carbon callus - cause a callus to form on; "The long march had callused his feet" anneal, temper, normalize - bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling; "temper glass" harden, indurate - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened"
	3.	indurate - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened" harden change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night" encrust, incrust - form a crust or a hard layer callus - form a callus or calluses; "His foot callused" harden, indurate - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter" calcify - become impregnated with calcium salts cure - make (substances) hard and improve their usability; "cure resin"; "cure cement"; "cure soap"
	4.	indurate - cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate; "He was inured to the cold" inure, harden callous, cauterise, cauterize - make insensitive or callous; deaden feelings or morals brace oneself for, prepare for, steel oneself against, steel onself for - prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant accustom, habituate - make psychologically or physically used (to something); "She became habituated to the background music"
Adj.	1.	indurate - emotionally hardened; "a callous indifference to suffering"; "cold-blooded and indurate to public opinion" callous, pachydermatous insensitive - deficient in human sensibility; not mentally or morally sensitive; "insensitive to the needs of the patients"

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

indurate

verb

1. To make or become physically hard:

cake, concrete, congeal, dry, harden, petrify, set, solidify.

2. To make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure:

acclimate, acclimatize, caseharden, harden, season, toughen.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.