cram

cram

 (krăm)

v. crammed, cram·ming, crams

v.tr.

1. To force, press, or squeeze (something) into an insufficient or barely sufficient space; stuff.

2.

a. To feed a large amount of food to (an animal).

b. To fill (oneself or one's stomach, for example) with food.

v.intr.

1. To move into and fully occupy a space: The students crammed into the tiny classroom.

2. To study hastily for an impending examination: was up all night cramming for the history midterm.

n.

Hasty study for an imminent examination.

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[Middle English crammen, from Old English crammian; see ger- in Indo-European roots.]

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cram′mer n.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

cram

(kræm)

vb, crams, cramming or crammed

1. (tr) to force (people, material, etc) into (a room, container, etc) with more than it can hold; stuff

2. to eat or cause to eat more than necessary

3. (Education) informal to study or cause to study (facts, etc), esp for an examination, by hastily memorizing

n

4. the act or condition of cramming

5. a crush

[Old English crammian; related to Old Norse kremja to press]

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Cram

(kræm)

n

(Biography) Steve. born 1960, English middle-distance runner: European 1500 m champion (1981, 1986); world 1500 m champion (1983)

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

cram

(kræm)

v. crammed, cram•ming,
n. v.t.

1. to fill by force with more than it can easily hold.

2. to force or stuff (usu. fol. by into, down, etc.).

3. to fill with or as if with an excessive amount of food; overfeed.

4. to prepare (a person, class, etc.) for an examination within a short period of time.

v.i.

5. to eat greedily.

6. to study for an examination by memorizing facts at the last minute.

7. to crowd; jam: A mob crammed into the hall.

n.

8. the act of cramming for an examination.

9. a crammed state; crush.

[before 1000; Middle English crammen, Old English crammian to stuff, c. Old Norse kremja]

cram′mer, n.

Cram

(kræm)

n.

Ralph Adams, 1863–1942, U.S. architect and writer.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cram

 a dense crowd; a crush; a squeeze, 1858.

Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

cram

Past participle: crammed
Gerund: cramming

Imperative

cram

cram

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

cram

To study intensively for an examination or to prepare students intensively for an examination.

Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright © 2008 by Diagram Visual Information Limited

Thesaurus

Verb	1.	cram - crowd or pack to capacity; "the theater was jampacked" chock up, jampack, wad, ram, jam stuff - cram into a cavity; "The child stuffed candy into his pockets" cram - put something somewhere so that the space is completely filled; "cram books into the suitcase"
	2.	cram - put something somewhere so that the space is completely filled; "cram books into the suitcase" lay, place, put, set, position, pose - put into a certain place or abstract location; "Put your things here"; "Set the tray down"; "Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children"; "Place emphasis on a certain point" chock up, cram, jampack, wad, ram, jam - crowd or pack to capacity; "the theater was jampacked" stuff - cram into a cavity; "The child stuffed candy into his pockets"
	3.	cram - study intensively, as before an exam; "I had to bone up on my Latin verbs before the final exam" bone, bone up, grind away, mug up, swot, swot up, drum, get up cram - prepare (students) hastily for an impending exam hit the books, study - learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now"
	4.	cram - prepare (students) hastily for an impending exam gear up, prepare, ready, set, fix, set up - make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc; "Get the children ready for school!"; "prepare for war"; "I was fixing to leave town after I paid the hotel bill" bone, bone up, grind away, mug up, swot, swot up, cram, drum, get up - study intensively, as before an exam; "I had to bone up on my Latin verbs before the final exam"

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

cram

verb

1. stuff, force, jam, ram, shove, compress, compact She pulled off her school hat and crammed it into a wastebasket.

2. pack, fill, stuff She crammed her mouth with nuts.

3. squeeze, press, crowd, pack, crush, pack in, fill to overflowing, overfill, overcrowd We crammed into my car and set off.

4. study, revise, swot, bone up (informal), grind, con, swot up, mug up (slang) She was cramming hard for her exam.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

cram

verb

1. To fill to excess by compressing or squeezing tightly:

crowd, jam, load, mob, pack, stuff.

Informal: jam-pack.

2. Informal. To study or work hard, especially when pressed for time:

Informal: bone (up), grind.

Idiom: burn the midnight oil.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

يَحْشويَحْشو دماغ الطالِب بِالمَعْلوماتيُدخِلُ بالقُوَّه، يَحْشويَعْمَلُ باجتِهاد

biflovatcpátnabiflovatnacpatnahustit

proppestoppeterpemanuducereoverfylde

vollstopfenbüffelneinpaukenstopfen

μελετώ υπερβολικάστριμώχνομαι

abarrotaratiborrarembutirempollar

ahtautuapäntätä

bourrerbûcherpotassers’entasser

natrpatištrebati

belezsúfolteletöm

troîatroîa fræîslu ítroîfylla

stiparestudiare frettolosamenteaccalcarsiammassarerimpinzare

ガリ勉する詰め込む

과식하다맹렬히 공부하다

grūstiintensyviai ruoštikimštimokytimokytis

iekaltiemācītpiebāztpieblīvētpiestūķēt

blokkenvolproppen

proppepuggesprenglesestappestue

tłoczyć sięwkuć

encherqueimar as pestanas

впихиватьзаставлятьзубритьпихать

nabifľovaťpchaťprepchať

guliti senatlačiti

pluggaproppa full

เรียนอย่างหนักยัด อัดเต็ม

tıka basa doldurmaktıkıştırmaktıkmakalelacele sınava hazırlamakineklemek

học miệt màiních đầy

临时准备应试塞入塞满填塞填满

cram

[kræm]

A. VT

1. (= stuff) → meter (into en) we can't cram any more in → es imposible meter más
to cram food into one's mouth → llenarse la boca de comida
to cram things into a case → ir metiendo cosas en una maleta hasta que ya no cabe más nada
she crammed her hat down over her eyes → se enfundó el sombrero hasta los ojos

2. (= fill) → llenar a reventar (with de) the hall is crammed → la sala está de bote en bote
the room was crammed with furniture → la habitación estaba atestada de muebles
his head is crammed with strange ideas → tiene la cabeza llena de ideas raras
to cram o.s. with food → atiborrarse de comida, darse un atracón

3. (Scol) [+ subject] → empollar, aprender apresuradamente; [+ pupil] → preparar apresuradamente para un examen

B. VI

1. [people] → apelotonarse (into en) can I cram in here? → ¿hay un hueco para mí aquí?
seven of us crammed into the Mini → los siete logramos encajarnos en el Mini

2. [pupil] (for exam) → empollar

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

cram

[ˈkræm]

vt (= stuff) to cram sth into sth → fourrer qch dans qch
We crammed our stuff into the boot → Nous avons fourré nos affaires dans le coffre.
to cram sth with sth → bourrer qch de qch

vi (= study hard) → piocher
to cram for sth → piocher pour qch

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

cram

vt

(= fill) → vollstopfen, vollpacken; (= stuff in) → hineinstopfen (in(to) in +acc); people → hineinzwängen (in(to) in +acc); the room was crammed (with furniture) → der Raum war (mit Möbeln) vollgestopft; we were all crammed into one room → wir waren alle in einem Zimmer zusammengepfercht; he crammed his hat (down) over his eyes → er zog sich (dat) → den Hut tief ins Gesicht

(for exam) Latin verbs etc → pauken (inf), → büffeln (inf); (= teach for exam) pupil → pauken mit (inf)

vi (= swot) → pauken (inf), → büffeln (inf)

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

cram

[kræm]

1. vt (stuff, books, papers) to cram into → infilare in, stipare in, pigiare in; (people, passengers) → ammassare in; (fill) to cram sth with → riempire qc di
to cram in → far stare, trovare posto per
his head is crammed with strange ideas → ha la testa piena di idee strane
the room was crammed with furniture/people → la stanza era stipata di mobili/affollata di gente
she crammed her hat down over her eyes → si calcò il cappello sugli occhi
to cram o.s. with food → abbuffarsi, rimpinzarsi

2. vi

a. (people) to cram (into) → affollarsi (in), accalcarsi (in), stiparsi (in)

b. (pupil, for exam) → fare una sgobbata finale

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

cram

(krӕm) – past tense past participle crammed – verb

1. to fill very full. The drawer was crammed with papers. volstop يَحْشو натъпквам (се) apinhar nacpat, přecpat vollstopfen proppe; overfylde παραγεμίζω, παραφουσκώνω atestar, abarrotar, atiborrar täis toppima چپاندن؛ پر کردن ahtaa bourrer לִדחוֹס ठूंसना, मुहा मुंह भरना prenapuniti teletöm memenuhi troða riempire 詰め込む 가득 채우다 prikimšti, prigrūsti piebāzt; pieblīvēt dipenuhi volproppenstappe, proppe, stue napychać ډکول apinhar a ticsi набивать битком prepchať natlačiti prepuniti fullproppad อัด; ยัดเข้าไป tıka basa doldurmak 塞滿 переповнювати; запихати لبالب يا كهچا كهچ بهرنا nhồi nhét 塞满

2. to push or force. He crammed food into his mouth. instop يُدخِلُ بالقُوَّه، يَحْشو нагъвам forçar nacpat, cpát stopfen stoppe μπουκώνω, σπρώχνω με τη βία meter a la fuerza toppima پر خوری کردن ahtaa fourrer לִדחוֹס बहुत अधिक भरना silom ugurati (bele)zsúfol, töm memaksakan troðfylla cacciare がつがつ食べる 쑤셔 넣다 grūsti, kimšti piestūķēt menyumbatkan proppenproppe, stappe wpychać, pakować, wciskać ډیر خوراک کول forçar a îndesa запихивать pchať basati natrpati proppa, stoppa full กินอย่างตะกละ tıkmak, tıkıştırmak 擠，塞 втискувати; напихати ٹ‍ھ‍ونسنا nhồi 塞入，填塞

3. to prepare (someone) in a short time for an examination. He is being crammed for his university entrance exam. blok, dril يَحْشو دماغ الطالِب بِالمَعْلومات готвя някого за изпит preparar nabiflovat, nahustit einpauken manuducere προετοιμάζω κπ. για εξετάσεις preparar(se) apresuradamente para un examen (kellelegi) pähe tuupima با شتاب برای امتحان آماده کردن valmistella kokeeseen lyhyellä aikavälillä potasser לְהַלעִיט परीक्षा के लिए बहुत शीघ्रता से तैयारी करना učiti za ispit vkinek a fejébe ver mempersiapkan troða fræðslu í preparare ガリ勉させる 벼락치기 공부를 하다 intensyviai ruošti(s), mokyti(s), kalti iemācīt; iekalt; sagatavot eksāmenam pulun klaarstomensprenglese, pugge, føre noen opp til eksamen på kort tid wkuwać د ازموینی لپاره تیزی کول preparar a (se) pregăti de zor натаскивать nabifľovať naguliti se bubati plugga, plugga med, slå i sig (ngn) ศึกษาอย่างเร่งรีบ alelacele sınava hazırlamak 臨時抱佛腳 натаскувати до іспитів مختصر وقت مي‍ں كسى امتحان ك‍ے ل‍ۓ تيار كرنا học gạo 临时准备应试

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

cram

→ يَحْشو, يَعْمَلُ باجتِهاد biflovat, natěsnat (se) proppe, terpe büffeln, vollstopfen μελετώ υπερβολικά, στριμώχνομαι atiborrar, embutir, empollar ahtautua, päntätä bûcher, s’entasser natrpati, štrebati ammassare, sgobbare ガリ勉する, 詰め込む 과식하다, 맹렬히 공부하다 blokken, volproppen proppe, pugge tłoczyć się, wkuć encher, queimar as pestanas впихивать, зубрить plugga, proppa full เรียนอย่างหนัก, ยัด อัดเต็ม ineklemek, tıka basa doldurmak học miệt mài, ních đầy 填满, 用功读书

Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009