rough

rough

left: rough jade

right: polished jade

rough

 (rŭf)

adj. rough·er, rough·est

1.

a. Having a surface marked by irregularities, protuberances, or ridges; not smooth: planed the board so it was no longer rough.

b. Coarse or shaggy to the touch: a rough scratchy blanket.

2.

a. Difficult to travel over or through: the rough terrain of the highlands.

b. Characterized by violent motion; turbulent: rough waters.

c. Difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather: a rough winter.

d. Unpleasant or difficult: had a rough time during the exam.

3.

a. Characterized by or done with violence or forcefulness: a sport noted for rough play; a package that received rough handling.

b. Boisterous, disorderly, or given to violence: ran with a rough crowd.

c. Characterized by violence or crime: lives in a rough neighborhood.

d. Lacking polish or finesse: rough manners.

4. Harsh to the ear: a rough raspy sound.

5. Being in a natural state: rough diamonds.

6. Not perfected, completed, or fully detailed: a rough drawing; rough carpentry.

n.

1. The surface or part of something that is uneven or coarse: felt the rough of his chin.

2.

a. Rugged overgrown terrain.

b. Sports The area of a golf hole in which the grass is left unmowed or is cut to a length longer than that of the fairway.

3.

a. A disorderly, unrefined, or unfinished state.

b. A difficult or disagreeable aspect or condition of something: observed politics in the rough when working as an intern on Capitol Hill.

4. A person given to violent or disorderly behavior; a rowdy.

tr.v. roughed, rough·ing, roughs

1.

a. To treat roughly or with physical violence: roughed up his opponent.

b. Sports To treat (an opposing player) with unnecessary roughness, often in violation of the rules: was ejected from the game for roughing the passer.

2. To prepare or indicate in an unfinished form: rough out a house plan.

adv.

In a rough manner; roughly: The engine began to run rough and faltered.

Idiom:

rough it

To live without the usual comforts and conveniences: roughed it in a small hunting shack.

---

[Middle English, from Old English rūh.]

---

rough′er n.

rough′ly adv.

rough′ness n.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

rough

(rʌf)

adj

1. (of a surface) not smooth; uneven or irregular

2. (of ground) covered with scrub, boulders, etc

3. denoting or taking place on uncultivated ground: rough grazing; rough shooting.

4. shaggy or hairy

5. turbulent; agitated: a rough sea.

6. (of the performance or motion of something) uneven; irregular: a rough engine.

7. (of behaviour or character) rude, coarse, ill mannered, inconsiderate, or violent

8. harsh or sharp: rough words.

9. informal severe or unpleasant: a rough lesson.

10. (of work, a task, etc) requiring physical rather than mental effort

11. informal ill or physically upset: he felt rough after an evening of heavy drinking.

12. unfair or unjust: rough luck.

13. harsh or grating to the ear

14. harsh to the taste

15. without refinement, luxury, etc

16. not polished or perfected in any detail; rudimentary; not elaborate: rough workmanship; rough justice.

17. not prepared or dressed: rough gemstones.

18. (of a guess, estimate, etc) approximate

19. informal Austral (of a chance) not good

20. (Phonetics & Phonology) having the sound of h; aspirated

21. rough on informal chiefly

a. severe towards

b. unfortunate for (a person)

22. the rough side of one's tongue harsh words; a reprimand, rebuke, or verbal attack

n

23. rough ground

24. (Art Terms) a sketch or preliminary piece of artwork

25. an unfinished or crude state (esp in the phrase in the rough)

26. (Golf) the rough golf the part of the course bordering the fairways where the grass is untrimmed

27. (Tennis) tennis squash badminton the side of a racket on which the binding strings form an uneven line

28. (Squash & Fives) tennis squash badminton the side of a racket on which the binding strings form an uneven line

29. (Badminton) tennis squash badminton the side of a racket on which the binding strings form an uneven line

30. informal a rough or violent person; thug

31. the unpleasant side of something (esp in the phrase take the rough with the smooth)

adv

32. in a rough manner; roughly

33. sleep rough to spend the night in the open; be without a home or without shelter

vb

34. (tr) to make rough; roughen

35. (tr; foll by out, in, etc) to prepare (a sketch, report, piece of work, etc) in preliminary form

36. rough it informal to live without the usual comforts or conveniences of life

[Old English rūh; related to Old Norse ruksa, Middle Dutch rūge, rūwe, German rauh]

ˈroughness n

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

rough

(rʌf)

adj. rough•er, rough•est,
n., adv., v. adj.

1. having a coarse or uneven surface, as from projections, irregularities, or breaks.

2. shaggy or coarse: a dog with a rough coat.

3. steep or uneven and covered with high grass, brush, stones, etc.; wild: rough country.

4. acting with or characterized by violence: a rough sport.

5. characterized by turbulence: rough seas.

6. stormy or tempestuous, as wind or weather.

7. lacking in gentleness, care, or consideration: rough handling.

8. sharp or harsh: rough words.

9. unmannerly or rude.

10. disorderly or riotous: a rough mob.

11. difficult or unpleasant: to have a rough time of it.

12. harsh to the ear.

13. harsh to the taste.

14. coarse, as food.

15. lacking culture or refinement.

16. without comforts or conveniences: rough camping.

17. not elaborated, perfected, or corrected; unpolished: a rough draft.

18. approximate or tentative: a rough guess.

19. crude, nonprocessed, or unprepared: rough rice.

20. requiring exertion or strength: rough manual labor.

n.

21. something that is rough, esp. rough ground.

22. any part of a golf course bordering the fairway on which the grass, weeds, etc., are not trimmed.

23. the unpleasant or difficult part of anything.

24. anything in its crude or preliminary form, as a drawing.

adv.

25. in a rough manner; roughly.

v.t.

26. to make rough; roughen.

27. to subject to physical violence (usu. fol. by up).

28. to subject to some rough, preliminary process of working or preparation.

29. to sketch roughly or in outline (often fol. by in or out).

30. to subject (a player on an opposing team) to unnecessary physical abuse, as in blocking or tackling.

v.i.

31. to become rough, as a surface.

32. to behave roughly.

Idioms:

rough it, to live without customary comforts or conveniences.

[before 1000; Middle English (adj. and n.), Old English rūh (adj.), c. Middle Dutch rū(ch), Old High German rūh (German rauh)]

rough′ish, adj.

rough′ly, adv.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

rough

Past participle: roughed
Gerund: roughing

Imperative

rough

rough

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

rough

Untrimmed grass bordering the fairway.

Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright © 2008 by Diagram Visual Information Limited

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	rough - the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short golf course, links course - course consisting of a large landscaped area for playing golf land site, site - the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located); "a good site for the school"
Verb	1.	rough - prepare in preliminary or sketchy form rough in, rough out prepare - to prepare verbally, either for written or spoken delivery; "prepare a report"; "prepare a speech"
Adj.	1.	rough - having or caused by an irregular surface; "trees with rough bark"; "rough ground"; "rough skin"; "rough blankets"; "his unsmooth face" unsmooth uneven - not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture; "an uneven color"; "uneven ground"; "uneven margins"; "wood with an uneven grain" unironed, wrinkled - (of linens or clothes) not ironed; "a pile of unironed laundry"; "wore unironed jeans" unpolished - not carefully reworked or perfected or made smooth by polishing; "dull unpolished shoes" irregular - contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice; "irregular hiring practices" coarse, harsh - of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles; "coarse meal"; "coarse sand"; "a coarse weave" nonslippery - not slippery; not likely to slip or skid smooth - having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities; "smooth skin"; "a smooth tabletop"; "smooth fabric"; "a smooth road"; "water as smooth as a mirror"
	2.	rough - (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse; "she was a diamond in the rough"; "rough manners" unrefined - (used of persons and their behavior) not refined; uncouth; "how can a refined girl be drawn to such an unrefined man?"
	3.	rough - not quite exact or correct; "the approximate time was 10 o'clock"; "a rough guess"; "a ballpark estimate" approximate, approximative inexact - not exact
	4.	rough - full of hardship or trials; "the rocky road to success"; "they were having a rough time" rocky difficult, hard - not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; "a difficult task"; "nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access"; "difficult times"; "why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?"
	5.	rough - violently agitated and turbulent; "boisterous winds and waves"; "the fierce thunders roar me their music"- Ezra Pound; "rough weather"; "rough seas" boisterous, fierce stormy - (especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion; "a stormy day"; "wide and stormy seas"
	6.	rough - unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound; "a gravelly voice" grating, rasping, raspy, gravelly, scratchy cacophonic, cacophonous - having an unpleasant sound; "as cacophonous as a henyard"- John McCarten
	7.	rough - ready and able to resort to force or violence; "pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance"- Herman Melville; "they were rough and determined fighting men" pugnacious aggressive - having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends; "an aggressive businessman"; "an aggressive basketball player"; "he was aggressive and imperious; positive in his convictions"; "aggressive drivers"
	8.	rough - of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped phytology, botany - the branch of biology that studies plants unsubdivided, simple - (botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions compound - composed of more than one part; "compound leaves are composed of several lobes; "compound flower heads" smooth - of the margin of a leaf shape; not broken up into teeth
	9.	rough - causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements; "a rough ride" bumpy, jolting, jolty, jumpy, rocky smooth - of motion that runs or flows or proceeds without jolts or turbulence; "a smooth ride"
	10.	rough - not shaped by cutting or trimming; "an uncut diamond"; "rough gemstones" uncut
	11.	rough - not carefully or expertly made; "managed to make a crude splint"; "a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them"; "rough carpentry" crude unskilled - not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency; "unskilled in the art of rhetoric"; "an enthusiastic but unskillful mountain climber"; "unskilled labor"; "workers in unskilled occupations are finding fewer and fewer job opportunities"; "unskilled workmanship"
	12.	rough - not perfected; "a rough draft"; "a few rough sketches" unpolished - not carefully reworked or perfected or made smooth by polishing; "dull unpolished shoes"
	13.	rough - unpleasantly stern; "wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"; "the nomad life is rough and hazardous" harsh unpleasant - disagreeable to the senses, to the mind, or feelings ; "an unpleasant personality"; "unpleasant repercussions"; "unpleasant odors"
	14.	rough - unkind or cruel or uncivil; "had harsh words"; "a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"; "a rough answer" harsh unkind - lacking kindness; "a thoughtless and unkind remark"; "the unkindest cut of all"
Adv.	1.	rough - with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly'); "he was pushed roughly aside"; "they treated him rough" roughly colloquialism - a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech
	2.	rough - with rough motion as over a rough surface; "ride rough" roughly

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

rough

adjective

1. uneven, broken, rocky, rugged, irregular, jagged, bumpy, stony, craggy She made her way across the rough ground.
uneven even, level, regular, smooth, unbroken

2. coarse, disordered, tangled, hairy, fuzzy, bushy, shaggy, dishevelled, uncut, unshaven, tousled, bristly, unshorn people who looked rough and stubbly
coarse soft, smooth

3. boisterous, hard, tough, aggressive, brutal, vicious, rugged, arduous, unrestrained Rugby's a rough game.

4. ungracious, blunt, rude, coarse, bluff, curt, churlish, bearish, brusque, uncouth, unrefined, inconsiderate, impolite, loutish, untutored, discourteous, unpolished, indelicate, uncivil, uncultured, unceremonious, ill-bred, unmannerly, ill-mannered He was rough and common.
ungracious civil, smooth, sophisticated, elegant, pleasant, delicate, refined, polite, graceful, gracious, courteous, considerate, urbane, courtly, well-bred, well-mannered

5. unpleasant, hard, difficult, tough, uncomfortable, drastic, unjust Women have a rough time in our society.
unpleasant easy, soft, comfortable, pleasant, cushy (informal)

6. (Informal) unwell, poorly (informal), ill, upset, sick, crook (Austral. & N.Z. informal), rotten (informal), below par, off colour, under the weather (informal), not a hundred per cent (informal), ropey or ropy (Brit. informal) The lad is still feeling a bit rough.

7. approximate, estimated, vague, ballpark, imprecise, inexact We were only able to make a rough estimate.
approximate perfected, specific, exact

8. vague, general, sketchy, imprecise, hazy, foggy, amorphous, inexact I've got a rough idea of what he looks like.

9. basic, quick, raw, crude, unfinished, incomplete, hasty, imperfect, rudimentary, sketchy, cursory, shapeless, rough-and-ready, unrefined, formless, rough-hewn, untutored, unpolished Make a rough plan of the space.
basic detailed, finished, complete, perfected, specific, polished, refined

10. rough-hewn, crude, uncut, unpolished, raw, undressed, unprocessed, unhewn, unwrought a rough wooden table

11. stormy, wild, turbulent, agitated, choppy, tempestuous, inclement, squally The ships collided in rough seas.
stormy quiet, calm, smooth, gentle, tranquil

12. grating, harsh, jarring, raucous, rasping, husky, discordant, gruff, cacophonous, unmusical, inharmonious 'Wait!' a rough voice commanded.
grating soft, smooth, harmonious

13. harsh, tough, sharp, severe, nasty, cruel, rowdy, curt, unfeeling I was a bit rough with you this morning.
harsh just, kind, soft, quiet, gentle, pleasant, mild

noun

1. outline, draft, mock-up, preliminary sketch, suggestion Editors are always saying that the roughs are better.

2. (Informal) thug, tough, casual, rowdy, hoon (Austral. & N.Z.), bully boy, bruiser, ruffian, lager lout, roughneck (slang), ned (slang) The roughs of the town are out.

rough and ready

1. makeshift, adequate, crude, provisional, improvised, sketchy, thrown together, cobbled together, stopgap Here is a rough and ready measurement.

2. unrefined, shabby, untidy, unkempt, unpolished, ungroomed, ill-groomed The soldiers were a bit rough and ready.

rough and tumble

1. fight, struggle, scrap (informal), brawl, scuffle, punch-up (Brit. informal), fracas, affray (Law), dust-up (informal), shindig (informal), donnybrook, scrimmage, roughhouse (slang), shindy (informal), melee or mêlée the rough and tumble of political combat

2. disorderly, rough, scrambled, scrambling, irregular, rowdy, boisterous, haphazard, indisciplined He enjoys rough and tumble play.

rough someone up (Informal) beat up, batter, thrash, do over (Brit., Austral., & N.Z. slang), work over (slang), mistreat, manhandle, maltreat, bash up (informal), beat the living daylights out of (informal), knock about or around They roughed him up a bit

rough something out outline, plan, draft, sketch, suggest, block out, delineate, adumbrate He roughed out a framework for their story.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

rough

adjective

1. Having a surface that is not smooth:

coarse, cragged, craggy, harsh, ironbound, jagged, ragged, rugged, scabrous, uneven.

2. Consisting of or covered with large particles:

coarse, grainy, granular, gritty.

3. Violently disturbed or agitated, as by storms:

dirty, heavy, raging, roiled, roily, rugged, stormy, tempestuous, tumultuous, turbulent, ugly, violent, wild.

4. Requiring great or extreme bodily, mental, or spiritual strength:

arduous, backbreaking, burdensome, demanding, difficult, effortful, exacting, exigent, formidable, hard, heavy, laborious, onerous, oppressive, rigorous, severe, taxing, tough, trying, weighty.

5. Causing sharp, often prolonged discomfort:

bitter, brutal, hard, harsh, severe.

6. Hard to deal with or get out of:

tight, tricky.

Informal: sticky.

7. Lacking in delicacy or refinement:

barbarian, barbaric, boorish, churlish, coarse, crass, crude, gross, ill-bred, indelicate, philistine, rude, tasteless, uncivilized, uncouth, uncultivated, uncultured, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar.

8. Marked by vigorous physical exertion:

knockabout, rough-and-tumble, rugged, strenuous, tough.

9. Disagreeable to the sense of hearing:

dry, grating, harsh, hoarse, jarring, rasping, raspy, raucous, scratchy, squawky, strident.

10. In a primitive state; not domesticated or cultivated; produced by nature:

native, natural, uncultivated, undomesticated, untamed, wild.

11. Not perfected, elaborated, or completed:

preliminary, sketchy, tentative, unfinished, unperfected, unpolished.

12. Lacking expert, careful craftsmanship:

crude, primitive, raw, rude, unpolished.

verb

To be rough or brutal with.Also used with up:

knock about (or around), manhandle, slap around.

Slang: mess up.

phrasal verb
rough in or out

To draw up a preliminary plan or version of:

adumbrate, block in (or out), draft, outline, sketch.

phrasal verb
rough up

To injure or damage, as by abuse or heavy wear:

batter, knock about (or around), mangle, maul.

noun

A preliminary plan or version, as of a written work:

draft, outline, skeleton, sketch.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

خَشِنعاصِفعَنيف، فَظ، صاخِبغَيْرُ لَطِيفغَيْر مُسْتَوٍ

hrubýnásilníknásilnýnepříjemnýporost

grovhårdløseligruujævn

grobrauunebenrauhroh

τραχύς

ásperoaccidentadoaproximadorudobrusco

kareligilähedane

karheikkokarkeakovakourainenraffi

ruderugueuxrustiqueviolentvoyou

grub

durvahepehupás terepnagyol

erfiîur; hrjúfurgrófur, hrjúfurgrófur, ójafngrófur, ómótaîurröff, kargi

ruvidorudeapprossimativoapprossimatoburrascoso

手荒な粗い

거친

apmestiaudringasnelygi aikštelėnesubrandintasneužbaigtas

aptuvensgrambainsgrūtshuligānsnelīdzens

ruwruig

hardhendthumpetruutenfor fairwayen

brutalnyszorstki

ásperobrutorude

грубыйшероховатый

grobhrapavneravenpribliženraskav

grovhårdhänt

รุนแรงหยาบ

kabakaba alankabadayıkülhanbeyipürüzlü

rápthô lỗ

粗糙的粗鲁的艰难的高尔夫球场上的障碍区粗鲁刺耳的

rough

[rʌf]

A. ADJ (rougher (compar) (roughest (superl)))

1. (= coarse) [surface, texture] → áspero, rugoso; [skin] → áspero; [cloth] → basto; [hand] → calloso
to give sb the rough edge or side of one's tongue → echar una buena bronca a algn

2. (= uneven) [terrain] → accidentado, escabroso; [road] → desigual, lleno de baches; [track, ground] → desigual; [edge] → irregular
he'll be a good salesman once we knock off the rough edges → será un buen vendedor una vez que lo hayamos pulido un poco

3. (= harsh, unpleasant) [voice, sound] → ronco; [wine] → áspero; [life] → difícil, duro; [climate, winter] → duro, severo

4. (= not gentle) [behaviour, person, voice, manner] → brusco; [words, tone] → severo, áspero; [play, sport, game] → violento; [neighbourhood, area] → malo, peligroso
you're too rough → eres demasiado bruto
he's a rough customer → es un tipo peligroso
to get rough [person] → ponerse bruto; [game] → volverse violento
children's toys must be able to withstand a lot of rough handling → los juguetes de niños tienen que ser resistentes porque con frecuencia los tratan sin ningún cuidado
he got rough justice → recibió un castigo duro pero apropiado
rough stuff → violencia f
there were complaints of rough treatment at the hands of the police → hubo quejas de malos tratos a manos de la policía
he came in for some rough treatment in the press → fue objeto de duras críticas por parte de la prensa
to be rough with sb → ser brusco con algn
to be rough with sth → ser brusco con algo

5. (= stormy) [sea] → agitado, encrespado; [wind] → violento; [weather] → tormentoso, tempestuoso
we had a rough crossing → el barco se movió mucho durante la travesía
to get rough [sea] → embravecerse

6. (= unpolished, crude) [person] → tosco, rudo; [manners, speech] → tosco; [shelter, table, tunic] → tosco, basto; [gemstone] → en bruto
he's a rough diamond → es un diamante en bruto

7. (= hard, tough) → duro
things are rough now, but they will get better → las cosas están un poco difíciles ahora pero mejorarán
to be rough on sb [situation] → ser duro para algn; [person] → ser duro con algn
parents' divorce can be really rough on children → el divorcio de los padres puede ser muy duro para los niños
don't be so rough on him, it's not his fault → no seas tan duro con él, no es culpa suya
it's a bit rough on him to have to do all the housework → no es muy justo que él tenga que hacer todo el trabajo de la casa
to give sb a rough ride or a rough time → hacérselo pasar mal a algn
to have a rough time (of it) → pasarlo mal
when the going gets rough → cuando las cosas se ponen feas

8. (Brit) (= ill) "how are you?" - "a bit rough" → -¿cómo estás? -no muy bien
to feel rough → encontrarse mal
to look rough → tener muy mal aspecto or muy mala cara

9. (= approximate) [calculation, estimate, description, outline] → aproximado; [translation] → hecho a grandes rasgos, aproximado
I would say 50 at a rough guess → diría que 50 aproximadamente
as a rough guide, it should take about ten minutes → llevará unos diez minutos más o menos, llevará aproximadamente diez minutos
can you give me a rough idea of how long it will take? → ¿puedes darme una idea aproximada or más o menos una idea de cuánto tiempo llevará?

10. (= preparatory) [work] → de preparación, preliminar
rough book → cuaderno m de borrador
rough copy, rough draft → borrador m
rough paper → papel m de borrador
rough plan, rough sketch → bosquejo m, boceto m

B. ADV
to live rough → vivir sin las comodidades más básicas
to play rough → jugar duro
to sleep rough → dormir a la intemperie
to cut up rough she cut up rough when she discovered what had been going on → se puso hecha una furia cuando descubrió lo que había estado pasando

C. N

1. (= person) → matón m, tipo m duro

2. (= draft) → borrador m
we'll do it in rough first → lo haremos primero en borrador

3. to take the rough with the smooth → tomar las duras con las maduras

4. (Golf) → rough m, zona f de matojos

D. VT to rough it → vivir sin comodidades

E. CPD rough puff pastry N → hojaldre m

rough in VT + ADV [+ shape, figure, outline] → esbozar, bosquejar

rough out VT + ADV [+ plan] → esbozar, bosquejar

rough up VT + ADV

1. [+ hair] → despeinar

2. to rough sb up → dar una paliza a algn

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

rough

[ˈrʌf]

adj

(= not smooth) [cloth, skin] → rêche; [hands] → rêche; [surface] → rugueux/euse; [terrain, ground] → accidenté(e); [path] → rocailleux/euse
My hands are rough → J'ai les mains rêches.
rough edges [object] → aspérités fpl; [performance, song, piece writing] → côté m mal dégrossi; [person's character] → côté m mal dégrossi

(= harsh) [voice] → rauque, rude

[wine] → râpeux/euse

(= coarse) [person, manner] → rude, fruste

(= violent) [game, sport, person, treatment] → brutal(e)
Rugby's a rough sport → Le rugby est un sport brutal.
to be rough with sb → être brutal avec qn

[district, area, neighbourhood] → mal famé(e)
It's a rough area → C'est un quartier mal famé.

(= stormy) [weather] → mauvais(e); [sea] → agité(e)
The sea is rough today → La mer est agitée aujourd'hui.
The sea was rough → La mer était agitée.

(= approximate) [calculation, plan] → approximatif/ive; [idea, description] → vague before n
I've got a rough idea → J'ai une vague idée.
at a rough guess → à vue de nez
a rough sketch → un schéma
It often helps to make a rough sketch → Cela aide souvent de faire un schéma.
a rough outline of sth → les grande lignes de qch
a rough estimate → une estimation approximative
as a rough guide → à titre indicatif

(= basic) [shelter, table] → rudimentaire

(= difficult) [life] → dur(e); [day] → dur(e) before n
to have a rough time → en voir de dures
to have a rough time of it → en voir de dures
to be rough on sb [situation] → être dur pour qn
It's rough on him → C'est dur pour lui.

(= unfair) → rude
to get a rough deal → ne pas être gâté(e)
to be rough on sb (= unkind, unfair) → être dur(e) avec qn

(British) (= ill) to feel rough → être mal fichu(e)
to look rough → ne pas avoir l'air bien
She looks rough! Has she been up all night? → Elle n'a pas l'air bien! Elle n'a pas dormi de la nuit?

n

(GOLF) → rough m

(= draft) in rough [draw, write] → au brouillon

vt
to rough it → vivre à la dure

adv

to play rough [children, sportsmen] → jouer avec brutalité

(British) to sleep rough → coucher à la dure
to live rough → vivre à la dure

rough out

vt sep (= draft) → esquisser

rough up

vt sep (= beat up) → malmener

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

rough

adj (+er)

(= uneven) ground → uneben; path, road → uneben, holprig; surface, skin, hands, cloth → rau; rough edges (fig) → Ecken und Kanten pl

(= harsh) sound → hart; voice, tone → rau; taste, wine → sauer; words → grob, hart; to have rough luck → schweres Pech haben; to have a rough tongue (fig) → eine scharfe Zunge haben; he got the rough side of her tongue → er bekam (von ihr) den Marsch geblasen

(= coarse, unrefined) person → ungehobelt; manners, speech → grob, roh

(= violent) person, child → grob, roh; treatment, handling → grob, hart; life → wüst; children’s game → wild; match, sport, work → hart; neighbourhood, manners, pub → rau; sea, weather, wind → rau, stürmisch; sea crossing → stürmisch; a rough customer (inf) → ein übler Typ (inf); to be rough with somebody → grob mit jdm umgehen, unsanft mit jdm umspringen (inf); rough play (Sport) → Holzerei f (inf)

(inf: = unpleasant) he had a rough time (of it) → es ging ihm ziemlich dreckig (inf); to be in for a rough time (of it) → harten Zeiten entgegensehen; the examiners gave him a rough time → die Prüfer haben ihn ganz schön rangenommen (inf); to make things rough for somebody → jdm Schwierigkeiten machen; to be rough on somebody → grob mit jdm umspringen; it’s rough on him → das ist hart für ihn; things are rough just now → die Dinge stehen im Moment schlecht; to have a rough ride → es nicht leicht haben; to get a rough ride → Schwierigkeiten bekommen; to give somebody a rough ride → jdm die Hölle heißmachen (inf); he faces a rough ride from the media → die Medien werden es ihm nicht leicht machen; when the going gets rough … → wenn es hart wird, …

(= approximate, rudimentary) plan, calculation, estimate, translation → grob, ungefähr; workmanship → schludrig; rough sketch → Faustskizze f; in its rough state → im Rohzustand; do your rough work on the paper provided → macht euer Konzept auf dem dafür bereitgestellten Papier; at a rough guess → grob geschätzt; to give somebody a rough idea → jdm einen groben Anhaltspunkt geben; to have a rough idea → eine vage Idee or eine ungefähre Ahnung haben

(= basic, crude) shelter → notdürftig; clothes → derb

(inf: = unwell) to feel rough → sich mies fühlen (inf); the engine sounds pretty rough → der Motor hört sich nicht gerade gut an

adv live → wüst; play → wild; to sleep rough → im Freien übernachten

n

→ unwegsames Gelände; (Golf) → Rau nt; rough or smooth? (Sport) → untere oder obere Seite? (des Schlägers, die durch einen roten Faden gekennzeichnet ist; zum Bestimmen, wer anfängt); she likes a bit of rough (Brit inf: sexually) → sie mags gern heftig (sl)

(= unpleasant aspect) to take the rough with the smooth → das Leben nehmen, wie es kommt

(= draft, sketch) → Rohentwurf m; in (the) rough → im Rohzustand; a diamond in the rough → ein Rohdiamant m

(= person) → Rowdy m, → Schläger m

vt to rough it (inf) → primitiv leben

---

rough

:

rough-and-ready

adj method, equipment, place → provisorisch; work → zusammengehauen (inf), → zusammengepfuscht (inf); person → rau(beinig); measure, interpretation, attitude → grob

rough-and-tumble

n (= play) → Balgerei f; (= fighting) → Keilerei f; after the rough of life in the navy → nach seinem wilden Leben in der Marine

rough book

n (Sch) → Schmierheft nt

roughcast vb: pret, ptp <roughcast>

n → Rauputz m

vt → rau verputzen

rough coat

n (Archit) → Roh- or Rauputz m

rough copy

n → Konzept nt

rough diamond

n (lit) → Rohdiamant m; he’s a rough → er ist rau, aber herzlich

rough draft

n → Rohentwurf m, → grober Entwurf

rough-dry

vt → einfach trocknen

---

rough

:

rough-hew

vt timber → grob behauen

roughhouse (inf)

n → Schlägerei f

vt → herumstoßen

---

rough

:

rough notebook

n (Sch) → Schmierheft nt

rough paper

n → Konzeptpapier nt

roughrider

n → Zureiter(in) m(f)

roughshod

adv to ride rough over somebody/something → rücksichtslos über jdn/etw hinweggehen

rough-spoken

adj to be rough → sich ungehobelt ausdrücken

rough stuff

n → Schlägereien pl, → eine Schlägerei

rough trade

n (sl) (ohne feste Bindungsabsicht ausgewählter) homosexueller Geschlechtspartner mit grobem oder gewalttätigem Verhalten

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

rough

[rʌf]

1. adj (-er (comp) (-est (superl)))

a. (uneven, ground, road, path, edge) → accidentato/a; (not smooth, skin, cloth, surface, hands) → ruvido/a

b. (voice) → rauco/a; (taste, wine) → aspro/a; (coarse, unrefined, person, manners, life) → rozzo/a; (harsh, person, game) → violento/a; (neighbourhood) → poco raccomandabile, malfamato/a; (sea crossing, weather) → brutto/a
the sea is rough today → c'è mare grosso oggi
I don't want any rough stuff! (fam) → niente risse!
a rough customer (fam) → un duro
to have a rough time (of it) → passare un periodaccio
to give sb a rough time (of it) → rendere la vita dura a qn
it's rough on him → che sfortuna per lui
to feel rough (Brit) (fam) → sentirsi male

c. (calculation, figures) → approssimativo/a, approssimato/a; (plan) → sommario/a
rough work, rough draft, rough copy → brutta copia
rough sketch → schizzo
rough estimate → approssimazione f
at a rough guess or estimate → ad occhio e croce
he's a rough diamond → sotto quei modi un po' grezzi si nasconde un cuore d'oro

2. adv to play rough (Sport) → giocare pesante; (children) → fare dei giochi violenti
to sleep rough (Brit) → dormire all'addiaccio
to live rough → vivere in strada

3. n

a. (fam) (person) → duro

b. to take the rough with the smooth → prendere le cose come vengono

c. (Golf) → erba alta, macchia

4. vt to rough it (fam) → far vita dura

rough out vt + adv (draft, plan) → fare un abbozzo di, abbozzare

rough up vt + adv (fam) to rough sb up → malmenare qn

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

rough

(raf) adjective

1. not smooth. Her skin felt rough. grof خَشِن груб áspero drsný, hrubý rauh ru τραχύς, άγριοςáspero kare ناهموار karkea rugueux, rêcheמחוספס खुरदरा hrapav durva kasar grófur, hrjúfur ruvido 粗い 거칠거칠한 šiurkštus, grubus raupjš kasar ruwru, knudret, ujevnszorstki نا هموار áspero aspru шершавый drsný, hrubý hrapav grub grov, skrovlig, sträv ขรุขระ pürüzlü 粗糙的 шершавий; грубий نا ہموار nhám; ráp 粗糙的

2. uneven. a rough path. ongelyk غَيْر مُسْتَوٍ неравен desigual zvlněný uneben ujævn ανώμαλοςaccidentado ebatasane ناهموار epätasainen accidentéמשובש तूफानी neravan egyenetlen jalan bergelombang grófur, ójafn accidentato でこぼこの 울퉁불퉁한 nelygus nelīdzens; grambains tidak sekata oneffenujevn, humpetwyboisty نا هموار desigual accidentat неровный hrboľatý neraven neravan ojämn, kuperad ไม่เรียบ düzgün olmayan 崎嶇的 вибоїстий بے ترتیب gồ ghề 崎岖的

3. harsh; unpleasant. a rough voice; She's had a rough time since her husband died. onaangenaam, harde أجَش، غَليظ суров duro drsný, nepříjemný rauh, hart hård δύσκολος, ζόρικος duro; brusco karm سخت؛ دشوار epämiellyttävä brusque; rudeסוער कच्चा težak, surov érdes tidak menyenangkan erfiður; hrjúfur rude; difficile 荒々しい 불쾌한 šiurkštus, nemalonus, sunkus skarbs; grūts serak akelighard, barskszorstki, ciężki سخت ،مشکل duro răguşit; greu резкий ťažký, nepríjemný raskav; neprijeten grub sträv, barsk, kärv ยากลำบาก kaba; sert, çetin 粗聲的，辛苦的 грубий کھردرا khó khăn; thô lỗ 粗鲁的，艰难的

4. noisy and violent. rough behaviour. rof عَنيف، فَظ، صاخِب шумен brutal hrubý, násilný roh grov απότομος, άξεστοςrudo; bruto; violento tahumatu خشن karski violent, brutalגס कठिनाईभरा osoran, neuglađen nyers kasar ruddalegur sgarbato 荒っぽい 난폭한 grubus rupjš; nepieklājīgs bising, kasar onbehouwengrov, voldeliggrubiański ځیږ، خشن brutal violent, brutal шумливый; буйный hrubý surov nasilan ohyfsad, råbarkad, våldsam เอะอะโวยวาย kaba, sert, gürültücü 粗野的 неввічливий; неделікатний تیز و تند lỗ mãng 粗鲁刺耳的

5. stormy. The sea was rough; rough weather. onstuimig عاصِف бурен tempestuoso bouřlivý rauh stormende ταραγμένος, άγριοςturbulento; embravecido tormine نا آرام؛ متلاطم myrskyinen houleux, mauvaisסוער रूखा uzburkan viharos berbadai úfinn; rysjóttur tempestoso 荒天の 폭풍우의 audringas, žvarbus vētrains ribut ruwstormfull, grovburzliwy نا آرام tempestuoso agitat; urât бурный; суровый búrlivý razburkan olujan gropig, stormig, hård มีพายุรุนแรง fırtınalı, sert 狂暴的 бурхливий طوفانی dữ dội; (thời tiết) xấu 狂暴的

6. not complete or exact; approximate. a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate. skatting تَقْريبي приблизителен aproximado hrubý, přibližný roh skitseret; løselig; grov πρόχειρος, χονδρικός, κατά προσέγγισηaproximativo, esbozado kohmakas کارهای ناتمام karkea ébauché, approximatif לא מְלוּטָש अशान्त grub (skica, nacrt) hozzávetőleges, durva kasaran grófur, ómótaður approssimativo 大ざっぱな 대강의 neužbaigtas, nesubrandintas, apytikris uzmetuma-; aptuvens tidak secara menyeluruh schetsmatigrøff, grovprzybliżony نا تمام شوی کارونه aproximado aproxima­tiv; sub formă de ciornă черновой; приблизительный hrubý, približný grob grub rå, grov, ungefärlig คร่าว ๆ yaklaşık 約略的 чорновий; приблизний نا مکمل gần đúng 粗略的

noun

1. a violent bully. a gang of roughs. afknouer مُعَربِد عَنيف хулиган bruto násilník der Schläger bølle τραμπούκος, μάγκας bruto, gamberro pätt گردن کلفت؛ آدم خشن raakalainen voyouבריון गुण्डा बदमाश razbijač huligán berandal ruddi, hrotti teppista 乱暴者 불량배 chuliganas huligāns ganas ruwe kerel bølle, rampchuligan ځیګ اوخشن سړی bruto huligan хулиган násilník surovina nasilnik buse, ligist อันธพาล kabadayı, külhanbeyi 暴徒 грубіян; хуліган ناشاءستہ گروہ thằng du côn 暴徒

2. uneven or uncultivated ground on a golf course. I lost my ball in the rough. ruigte أرْض مَلْعَب الغولف الخَشِنَه غَيْر المقصوصَه неравна част на голф игрище mato porost unebener Boden udenfor fairway'en ανώμαλη περιοχή γηπέδου γκολφ rough konarus بخ شچمن زنی نشده rough rough שֶׁטָח לא יַשָר ऊबड़-खाबड़ जमीन divljina hepehupás terep tanah kasar röff, kargi (terreno accidentato) ラフ (골프) 러프 nelygi aikštelė nelīdzens laukums kawasan tidak rata rough utenfor fairwayen, rough !!dzika część pola golfowego اومه مواد mato teren accidentat бурьян porast zunaj igrišča živica ruff พงหญ้าในสนามกอล์ฟ kaba alan 高爾夫球場的起伏地面 нерівне поле ناہموار زمین nơi đất gồ ghề 高尔夫球场上的障碍区

ˈroughly adverb

rof بِخُشونَه، بصورةٍ تَقْريبيَّه грубо asperamente hrubě rauh råt; groft; cirka; i grove træk άγρια, πρόχειρα, κατά προσέγγισηásperamente; rudamente; duramente karedalt, ligikaudu تقریبا؛ با خشونت karkeasti brutalementבערך लगभग, असावधानी से, अशिष्टता से grubo, približno nagyjából, durván, hozzávetőlegesen secara kasar gróflega approssimativamente; rudemente 荒っぽく 거칠게 šiurkščiai, grubiai skarbi; rupji; aptuveni secara kasar ruwgrovt, hardhendt; cirka, omtrent brutalnie, z grubsza تقریباُ له خشونت سره asperamente brutal; grosolan грубо; приблизительно hrubo surovo, približno grubo grovt [räknat], rått, ojämnt อย่างคร่าว ๆ kabaca 粗糙地，約略地 грубо ناشاءستہ طریقے سے ráp; dữ dội; thô lỗ 粗糙地

ˈroughness noun

rofheid خُشونَه грубост aspereza hrubost die Rauheit ruhed τραχύτητα aspereza; rudeza karedus, ligikaudsus زبری؛ خشونت karkeus rudesseגסות खुरदरापन hrapavost, grubost durvaság, egyenetlenség, ridegség kekasaran grófleiki rudezza; asprezza 荒っぽさ 거칠거칠함 šiurkštumas, grubumas skarbums; rupjība kekasaran ruwheid ruhet, grovhet; stormfullt vær szorstkość خشونت،زورزیاتی aspereza asprime; grosolănie; apro­xi­­mare шероховатость; резкость; грубость; суровость hrubosť grobost grubost grovhet, råhet, ojämnhet ความไม่เรียบ kabalık 粗糙 грубість ناشاءستگی sự ráp; dữ dội; thô lỗ 粗糙度

ˈroughage (-fidʒ) noun

substances in food, eg bran or fibre, which help digestion. ruvoedsel لنُّخالَه تُؤْكَلُ لِتَسْهيل الهَضْم груба храна fibra vláknina unverdauliche Nährstoffe fiberrig kost ινώδης τροφή alimentos ricos en fibra kiudaine مواد خوراکی زبر kuitu aliments de lestסובין मोटा चारा, रूक्षांश vlaknasta hrana (krma) rostanyag makanan berserat grófmeti fibra 繊維質食品 섬유질 식품 rupios maisto medžiagos rupja barība serat ruwe vezels fiber niestrawne części pożywienia خوراکی مواد fibra sub­stanţe care stimulează digestia грубая пища nestráviteľné látky balastne snovi vlaknasta hrana kostfibrer วัตถุหยาบ selülozlu besin 食物中粗糠、纖維等助消化的物質 груба їжа خراب یا بھدہ مادہ chất xơ 粗饲料，粗粮

ˈroughen verb

to make or become rough. The sea roughened as the wind rose. rofmaak يُخَشِّن، يَجْعَل السَّطْح خَشِنا загрубявам tornar(-se) rude zhrubnout; rozbouřit se rauh werden blive rå αγριεύωembravecerse karmistama, karmistuma ناهموار شدن یا کردن karhentaa devenir rude/houleux לְחַספֵּס गंदा करना, खुरदरा बनाना ohrapaviti se, uzburkati (se) viharossá válik berombak besar ÿfa(st) agitarsi; irruvidire 荒れる 거칠게 하다 pa(si)šiaušti padarīt nelīdzenu; kļūt nelīdzenam menjadi ganas ruw maken, ruw worden gjøre ru; gå høy, piskes opp wzburzyć się نا همواره کیدل tornar(-se) violento a se înăspri; a deveni furios становиться бурным rozbúriť sa postati razburkan ogrubeti göra (bli) stormigare (hårdare) ทำให้หยาบ pürüzlen(dir)mek (使)變粗糙 грубіти کھردرا ہونا یا کرنا dữ dội 使...变粗糙

rough diamond

a person of fine character but rough manners. ruwe diamant الماسَةُ الخَشِنَه: شَخْص طيِّب لكنه خَشِن التَّصَرُّفات необработен диамант diamante bruto / pessoa de fino caráter e de péssimos modos člověk s dobrým jádrem pod drsnou slupkou ein Mensch mit gutem Kern und rauher Schale bamse ακατέργαστο διαμάντι diamante en bruto lihvimata teemant شخص خوب ولی از کار درنیامده hiomaton timantti personne aimable sous des dehors frustes יָהֲלוֹם גוֹלמִי neuglađen kemény de gerinces személy orang kasar hrjúfur en ágætur inn við beinið (un burbero benefico) 荒削りの人 아직 갈지 않은 다이아몬드 gero būdo, bet šiurkštus žmogus krietns, bet neaudzināts/neizglītots cilvēks berperwatakan kasar tetapi baik hati ruwe bolster udannet person med et hjerte av gull nie oszlifowany brylant ښه سړی ولی له شډل عادتونو سره pessoa boa mas rude brânză bună în burduf de câine неотшлифованный алмаз nebrúsený diamant nebrušen diamant nebrušen dijamant oslipad diamant คนที่ดูดีแต่มารยาททราม dürüst fakat kaba kimse 舉止粗魯但本質好的人 неогранований алмаз ایسا شخص جو مغرور اور نامہذب نظر آتا ہو لیکن حقیقتاً بہت مہربان اور رحمدل ہو người thô kệch nhưng trung thực và tốt bụng 举止粗鲁但本质好的人

ˌrough-and-ˈready adjective

1. not carefully made or finished, but good enough. a rough-and-ready meal. goed genoeg غَيْر مَصقول ولكنَّه مَقْبول бърз improvisado narychlo udělaný Behelfs-... nogenlunde πρόχειροςimprovisado; rudimentario käib küll سر دستی nopeasti kasaan kyhätty de fortune מספִּיק טוֹב काम चलाऊ za nuždu, improviziran elnagyolt cukup memadai frumstæður en nothæfur rimediato 間に合わせの 급조한 paskubomis parengtas uz ātru roku pagatavots baik walaupun tidak dibuat secara teliti geïmproviseerdprimitiv men effektiv; greit nok niewyszukany, ale znośny سر دستی improvisado încropit la repezeală сделанный на скорую руку narýchlo urobený na hitro zmašen zadovoljavajući enkel, utan krumbukter สะดวกและเตรียมรวดเร็วแต่ไม่ดีเท่าไหร่ kaba fakat iş görür 粗製但品質不錯的 зроблений на скору руку گزارے کے لاءق qua loa đại khái nhưng được việc 粗糙但尚能使用的

2. (of people) friendly enough but without politeness etc. vriendelik maar ongemanierd وُدّي لكنهُ غَيْر مُهَذَّب приятелски sem cerimônia bez servítků rauh aber zuverlässig jævn og ligetil ανεπιτήδευτος, αυθόρμητοςcampechano; tosco tahumatu آدم زبرو زرنگ kursailematon sans façon לא מְלוּטָש कच्चा, मामूली neuglađen mesterkéletlen (ember) kasar tetapi baik vinsamlegur en óheflaður brusco, sbrigativo 粗野な 거칠지만 유능한 šiurkštokas, paprastas vienkāršs; prasts peramah tetapi tidak sopan ongegeneerdudannet men greiprosty توند سړی sem cerimónia nepoliticos, dar prietenos бесцеремонный (človek) drsný zagoveden prijateljski rättfram, otvungen เป็นมิตรดีแต่ไม่สุภาพเรียบร้อย candan fakat kaba 粗魯但友善的(人) грубуватий دوستانہ مگر ناشاءستہ برتاو والے لوگ tốt bụng nhưng thô lỗ 鲁莽但尚顶用的（人）

ˌrough-and-ˈtumble noun

friendly fighting between children etc. worsteling غَيْر مُتَقَيِّد بِنِظام أو قانون детско боричкане disputa amigável pranice die Balgerei tummel φιλική συμπλοκή pelea en broma, riña sin importancia nagistamine کتک کاری؛ جست و خیز nahistelu bagarreהתקוטטות उल्टा-पुल्टा prijateljsko (hrvanje) általános verekedés gelut-gelutan áflog zuffa 乱闘 뒤죽박죽인 peštynės kautiņš; cīkstēšanās pergaduhan mesra stoeipartijbasing, knuffing baraszkowanie جست او خیز briga amigável încăierare свалка bitka, ruvačka mikastenje dečija svađa nappatag ยุ่งวุ่นวาย itişerek oynama 打打鬧鬧的 колотнеча بچوں کے درمیان دوستانہ لڑاءی cuộc ẩu đả 乱糟糟的

rough it

to live for a period of time without the comforts or conveniences of modern life. They roughed it in the jungles for two months. buite slaap يَعيشُ حياةً قاسِيَه понасям несгоди vida primitivo žít primitivně in der Wildness ziehen leve primitivt ζω σκληρά ή πρωτόγονα vivir sin comodidades ebamugavustes elama بدون وسایل رفاهی زندگی کردن elää vaikeissa olosuhteissa vivre à la dure לְהִסתַפֵּק בְּמוּעָט कष्ट उठाना, उलटना, चिढ़ाना, मोटे तौर पर तैयार करना, सधाना, नाल में कीले लगा देना živjeti bez udobnosti primitív körülmények között él tinggal untuk sementara (vivere senza comodità), (arrangiarsi alla meglio) 不便な生活をする 원시적인 생활을 하다 pagyventi be patogumų dzīvot bez ērtībām hidup tanpa peralatan moden zich ontberingen getroosten; zich er doorheen slaan leve primitivt żyć w prymitywnych warunkach/bez wygód د مسترح او راحت بخښونکو وسایلو څخه پرته ژوند کول обходиться без привычных средств žiť veľmi primitívne imeti trdo življenje živeti u lošim uslovima leva primitivt, utstå strapatser ใช้ชีวิตง่าย ๆ ilkel koşullarda yaşamak 簡陋過活 перебиватися مشکلات سے نباہ کرنا sống thiếu thốn đủ thứ 将就着过日子，因陋就简地生活

rough out

to draw or explain roughly. I roughed out a diagram; He roughed out his plan. optrek, verduidelik يَشْرَحُ أو يُفَسِّرُ بصورَةٍ عامَّه обяснявам esboçar načrtnout entwerfen skitsere σκιαγραφώ, εξηγώ αδρομερώς esbozar visandama طرح کردن با رسم کردن با بی دقتی hahmotella ébaucher לְסַרטֵט בְּקָווִים כְּלָלִים कच्चा चित्र बनाना u grubo nacrtati, skicirati kinagyol menggambarkan secara kasar útskÿra/teikna í grófum dráttum tracciare 概略を言う 개괄적인 계획을 세우다 apmesti uzmest; īsi paskaidrot mengulas secara kasar schetsen lage en grov skisse, forklare i grove trekknaszkicować په بی پامی سره له رسم سره طرح کول esboçar a schiţa; a explica în mare набросать načrtnúť skicirati dati u grubim crtama skissera [upp], göra utkast till อธิบายอย่างหยาบ ๆ kabataslak yapmak 約略畫出或解說 креслити начорно تخمینہ تیار کرنا phác thảo sơ qua 粗粗画出，打草稿

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

rough

→ خَشِن, غَيْرُ لَطِيف hrubý brutal, grov grob, uneben τραχύς áspero, brusco karkea, kovakourainen brute, rugueux grub grossolano, rude 手荒な, 粗い 거친 ruw hardhendt, ru brutalny, szorstki áspero, bruto, rude грубый grov, hårdhänt รุนแรง, หยาบ kaba ráp, thô lỗ 粗糙的, 粗鲁的

Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

rough

a. [surface, skin] áspero-a, escabroso-a; [character] rudo-a. grosero-a;

v.

to have a ___ time → pasarla mal.

English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

• Is the sea rough today? → هَلْ البَحْرُ هائجٌ اليَوْمَ؟ → Je dnes moře rozbouřené? → Er der mange bølger i dag? → Ist das Meer heute stürmisch? → Έχει φουρτούνα σήμερα; → ¿Está picado el mar? → Onko merenkäynti voimakasta tänään? → La mer est agitée aujourd'hui ? → Je li more danas nemirno? → Il mare è mosso oggi? → 今日は海が荒れていますか？ → 오늘 바다가 거친가요? → Is de zee vandaag ruw? → Er det grov sjø i dag? → Czy morze jest dzisiaj wzburzone? → O mar está agitado hoje? → На море сегодня волнение? → Är det svår sjö idag? → วันนี้ทะเลมีพายุไหม? → Bugün deniz dalgalı mı? → Hôm nay biển có động không? → 今天海风大吗？
• The crossing was rough → كانَ العُبورُ هائجاً → Plavba byla drsná → Det var en hård overfart → Die Überfahrt war stürmisch → Το ταξίδι ήταν δύσκολο → El barco se ha movido mucho durante la travesía → Merenkäynti oli rajua → La traversée a été houleuse → More je bilo uzburkano tijekom plovidbe → Durante la traversata il mare era agitato → 航海は荒れ模様でした → 건너기 힘들었어요 → De overtocht was ruw → Det var en ganske tøff overfart → Podróż była ciężka → A travessia foi agitada → При переправе на море было волнение → Resan var svår → การข้ามฝั่งเจอพายุ → Karşıya geçiş epey sarstı → Chuyến đi lắc quá → 今天渡船很颠簸

Collins Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

rough

adj (skin, etc.) áspero

English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.